宋昔蘭++余霞輝++王曦輝
[摘要] 目的 探討血清磷脂酶A2(PLA2)水平對阿奇霉素序貫療法治療兒童支原體肺炎效果的影響。 方法 選取2015年6月~2016年12月崇州市人民醫(yī)院兒科診治的84例支原體肺炎患兒為研究對象,測定血清PLA2的變化水平,以PLA2中位數(shù)為分界值,將患兒分為高PLA2組和低PLA2組,每組各42例。比較阿奇霉素序貫治療不同水平PLA2組間患兒的臨床效果。 結(jié)果 低PLA2組患兒治療總有效率為95.24%,顯著高于高PLA2組(78.57%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05);低PLA2組氣喘、咳嗽、高燒、肺啰音癥狀改善時間均顯著短于高PLA2組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01);低PLA2組與高PLA2組總體不良反應率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 低PLA2水平支原體肺炎患兒予以阿奇霉素治療可取得較好的臨床效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 阿奇霉素;磷脂酶A2;兒童支原體肺炎;臨床效果
[中圖分類號] R726 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)06(b)-0058-04
Effect of serum phospholipase A2 levels on Azithromycin sequential therapy for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia
SONG Xilan YU Xiahui WANG Xihui
Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Chongzhou, Sichuan Province, Chongzhou 611230, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on Azithromycin sequential therapy for children wiht Mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods 84 cases with Mycoplasma pneumonia were recruited from June 2015 to December 2016 in Pediatrics Department of People's Hospital of Chongzhou. The changes of serum PLA2 were measured. The patients were divided into high/low PLA2 groups according to the median values of PLA2. The clinical efficacy of Azithromycin sequential therapy for Mycoplasma pneumonia was compared between different PLA2 levels groups. Results The overall effective rate of low PLA2 group was 95.24%, which was significantly higher than that in high PLA2 group (78.57%), with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The improved time of asthma, cough, fever, pulmonary rales symptom in low PLA2 group were significantly shorter than those in high PLA2 group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in overall adverse reaction rate between low PLA2 group and high PLA2 group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Azithromycin treatment for Mycoplasma pneumonia in children can get better effect in patients with low PLA2 levels.
[Key words] Azithromycin; Phospholipase A2; Mycoplasma pneumonia in children; Clinical effects
兒童支原體肺炎(MPP)是兒科常見的一種呼吸道疾病,其發(fā)病機制較為復雜,主要由肺炎支原體引起,病情嚴重者可因多器官衰竭而死亡,嚴重危害兒童的身體健康和生命安全[1]。因此,積極早期診斷和治療具有重要意義。血清磷脂酶A2(PLA2)是炎性反應中的一種重要酶類,在兒童MPP中存在異常表達,且其血清水平與兒童MPP的臨床療效密切相關(guān)[2]。目前,臨床主要采用藥物治療兒童MPP,阿奇霉素屬于大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類抗菌藥物,由于其對支原體和衣原體的顯著抑制作用,目前已成為國內(nèi)治療兒童MPP的首選藥物[3]。本研究以崇州市人民醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)兒科診治的84例支原體肺炎患兒為研究對象,深入探討血清PLA2水平對阿奇霉素治療兒童MPP臨床效果的影響,現(xiàn)報道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年6月~2016年12月我院兒科診治的84例支原體肺炎患兒為研究對象,其中,男45例,女39例;年齡2~10歲,平均(6.24±0.48)歲;病程1~8 d,平均(3.15±0.23)d。納入標準:①經(jīng)X線、血清檢測確診為支原體肺炎;②年齡1~10周歲;③入院前3個月內(nèi)無肺部炎癥史;④依從性良好,患兒家長均簽署知情同意書。排除標準:①抗生素等藥物過敏者;②入院前自主服用抗生素等治療者;③有嚴重的心、肺、肝、腎等功能不全者;④伴有哮喘、變異性鼻炎等呼吸道疾病者;⑤中途退出治療或臨床數(shù)據(jù)不全者。
