莊重

高中英語(yǔ)在高考總成績(jī)中占據(jù)150分的分值，很多高中同學(xué)都誤認(rèn)為只要基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握牢固就萬(wàn)事OK了，其實(shí)，高中英語(yǔ)的解題更需要一定的技巧，掌握高效的解題技巧能夠事半功倍，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)難題。其中閱讀理解在高考英語(yǔ)中的比重更是不容小覷。今天我著重和大家談一下我平時(shí)對(duì)高考閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題的理解。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題具體有可以分為以下幾個(gè)類型。

1.直接信息題——題干定位法

典題印證（2016課標(biāo)I，A片段）

Rosa Parks（1913-2005）

On December 1，1995，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.

23.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.？

A.Jane Addams. B.Rachel Carson.

C.Sandra Day OConnor D.Rosa Parks.

解析：首先根據(jù)題干中的“civil-rights”可將答案鎖定在“Rosa Parks”一欄中；根據(jù)本段中 “…kicked off the civil-rights movement” 可知，Rosa Park推動(dòng)了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故D正確。

[名師點(diǎn)津]此類題目適合尋讀法，帶著問(wèn)題找句子，即先看問(wèn)題，記住關(guān)鍵詞，如人物、時(shí)間、事件、地點(diǎn)等，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。

2.間接信息題——斷章取義法

典題印證（2016課標(biāo)II，C片段）

Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.

People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

11.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？

A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.

C.Pass it on to another reader. D.Mail it back to its owner.

解析：根據(jù)文章提到的“....the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”讓書(shū)蒙上塵土是一種很自私的行為，網(wǎng)站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓勵(lì)人們與別人分享圖書(shū)，所以拿到書(shū)的人最可能繼續(xù)把書(shū)傳遞下去。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.排序題——首尾排除法

這種試題要求考生根據(jù)事情發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件的正確順序。做此類試題時(shí)可采用“首尾排除法法”，即找出事件發(fā)展的首與尾，即找出最早和最晚的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或事件，使用排除法迅速縮小范圍，從而快速選出正確選項(xiàng)?；蛑苯又鹨挥门懦ò错樞蚺懦贸稣_選項(xiàng)。

典題印證（2014四川，C片段）

Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.

However，she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough，so she stamped on her father's chest instead.

Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions（按壓）until the ambulance arrived.

Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said："I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.

40.What's the right order of the events？

①Izzy kicked Colm.

②Debbie called 999.

③Izzy learned CPR.

④Colm's heart stopped.

A.3124 B.4231 C.3421 D.4312

解析：根據(jù)文章的敘述，女孩以前就學(xué)會(huì)了CPR，在父親的心臟停止跳動(dòng)之后，她的母親先撥打了999，女孩發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手臂力氣不夠用，才用踩她父親胸部的方式。故答案選C。

4.數(shù)字計(jì)算題——查讀分析法

此類試題在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，有的要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能得出正確答案。具體可以是對(duì)年代、月份、費(fèi)用等計(jì)算。此類題目宜才用“查讀分析法”；先閱讀題干，然后對(duì)文中相關(guān)的數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等作出標(biāo)記，按照一定的規(guī)律分門別類的列出需要相關(guān)數(shù)字，然后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。

典題印證（2016浙江·B片段）

Below are search record from a university librarys database

Quick Search l Category l Full Text l Advanced

48.How many books published in 2015 are found in this search？

A.9. B.90. C.118. D.290.

解析：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)側(cè)邊欄的Year Published下的2015（90），可知有90本書(shū)是2015年出版的。故選B。

總之，學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的提高是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的、逐漸的過(guò)程，只有課上充分利用好教材，不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大詞匯量，注重閱讀方法和技巧，課后進(jìn)行大量的閱讀，學(xué)生就一定會(huì)攻克閱讀的難關(guān)，享受閱讀理解給英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣。