郭廣春
摘 要:小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)是義務(wù)教育階段重要的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科,對(duì)于學(xué)生的思維培養(yǎng)、創(chuàng)新能力都有著積極的意義。在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,我們常常用到問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)的方法來引入課堂,加強(qiáng)課堂的“可讀性”,促進(jìn)學(xué)生更好地理解內(nèi)容。問題情境是一種具有體驗(yàn)性、引導(dǎo)性和靈活性的體驗(yàn)情感式教學(xué)引入方法,在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中既符合小學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律,能促進(jìn)數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)容的具象化和模塊化,同時(shí)也有利于教師再審視自己的教學(xué)責(zé)任,更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)教育要求。當(dāng)問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)運(yùn)用到小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教育教學(xué)中時(shí),難免會(huì)遇到方法守舊、可操作性不強(qiáng),形式古板、趣味性缺少,內(nèi)容渙散、針對(duì)性不強(qiáng)等問題。針對(duì)這些矛盾,我們提出了在教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)思考的循序漸進(jìn),促進(jìn)生活場(chǎng)景的融合,同時(shí)注意情境主題的具體化和針對(duì)性,從各方面促進(jìn)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教育教學(xué)與問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)更有效地融合,提升教學(xué)實(shí)效性。
關(guān)鍵詞:小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué);教育教學(xué);問題情境
【中圖分類號(hào)】G623.5 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1005-8877(2021)22-0133-02
【Absrtact】primary school mathematics is an important basic subject in compulsory education stage,which has positive significance for students' thinking cultivation and innovation. In teaching practice,we often use the method of problem situation creation to introduce the classroom,strengthen the "readability" of the classroom,and promote the students to understand the content better. The problem situation is a kind of experience emotion teaching introduction method with experience,guidance and flexibility. It not only accords with the cognitive law of primary school students in mathematics teaching,but also promotes the concrete and modularization of mathematics content. At the same time,it is helpful for teachers to re-examine their teaching responsibilities and better realize the standard education. When the problem situation is created and applied to mathematics education and teaching in primary school,it is inevitable to encounter problems such as conservative method,weak maneuverability,old-fashioned form,lack of interest,lax content and weak pertinence. In view of these contradictions,we put forward to strengthen the gradual thinking in teaching,to promote the integration of life scenes,and to pay attention to the concretization and pertinence of situational themes. From all aspects to promote primary school mathematics education teaching and problem situation creation more effective integration,improve teaching effectiveness.
【Keywords】primary school mathematics;education and teaching;problem situation.
新課改越來越崇尚學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)。而數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科作為一門集抽象和邏輯于一體的學(xué)科,更對(duì)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)有著不小的要求。在實(shí)踐教學(xué)中,問題情境的教學(xué)經(jīng)常被引入。本文將從問題情境的概念及原則談起,探討其在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中應(yīng)用的必要性,并剖析其結(jié)合存在的問題,提出在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教育教學(xué)中進(jìn)行有效的問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)的方針策略。
1.問題情境的概念及原則
(1)問題情境的概念
“情”與“境”的組合通過兩個(gè)字生動(dòng)概括了“情境”的內(nèi)涵:感情的渲染性和經(jīng)歷的模擬性。情境旨在將人代入具體的事件或場(chǎng)景中,真實(shí)感受人物的歷程和思考,擁有更生動(dòng)的情感體驗(yàn)。情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)在教育學(xué)中是不斷被探討的話題,而“問題情境”則是將它的內(nèi)容繼續(xù)擴(kuò)散和延伸,探究如何通過問題引導(dǎo)的方式探入情境,實(shí)現(xiàn)情境趣味度和沉浸感的進(jìn)一步提升。教育工作者們漸漸開始意識(shí)到,問題情境在中小學(xué)教育中的潛能和可利用性。
(2)創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境的原則
在教育教學(xué)中創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境,成為了眾多教師們開始嘗試和探索的途徑。然而問題情境的創(chuàng)設(shè),也有豐富的理論支撐和方法依托,需要我們遵循正確的原則。其一,問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)具有“體驗(yàn)性”,即被創(chuàng)設(shè)者應(yīng)當(dāng)在情境中有充分的體驗(yàn)感。其二,問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)還應(yīng)當(dāng)具有“引導(dǎo)性”,具有引導(dǎo)傾聽者進(jìn)入自己所講主題和內(nèi)容的作用。再者,問題情境創(chuàng)設(shè)還需具有“靈活性”,即圍繞教學(xué)目標(biāo)可以有豐富的可能性,在實(shí)際操作上可以根據(jù)具體教學(xué)場(chǎng)景靈活變換。