摘 要:培養(yǎng)發(fā)展學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)是落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)的必然要求,高中英語教學(xué)最終是要促成學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展。落實英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀,是有效形成英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的重要途徑?,F(xiàn)實英語教學(xué)中,教師容易僅拘泥于教材,按部就班,無法靈活多變創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用手中的材料。本文從一則聽力材料的二度利用著手,詳細(xì)展示了如何踐行英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀,通過確立目標(biāo)任務(wù)和優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)方式,讓學(xué)生在活動中獲取語言知識,提升思維品質(zhì)、學(xué)習(xí)能力及語言運(yùn)用能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語核心素養(yǎng);英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀;聽力材料
《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版)》明確了英語課程育人總目標(biāo),即培養(yǎng)具有家國情懷、國際視野和跨文化溝通能力的社會主義建設(shè)者和接班人,同時提煉出了要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng),即學(xué)生的語言能力、文化品格、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)能力。縱觀近幾年高考全國卷I,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)試題更多從能力立意向素養(yǎng)立意轉(zhuǎn)變。高中英語教學(xué),既存在著應(yīng)對新高考變革之態(tài)勢,又擔(dān)負(fù)著實現(xiàn)育人目標(biāo)的重任,所以在教學(xué)過程中,要求教師積極探索核心素養(yǎng)實現(xiàn)的路徑,要把實踐育人目標(biāo)融合到英語知識與技能、過程與方法、情感態(tài)度與價值觀教育中去。新課標(biāo)開創(chuàng)性地提出了“英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀”,并指出它有助于學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的有效形成。英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀是指在英語教學(xué)過程中,教師通過設(shè)置精確的主題任務(wù),學(xué)生在主題任務(wù)的引領(lǐng)下,通過閱讀、理解、分析、運(yùn)用、遷移、創(chuàng)新等一系列英語學(xué)習(xí)活動,讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用故有的知識積累,基于各種類型的語篇環(huán)境,在分析和解決問題的過程中,助力語言知識的學(xué)習(xí)、語言技能的提升、文化內(nèi)涵的理解、多元思維的培養(yǎng)、正確價值取向的形成和學(xué)習(xí)策略的運(yùn)用。這種學(xué)習(xí)活動是豐富學(xué)生語言知識、發(fā)展語言技能,提升思維品質(zhì)、增強(qiáng)文化意識、培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)能力、形成核心素養(yǎng)的活動,具有很強(qiáng)的實踐性、綜合性和關(guān)聯(lián)性的特點。
現(xiàn)實中的高中英語教學(xué),大多數(shù)教師仍未形成英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀,拘泥于教材,教材有什么,就教什么,按部就班,照本宣科,無法靈活多變創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用手中的材料。在聽力課教學(xué)過程中,教師沒有考慮聽力文本材料的體裁、背景、作者的意圖、材料對學(xué)生的知識與能力、情感態(tài)度價值觀的教育意義等,而都是直接播放錄音,學(xué)生按要求完成各項聽力任務(wù);講解時教師只引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從文本內(nèi)容表層意思去理解選出正確的答案,而沒能真正讓學(xué)生學(xué)會聽的過程與方法,更沒有創(chuàng)造性地對材料進(jìn)行深度解讀與利用,以致學(xué)生無法從聽力材料中獲取足夠的語言信息,養(yǎng)成關(guān)鍵的能力與品質(zhì),形成英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)。聽力教學(xué)應(yīng)充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性與主動性,讓學(xué)生積極參與課堂,發(fā)揚(yáng)學(xué)生自主、合作、探究、創(chuàng)新的精神,以培養(yǎng)他們聽說讀寫的語言運(yùn)用能力、綜合思維能力和分析解決問題的能力。下面結(jié)合本人的一個課例來說,以《2017年泉州市英語質(zhì)量檢查二》聽力第10段錄音原文為例:
錄音原文如下:
In ancient times, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road, which was not a simple trading network. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in Europe. It was used from about 200 BC to about AD 1300, when sea travel offered new routes. However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. The traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were found a lot in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. Well, after this lecture, you are supposed to preview the next passage about the Maritime Silk Road, that is, the Silk Road on the sea.
