余貝貝
【摘要】小學(xué)英語教師在教學(xué)過程中不能靈活運(yùn)用有效的教學(xué)方法,使得英語課堂單一、枯燥,學(xué)生缺乏興趣。生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)法,變抽象為直觀,化刻板為生動(dòng),改變小學(xué)英語課堂的氛圍氣氛變得生動(dòng)活潑,有利于學(xué)生理解和掌握知識(shí),引發(fā)求知欲。
【關(guān)鍵詞】小學(xué)英語;生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué);學(xué)習(xí)興趣
《小學(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(以下簡稱課標(biāo))明確地指出,“課程從學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和認(rèn)知水平出發(fā),倡導(dǎo)體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、參與、合作與交流的學(xué)習(xí)方式”?!盎顒?dòng)內(nèi)容和形式要貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際,符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn);要盡可能地接近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中語言使用的實(shí)際情況?!庇纱丝梢姡抡n標(biāo)強(qiáng)調(diào)以人為本,注重學(xué)生個(gè)體的發(fā)展和語言知識(shí)的實(shí)用性。這就要求教師在英語教學(xué)中滲透生活知識(shí),創(chuàng)設(shè)貼近生活的情境。然而,在當(dāng)下的小學(xué)英語教學(xué)中,教師只注重單詞、句子的教學(xué),而忽視了英語在生活中的實(shí)際運(yùn)用,使得英語學(xué)習(xí)脫離了生活情境,學(xué)生學(xué)了一大堆的詞匯和句子卻不會(huì)綜合運(yùn)用。
生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)法的出現(xiàn),變抽象為直觀,化刻板為生動(dòng),給枯燥乏味的小學(xué)英語課堂帶來了一絲新意。它不僅能改變小學(xué)英語課堂的氛圍,讓氣氛變得生動(dòng)活潑還能使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生身臨其境般的感知,有利于學(xué)生理解和掌握知識(shí),引發(fā)求知欲。因此,本文擬就蘇教版譯林英語五年級(jí)下“Seeing the doctor”一課為例,對小學(xué)英語生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)作粗淺的探究。
一、小學(xué)英語課堂教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀
1.教師教學(xué)活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)缺乏實(shí)效性
新課標(biāo)提出英語課堂教學(xué)要通過說說、唱唱、玩玩、演演等活動(dòng)完成,即“在活動(dòng)中學(xué)習(xí)語言”。遺憾的是,筆者通過近幾年的課堂觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)許多教師對這一理念還是停留在比較淺的層次,關(guān)注了活動(dòng)形式本身,卻忽略了語言教學(xué)的根本目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)象,課堂活動(dòng)雖然很豐富,但是缺乏實(shí)效性。
2.學(xué)生對英語學(xué)習(xí)失去興趣
當(dāng)下許多小學(xué)英語教師在教學(xué)過程中不能靈活運(yùn)用有效的教學(xué)方法,使得英語課堂單一、枯燥,學(xué)生缺乏興趣。小學(xué)生喜歡活躍的課堂氛圍,因此老師必須抓住學(xué)生的這一特征進(jìn)行教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。此外,部分老師的教學(xué)觀念仍然停留在應(yīng)試教育階段,把成績作為評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),嚴(yán)重阻礙了學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)能力的形成,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生對英語學(xué)習(xí)失去興趣。
二、基于生活再現(xiàn)的教學(xué)課例
1.教學(xué)內(nèi)容
選自譯林版英語5B Unit4 Seeing the doctor (checkout time)
2.教學(xué)目標(biāo)
(1)復(fù)習(xí)詞匯 headache/ toothache/ fever/ cough/ cold/ brush ones teeth/ have a rest/ take medicine/...;
(2)復(fù)習(xí)句型What's wrong with...? 及答句 ... have/ has a...; How do/ does... feel ? 及答句 ...feel ...,What should / shouldnt ...do ? 及答句 ... should / shouldnt ...;
(3)完成Checkout time板塊教學(xué);滲透情感教育,體驗(yàn)“樂于助人”的樂趣。
3.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)
(1)能夠與同學(xué)合作完成Test list中的檢測任務(wù);
(2)能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)提出更多的給予病人的建議。
4.教學(xué)過程如下:
(1)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué),把學(xué)生帶入情境。
Step 1 Daily talk
T: Doctor Li is a nice doctor , hes helpful , but always busy, lets have a look at his outpatient department.
T: What do you think of his outpatient department ? Are there lot of people here ?
S: ...
T:Who are in the hospital?
S:...
T: Yes , there are lot of sick people here, and they are not happy. Doctor Li is checking the sick people inside. He has some questions to ask them. If you are Doctor Li, how to ask the questions?
S: ...
上課伊始,老師通過設(shè)計(jì)許多人排隊(duì)找優(yōu)秀的李醫(yī)生排隊(duì)看病的情境將課文主題生活化,該情境的設(shè)計(jì)巧妙、真實(shí)、貼切學(xué)習(xí)情境,讓學(xué)生不僅學(xué)到了知識(shí),還得到了口語的鍛煉。
(2)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)的設(shè)置,讓學(xué)生感知語言。
Step 2 Tests (仁愛助手招聘測試)
T: Test 1 , please say out at least five words of illnesses. Go.
S: ...
T: OK, The illnesses are ...
S: ...
T: Very good, so you get the first pass card “仁” , the leaders of the groups, please stick it here. OK, the illnesses are ...
S: ...
T: Now lets go into Test 2 , please say out at least six words of feelings ,first finish Test 2 in your groups, go .
S: ...
T: OK, time is up, lets have a check . The feelings are ...
S: ...
