董希旺 郭棟 李清東 任章
摘? 要:制導(dǎo)原理理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)課作為導(dǎo)航、制導(dǎo)與控制專(zhuān)業(yè)的核心主干課程,承擔(dān)著培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新型、研究型航空航天人才的重任。在“雙一流”建設(shè)背景下,為進(jìn)一步提升學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性與創(chuàng)造性,培養(yǎng)其良好的科研工程素養(yǎng),授課團(tuán)隊(duì)從提升學(xué)生課程參與度入手進(jìn)行了課程改革與實(shí)踐。首先,從課程內(nèi)容、授課方式與實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)分析了當(dāng)前課程的不足。其次,采用“理論-實(shí)踐交互式”的一體化研究思路對(duì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行了改革,具體包括更新完善課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容、改進(jìn)升級(jí)教學(xué)方式和建立新的運(yùn)用型實(shí)踐教學(xué)模式這三方面的措施。課改實(shí)踐結(jié)果表明,學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)自主性、研究視野與動(dòng)手實(shí)踐能力得到了提升,進(jìn)入科研狀態(tài)的速度明顯加快。最后,對(duì)課改措施與實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并結(jié)合反饋結(jié)果對(duì)未來(lái)的課改工作進(jìn)行了展望。
關(guān)鍵詞:雙一流;制導(dǎo)原理;深參與度;教學(xué)改革
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G642? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)28-0042-04
Abstract: The theory and experiment course of Guidance Principles, as the core course of navigation, guidance and control major, undertakes the important task of cultivating innovative and research-oriented aerospace talents. Under the background of "double first-class" construction, in order to further enhance the students' learning initiative and creativity, and cultivate good scientific research engineering literacy, the teaching team started curriculum reform and practice from the perspective of enhancing students' course participation. Firstly, the shortcomings of the current curriculum are analyzed from the content of the curriculum, teaching methods and practical links. Then, the "theory-practice interactive" integrated research ideas are used to reform the teaching content and teaching methods, including updating and perfecting the teaching content, improving the teaching methods and establishing the new practical teaching model. The results of the curriculum reform practice indicate that students' learning autonomy, research vision and hands-on practical ability have been improved, and the speed of entering the scientific research state has been also accelerated. Finally, the curriculum reform measures and practice are summarized, and the future curriculum reform work is prospected based on the feedback results.
Keywords: double first-class; guidance principle; deep participation; teaching reform
“雙一流”建設(shè)掀起了高等教育發(fā)展的新一輪熱潮,也調(diào)動(dòng)了社會(huì)各界對(duì)我國(guó)高等教育的重新聚焦和投入[1]。在這一建設(shè)背景下,入圍一流A類(lèi)學(xué)科建設(shè)的北京航空航天大學(xué)控制科學(xué)與工程學(xué)科迎來(lái)了重要發(fā)展契機(jī)。導(dǎo)航、制導(dǎo)與控制是北航控制科學(xué)與工程下設(shè)的重點(diǎn)二級(jí)學(xué)科,是國(guó)家重點(diǎn)學(xué)科、國(guó)防主干學(xué)科,在全國(guó)同類(lèi)學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)中排名第一,肩負(fù)著培養(yǎng)國(guó)家航空航天領(lǐng)域先進(jìn)人才的重任。在“雙一流”的建設(shè)大潮下,這一學(xué)科的教學(xué)、科研和管理等各個(gè)方面的改革都面臨重大挑戰(zhàn)。制導(dǎo)原理課程是導(dǎo)航、制導(dǎo)與控制專(zhuān)業(yè)的一門(mén)核心主干課程。在人才培養(yǎng)的過(guò)程中,該課程擔(dān)負(fù)著承上啟下的作用,是未來(lái)學(xué)生從事飛行器總體設(shè)計(jì)、制導(dǎo)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)等工作的必備專(zhuān)業(yè)課程。為了適應(yīng)我國(guó)航空航天技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的快速發(fā)展,培養(yǎng)大航天時(shí)代所急需的新型人才,必須把握“雙一流”建設(shè)機(jī)遇,對(duì)現(xiàn)有課程內(nèi)容、教學(xué)模式、教學(xué)手段進(jìn)行改革。
一、課程現(xiàn)狀與教學(xué)改革的意義
(一)課程內(nèi)容陳舊、缺少研究性
目前,包括我校在內(nèi)的國(guó)內(nèi)大多數(shù)高校所開(kāi)設(shè)的制導(dǎo)原理課程,多安排在40個(gè)學(xué)時(shí)以?xún)?nèi),授課內(nèi)容包含了導(dǎo)彈制導(dǎo)的基本原理、導(dǎo)引律與導(dǎo)引彈道、典型探測(cè)與導(dǎo)引系統(tǒng)、典型導(dǎo)彈控制系統(tǒng)、典型制導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析與設(shè)計(jì)等多個(gè)重要章節(jié)。學(xué)時(shí)少、章節(jié)多使得各個(gè)重要章節(jié)的講授不超過(guò)8個(gè)學(xué)時(shí),對(duì)制導(dǎo)控制系統(tǒng)理論層面的分析較少,而經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的總結(jié)、歸納較多。陳舊的知識(shí)易使學(xué)生失去學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力,對(duì)研究生而言,更難以開(kāi)拓思維,調(diào)動(dòng)科研的積極性。