這篇文章主要講述了“一帶一路”倡議的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,這是我國對外開放的又一重大舉措,它構(gòu)架了亞歐非大陸及附近海洋的互聯(lián)互通,形成了沿線各國互聯(lián)互通伙伴關(guān)系,有利于促進(jìn)我國對外經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和對內(nèi)供給的改革,提高我國對外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,同時也有利于促進(jìn)沿線國家和地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人文交流。泉州是古代海上絲綢之路的重要起點,在“一帶一路”倡議的建設(shè)中,具有舉足輕重的地位。加深對這則材料的理解,有助于學(xué)生加深了解沿線國家的自然地理、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會、人文歷史、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、價值理念;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛家鄉(xiāng)、報效祖國的思想,加深對本國文化理解認(rèn)同,形成跨文化交際的能力;同時也有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生優(yōu)秀的文化品格,理解和尊重多元文化,堅持各民族文化一律的原則,感悟和鑒賞中外文化差異,博采他國文化之精華,形成中華文化自信。那如何更好地利用這則材料呢?我的做法如下:
(一) 濃縮改寫,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言能力
課前將這則材料分發(fā)學(xué)生,要求學(xué)生在熟讀、理解的基礎(chǔ)上將這篇文章改寫成100詞左右的短文。學(xué)生在語篇分析的過程中,通過分析、比較、歸納、概括等思維訓(xùn)練,加深對文本深層理解,理出線索,歸納出作者的寫作意圖,學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識濃縮改寫,有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生書面表達(dá)能力和綜合概括能力,理性表達(dá)自己的觀點思想。
優(yōu)秀文稿展示:
The Silk Road dates back to 200 BC, including the Northern and Southern Silk Roads on the land and the Silk Road on the sea. It served as the ancient trade routes connecting Asian Continent with European Continent. In ancient times, merchants earned their living by trading goods. However, the Silk Road was not smooth with mountains, deserts and various dangerous regions all the way. But exchange and communication continued between the East and the West because of the peoples wishes for peace. The countries along the Silk Road exchanged not just valuable goods but also cultures and beliefs, which made great contributions to the development of Asia and Europe.
(二) 改正為錯,提升學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)
常規(guī)的英語教學(xué)及考試中,改錯題要求學(xué)生將文中錯誤之處挑出并改正。學(xué)生習(xí)慣于把錯改正,在思維上形成一個定勢。而在教學(xué)中,我們可以讓學(xué)生嘗試改正為錯,熟悉改錯題常規(guī)設(shè)置思路,培養(yǎng)逆向思維品質(zhì)。在上面優(yōu)秀文稿的基礎(chǔ)上,要求學(xué)生設(shè)置10個常見錯誤并配上答案。
學(xué)生設(shè)置10個錯誤的成果展示:
The Silk Road dated(dates) back to 200 BC, including the Northern and Southern Silk Roads on the land and the Silk Road on the sea. (也有學(xué)生將這句改成:The Silk Road dated(dating) back to 200 BC, includes the Northern and Southern Silk Roads on the land and the Silk Road on the sea.) It serve(served) as the ancient trade routes connecting Asian Continent with European Continent. In ancient time(times), merchants earned our(their) living by trading goods. However, the Silk Road was not smoothly(smooth) with mountains, deserts and various dangerous regions all the way. So(But) exchange and communication continued between the East and the West because∧(of)the peoples wishes for peace. The countries along with(with刪除) the Silk Road exchanged not just valuable goods but also cultures and beliefs, which made an(a) great contribution to the develop(development) of Asia and Europe.
