徐小紅
【摘 要】隨著社會和家庭對英語學習的重視,孩子們整體的英語水平明顯提高了。身處日新月異的新時代,如何使小學英語教學更貼近學生的實際,使我們的課堂熠熠生輝,真正實現(xiàn)中小學英語教學的連續(xù)性和一體化,是值得一線小學英語教師深思的問題。
【關鍵詞】高效課堂;課程資源;中小銜接
本文以譯林英語教材為例,結(jié)合日常教學中的做法,談談自己的一些看法。
一、立足核心素養(yǎng),構(gòu)建高效英語課堂
(一)層次化教學,滿足學生差異化需求
在英語教學中,教師應當真正把分層教學和分層作業(yè)落到實處,藝術性地吸引每一個孩子投入到學習中。
教學四年級下冊Unit 7 Whats the matter?在理解了Storytime文本內(nèi)容后,筆者逐步把主題引向深入:
1.Liu Taos father and mother are worr-ied about him. They both care about him. What do they say to him? Read in your groups, choose the way you like.
2.If you are Liu Taos father or Liu Taos mother, what do you say to him? You can use the sentences: Are you...?/Come and have…/Heres…for you.
3.Fathers and mothers love their childr-en, they care about them. We should care about our family, too. Look, this is Peppas family.(Three pictures: Daddy is doing some exercise; Mommy is busy doing housework; Brother is ill, hes staying in bed.) If you are Peppa, what do you say to them? You can choose one picture, and talk about it.
六年級上冊Unit 2 What a day!重點之一是“天氣類單詞”的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。筆者設計了這樣的分層作業(yè):
★認真抄寫cloudy, rainy, sunny, windy三遍,背熟;熟練朗讀Storytime。
★★用所給詞的適當形式填空,如:
There were black__________in the sky.(cloud)
The weather became______(wind) this mor-ning.
Its______. The_______is shining.(sun)
★★★關注電視里的天氣預報,做個“小小氣象播報員”,下一節(jié)課匯報。
(二)情景化教學,實現(xiàn)由學習走向生活
小學英語教學要以小學生的生活經(jīng)驗和興趣為出發(fā)點,內(nèi)容和方式要盡量真實。教師可以創(chuàng)設如打電話、過生日、購物、旅游、問路、看病等貼近學生生活的任務型活動,開展交互式、合作式的學習。
在教學中,筆者常鼓勵學生課前一到三分鐘On duty,可以選一個自己喜歡的話題聊聊。近日,六年級的一位同學演講了一段My mother,精美的PPT,配之以聲情并茂的演講,媽媽的形象靈動地展現(xiàn)在大家的面前(節(jié)選部分內(nèi)容):
Now, I understand my mother. She gets up early every day. She cooks delicious food for us. When I get up in the morning, the porrige is either hot or cold, its just right. She goes to bed late at night. She is the busiest in my family. We are friends now. We chat with each other every day. I can say what I want to say. I can do what I want to do. Sometimes, I even think she is like a child. We love each other.
二、豐富課程資源,拓展英語學習渠道
豐富多樣的課程資源對語言學習尤其重要,在英語教學中,教師應根據(jù)教和學的需求,提供接近生活,貼近時代的英語學習資源。
(一)繪本課程,體會人生哲理
日常教學中,筆者常采用英語繪本閱讀的方式來輔助英語教學,從而提高孩子們英語學習的能力。通過一個個生動有趣的故事,使其體會人生哲理。如在五年級的教學過程中,我選擇了這樣兩個繪本故事:
1.A little snail: Nothing is difficult to one who would like to try.
A little snail lives at the bottom of a tree. He has a hard shell. He climbs slowly. But he wants to climb to the top of the tree. He wants to see the big world. But Bird, Parrot and Giraffe all say,“You cant get to the top of the tree.”The snail never gives up. He climbs and climbs, step by step. At last, he climbs to the top of the tree. He see the beautiful world.
2.The little horse and the river: Real knowledge comes from practice.
One day, a little horse was asked to carry the wheat to the mill. On his way, a river stopped him. The little horse did not know if he could cross it. He asked Uncle Cow and the little squirrel, but they gave him different answers. The little horse was confused and he went back home to his mother. Mother horse asked him to try it by himself. At last, the little horse walked carefully across the river. He found the river was neither too shallow nor too deep. It was just OK for him.