T: Very good, so you get the second pass card “愛” , please stick it here.
T: Now lets go into Test 3 , please watch a vedio and tell me the phrases of the actions.
T:OK, now tell me the phrases of the actions.
S:...
T:Very good, so you get the third pass card “幫” , please stick it here.
T: The actions are ...
S: ...
T:Now lets go into Test 4 , please read the story “Tims Day” , and finish the test.
T: Now , Tim is in the hospital, lets check him, work in pairs , one is Tim , the other is the doctor , first , who wants to be the doctor?
S: ...
T: Now ,its your turn , work in pairs, one is Tim , the other is the doctor.
S: ...
T: Boys and girls, now , you get the fourth pass card “手”.please stick it here.
T: In the test , you did a very job, so you get four pass cards , congratulations”.
Now you can be the helpers of Doctor Li , and there are lots of helpers in our class, you can give much help to Doctor Li, very good .
通過布置給學(xué)生任務(wù),讓他們集得四張仁愛助手卡,才能成為仁愛小助手這樣一個(gè)情境,幫助學(xué)生在真實(shí)的生活化語境中感知語言的學(xué)習(xí),鞏固了本單元的單詞、短語以及句型的用法。這樣組織教學(xué)不僅激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,更容易讓學(xué)生進(jìn)入到情境中,讓學(xué)生成為活動(dòng)操練的主角、教學(xué)的主體,同時(shí)也讓教學(xué)更富有生命力。
(3)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)的語言操練,讓學(xué)生掌握語言。
a. Listen and choose
T:Just now, we didnt know the end of the story, now lets read the ending.
Now , Tim is at home, he is not happy. Why ? Why is Tim not happy ? Now you are the helpers of Doctor Li , I think you know the reason, so, tell me, whats wrong with Tim now ?
S:...
T: Now lets listen to Tim and his mum, and tell me:whats wrong with Tim now ? First ,open your books , turn to P45 , read the three questions .
T: Are you ready to listen?
S:...
T: Answer me : What s wrong with Tim?
S: ...
T: Yes , he has a headache.
T: How does he feel?
S:...
T: What should he do ?
S: ...
T: Now, lets listen again, and finish Tims medical record .
T: First, tell me , the diagnoses of Tim , its easy for you.
S: ...
T: Yes , he has a headache and a cold, and his leg hurts.
T:So what should Tim do? And what shouldnt Tim do ?
S: ...
T: Now lets give Tim more advice ,
S:...
T: And what shouldnt Tim do ?
S: ...
b. Think and write
T: As Doctor Lis helpers , you have finished the first task , its your job. Now lets finish the second task, You should give good advice to others .
Look, the children cant take care of themselves, can you give them some advice.
教師通過設(shè)計(jì)成為優(yōu)秀的仁愛助手這個(gè)情境教學(xué)的主題,讓學(xué)生完成病例和給出建議這兩個(gè)任務(wù),幫助學(xué)生操練語言,啟發(fā)學(xué)生再次材料所學(xué)單詞和句型,并且感受到用英語的成就感,同時(shí)鍛煉了學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力??傊?,這一環(huán)節(jié)使得學(xué)生在課外拓展中再次理解和運(yùn)用本課所學(xué)的語言,通過學(xué)生的課堂表現(xiàn)不難看出,基于生活化教學(xué)的語言輸入和輸出是高效的。
(4)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)的情感教育,深化主題。
Step 4 Game time
T: Boys and girls, you are so great, you have finished the second task, now you are the excellent helpers , big hands for yourselves, so heres a game for you. Lets have some fun. First read the rules by yourselves.
Are you ready ?
S: ...
T: I want to play the game first. In the first line , I choose..., in the second line , I choose .., Who has the cards ? Come here , and stick them on the blackboard , then make a sentence.
S: ...
T: Lets have a look . We should...
S: ...
T: So your answer is ...
S:
T:Now , its your turns , who wants to choose?
S: ...
T: Who has the cards ? Stick them on the blackboard , then make a sentence.
T: Lets have a look . …So your answer is …
S:...
T: Next chance...
T: Now , I have a question :Are you happy to be Doctor Lis helpers ?
S: ...
T: As the helpers, you have helped lots of children, and you should help more people.
You should love your family and friends. And you should take care of yourselves.
S: …
T: And heres a sentence for you : Happiness lie in rendering help to others.
教師通過游戲的設(shè)計(jì)向?qū)W生滲透情感目標(biāo),體現(xiàn)了生活化的教學(xué)主題,寓教于樂,符合了學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn),強(qiáng)化了教學(xué)內(nèi)容的主體。
(6)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)的家庭作業(yè)的布置,給學(xué)生更多空間。
Step 5 Homework
1.通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)、書籍等方式,了解更多表示疾病類的單詞。
2.完成“Test list”,在空格處填入合適的單詞或詞組 。
教師這樣的作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),是上一個(gè)步驟的延續(xù),基于生活化教學(xué)的作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)讓有限的課堂得到了無限的拓展。
總而言之,小學(xué)英語情境教學(xué)從日常生活著手,有助于挖掘?qū)W生的興趣和興奮點(diǎn),將生活體驗(yàn)是帶入小學(xué)英語課堂,不僅符合小學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn)和認(rèn)知規(guī)律,還讓學(xué)生貼近生活,身臨其境地走進(jìn)生活。因此,小學(xué)英語教師應(yīng)把生活再現(xiàn)教學(xué)運(yùn)用到課堂教學(xué)當(dāng)中,與此同時(shí),教師應(yīng)將生活化教學(xué)上升成一種教學(xué)思想和理念,時(shí)刻指導(dǎo)自己的教學(xué)行為。
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