(三) 師生合作,改寫文體,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力
課堂上老師與學(xué)生一起將文章修改成三段介紹“一帶一路”倡議的說明文,根據(jù)說明文的寫作特點,分別介紹名稱、路線、作用,提升到現(xiàn)在的主題,然后讓學(xué)生找出形容詞或副詞、動詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞,并進(jìn)行考點設(shè)題。
師生擴(kuò)寫文稿展示:
The Silk Road, with a history of more than 2,000 years, is a historically important international trade route in China and the Mediterranean(地中海). In ancient times silk took up a large part of trade along this road, and the road got its name from this most prized product—silk. However, it was in 1877 that the road was named the Silk Road by a German geographer.
This ancient road starts from Changan, runs by way of the Hexi Corridor(河西走廊) and reaches Dun Huang, where it divides into three: the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)), and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.
The road linking the East to the West helped to develop and increase the trades among the countries along the road. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods while Chinese merchants traded paper. All these show us the Silk Road is a great way to promote exchange, cooperation, friendship and peace.
學(xué)生成果展示:
The Silk Road, with a history of more than 2,000 years, is a 1 (historical) important international trade route in China and the Mediterranean(地中海). In ancient times silk took up a large part of trade along this road, and the road got 2 (it) name from this most prized product—silk. However, it was in 1877 3 the road was named the Silk Road by a German geographer.
This ancient road starts from Changan, 4 (run) by way of the Hexi Corridor(河西走廊)and reaches Dun Huang, 5 it divides into three:the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)), and then they extend as 6 as Pakistan, India and even Rome.
The road 7 (link) the East to the West helped to develop and increase the trades among the 8 (country) along the road. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other 9 (value) goods while Chinese merchants traded paper. All these show us the Silk Road is a great way 10 (promote) exchange, cooperation, friendship and peace.
參考答案及解析:
1. historically 2. its 3. that(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 4. runs(并列謂語動詞) 5. where(定語從句) 6. far...(as far as遠(yuǎn)到……) 7. linking(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語) 8. countries(輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式) 9. valuable(形容詞) 10. to promote或of promoting
(四) 課后拓展,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生文化品格
圍繞“一帶一路”倡議的主題,布置學(xué)生課后進(jìn)行拓展閱讀,上網(wǎng)查找沿線國家地區(qū)的文化歷史、風(fēng)土人情等,就某一方面用英文寫一篇介紹相關(guān)國家或地區(qū)的作文;用英語傳播中華文化,講述中國故事;出一份相關(guān)的英語手抄報;交一個外國朋友,用英語進(jìn)行溝通;學(xué)一首外文歌曲;編一出英語情景劇等。通過上述活動來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化品格,讓學(xué)生能習(xí)得并積累中外文化知識,理解和尊重外國文化,在與外國文化的交往中吸取精華,增強(qiáng)民族文化自信心,形成跨文化交際的能力。
上文師生一起參與按要求對所給材料進(jìn)行再次開發(fā)利用的設(shè)題活動,真正體現(xiàn)了英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化品格與思維品質(zhì),英語學(xué)習(xí)能力和語言能力;又提高了學(xué)生應(yīng)試能力,活躍了課堂氛圍,改變了以往老師滿堂灌的教學(xué)模式。總之,高中英語教學(xué)應(yīng)立足學(xué)生的實際,尊重學(xué)生主體,堅持落實英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀,充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性和主動性,創(chuàng)造性地使用教材進(jìn)行深度教學(xué),以培養(yǎng)發(fā)展學(xué)生英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]王薔.從綜合語言運(yùn)用能力到英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)——高中英語課程改革的新挑戰(zhàn)[J].英語教師,2015(16).
[2]宮一民.淺論基于核心素養(yǎng)的高中英語閱讀教學(xué)[J].中國高新區(qū),2018(4).
作者簡介:
王倫輝,福建省晉江市,福建省晉江市養(yǎng)正中學(xué)。