(二)時尚歌曲,順應時代發(fā)展潮流
無論是知識呈現(xiàn),還是語言操練,單一的方式都難以使學生保持對英語的興趣,歌曲的巧妙運用為豐富教學形式提供了可能。在高年級教學的過程中,教師可以引入一些當下最fashion的歌曲,如英文版的《我和我的祖國》。
(三)有聲電影,把努力的視角拉回當下
2020年突如其來的疫情,好似在我們的生活中按下了暫停鍵。也正是經(jīng)歷了這些,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)生活遠比想象得要美好。電影《心靈奇旅》(Soul)治愈了很多人不安、焦慮的靈魂。
原來靈魂的“火花”,并不是我們的想象中的宏大藍圖,它可能是一顆果實、一粒紐扣,還可能是pizza的味道、街頭藝人的歌聲……
Your spark isnt your purpose, that last box fills in when you are ready to come live.
——Soul
三、注重中小銜接,滲透初中英語知識
《英語課程標準》指出:英語學習是一個有機整體,小學英語和初中英語密不可分,小學英語是中學英語的基礎,中學英語是小學英語的延伸。為此,小學英語教師應該通讀初中教材,了解初中英語的教學目標及要求,在教學時,潛移默化地滲透相關的教學內(nèi)容。
案例一:感官動詞+sb.+doing/do+sth.
五年級下冊Unit 5 Helping our parents, Sound time中有這樣兩個句子:
In the morning, I like to sing. And watch the flowers growing.
In the evening, I like to sit. And listen to the wind blowing.
這里的watch, listen to是感官動詞,watch the flowers growing看著花兒正在生長;listen to the wind blowing聽著風兒正在吹。類似的感官動詞還有see, smell, taste, feel, find, notice等。可以拓展舉例:
1.I can hear someone singing next door.我能聽見有人正在隔壁唱歌。(hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人正在做某事)
2.Nick sees an apple dropping from the tree.尼克看見蘋果正在從樹上掉下來。(see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在做某事)
但需要告訴孩子們的是,這些感官動詞后面接V-ing表示的是“正在……”;后面也可以接“動詞原形”,表示的是“整個過程”。如,
1.I felt somebody touch me.我感覺某個人碰了我一下。(feel sb. do sth. 感覺某人做了某事)
2.I saw Jack put his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.我看見湯姆把他的鑰匙放進了鎖里,轉(zhuǎn)動它,然后打開了。(see sb. do sth. 看見某人做了某事)
案例二:短語有無定冠詞the的差異
五年級下冊 Unit 4 Seeing the doctor, Car-
toon time的主要內(nèi)容是Bobby在醫(yī)院做義工。Monkey, Rabbit, Elephant來看病,Bobby都用了綁繃帶的方式進行了處理。其中的hospital前面都有定冠詞the:
Bobby helps in the hospital. 波比在醫(yī)院幫忙(做義工)。
Giraffe comes to the hospital. 長頸鹿來到了醫(yī)院。
六年級上冊Unit 6 Keep our city clean, Cartoon time講述了在放學途中,Bobby一遍和Tina談論自己喜歡城市生活的理由,一邊卻亂丟香蕉皮破壞城市環(huán)境,導致后面Billy滑了一跤。這里的hospital前面卻沒有定冠詞the:
Billy goes to hospital. 比利去醫(yī)院。
當有孩子質(zhì)疑“hospital前面,為什么有時有the,有時沒有the”的時侯,筆者適時滲透了初中的一些知識點,如:
1.in hospital住院; in the hospital在醫(yī)院
2.at school在上學; at the school在學校
案例三:a little/little & a few/few
六年級下冊Unit 3 A healthy diet, Story time目標之一是正確使用a few和a little這兩個詞在意思上相近,都表示肯定含義,修飾或指代比some(一些)少的數(shù)量。不同的是,a few和可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“幾個”,如a few apples, a few vegetables;而a little與不可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“一點兒”“少許”,如,a little rice, a little water.教材中的句子是這樣的:
He has a few eggs every week.他每周吃幾個雞蛋。
She only drinks a little rice. 她只吃一點點米飯。
在學生已經(jīng)熟練地掌握了a few和a little的用法后,筆者嘗試補充了few和little的用法。這兩個詞都表示否定含義。不同的是,few和可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“沒幾個”;而little和不可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“很少”,如:
1.He has few friends. 他朋友很少。
The film is not interesting. Few people like it. 電影無趣,沒幾個人喜歡。
2.We had little time to do it. 我們沒什么時間做此事。
The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 這個小男孩很忙,他很少有時間玩。
總之,小學英語是一門趣味學科,而小學英語教學是富有智慧的教學,它需要我們在生活中不斷嘗試,在實踐中不斷摸索,這樣才能使我們的課堂熠熠生輝,真正實現(xiàn)中小學英語教學的連續(xù)性和一體化。