1.2 血清PLA2水平檢測
采集患兒治療前清晨空腹靜脈血3 mL,3500 r/min離心10 min取上清液待檢,-80℃保存。采用雙抗體夾心ELISA法檢測血清PLA2指標水平,試劑盒購自于上海華大基因,操作時嚴格按照說明書進行。
1.3 分組情況
所有患兒血清PLA2水平范圍為92.51~148.93 ng/mL,平均(131.55±10.26)ng/mL。以PLA2測定值的中位數(shù)124.63 ng/mL為分界值,將患兒分為高PLA2組和低PLA2組,每組各42例。
1.4 方法
對所有患兒采用止咳、化痰、退熱等MPP的常規(guī)對癥處理方法,并在對癥處理基礎上采用阿奇霉素序貫療法。首先采用靜脈滴注方式給予患兒阿奇霉素(海南利能康泰制藥有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號00116 0418),10 mg/(kg·d),每日1次,連續(xù)治療5 d;停藥4 d后給予口服阿奇霉素[葵花藥業(yè)集團(衡水)得菲爾有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號001160107],10 mg/(kg·d),每日1次,連續(xù)治療3 d。全部治療停止1周后復查胸部X線片。
1.5 療效評估
①治愈:癥狀、體征及胸部X線片均正常,炎癥物質(zhì)基本吸收,發(fā)熱和咳嗽等癥狀都基本消失;②有效:主要臨床癥狀緩解,咳嗽、肺部啰音明顯緩解,炎癥物質(zhì)部分吸收;③無效:癥狀、體征無好轉(zhuǎn),或病情加重,炎癥物質(zhì)無吸收??傆行剩?)=(治愈+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。同時詳細記錄治療過程中不良反應發(fā)生情況。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 血清PLA2水平對阿奇霉素總體療效的影響
低PLA2組患兒治療總有效率為95.24%,明顯高于高PLA2組的78.57%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 血清PLA2水平對阿奇霉素治療后患兒臨床癥狀指標改善的影響
低PLA2組氣喘、咳嗽、高燒、肺啰音癥狀改善時間均顯著短于高PLA2組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。見表2。
2.3 不良反應情況
低PLA2組患兒治療總體不良反應率低于高PLA2組,但差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。
3 討論
MPP是指由肺炎支原體引起的呼吸道感染,高發(fā)于小兒[4]。肺炎支原體是小兒呼吸道感染最常見的一種病原微生物,它介于細菌和病毒之間,以飛沫傳播為主,高發(fā)于秋末和冬初[5]。兒童MPP主要表現(xiàn)為上呼吸道感染、肺炎、支氣管炎等,但也有部分患兒無上述特異臨床表現(xiàn),可能因為兒童MPP具有一定的潛伏期[6]。兒童MPP病情較為嚴重,感染肺炎支原體病原菌后,體內(nèi)細胞介導的免疫反應會增強[7-8],由此可導致呼吸系統(tǒng)損害、肺外多器官和系統(tǒng)的損傷,若治療不及時,還可出現(xiàn)支氣管擴張、肺間質(zhì)纖維化等肺部并發(fā)癥和后遺癥[9-10]。目前,臨床常采用抗生素治療來減輕患兒的病情和降低其并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率[11]。阿奇霉素是目前治療兒童MPP的首選藥物,它屬于大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類抗生素,相比第一代大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類抗生素紅霉素具有更好的穩(wěn)定性、更低的消化道不良反應率,對肝功能和胃腸道功能影響更小,細胞內(nèi)和組織中濃度更高,體內(nèi)分布更廣,對細菌蛋白質(zhì)合成抑制作用更強,細胞膜穿透性更強[12-14],基于此,本研究選擇阿奇霉素對MPP患兒進行治療,取得了較好的臨床效果,與多數(shù)學者的報道相符[13-14]。
PLA2作為炎性反應的重要限速酶,對應激和炎性反應均起到了舉足輕重的作用[15]。且研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PLA2與呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的發(fā)病、進展密切相關(guān)[16-18]。文獻報道,MPP患兒血清PLA2表達水平顯著高于健康兒童,且與患兒病情的嚴重程度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系[19]。PLA2水平在一定程度上還可作為預測兒童MPP預后的參考指標[20-22]。本研究采用ELISA法測定了MPP患兒血清PLA2水平,并以測定中位數(shù)為分界值將患兒分為兩組,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),低PLA2組患兒治療總有效率明顯高于高PLA2組(P < 0.05),而且,低PLA2組氣喘、咳嗽、高燒、肺啰音癥狀改善時間均顯著短于高PLA2組(P < 0.05)。該結(jié)果一方面表明,PLA2水平越高,阿奇霉素的臨床效果較差。另一方面,還提示MPP患兒PLA2水平存在一定差異,且這種差異對阿奇霉素療效的發(fā)揮具有一定的限制作用。
綜上所述,PLA2水平對阿奇霉素治療兒童MPP臨床療效有顯著影響,其中,低PLA2水平MPP患兒予以阿奇霉素治療效果佳。但由于研究納入的樣本量有限,觀察周期較短,且未考慮其他使用聯(lián)合藥物對阿奇霉素療效的影響,故研究結(jié)論仍有一定的局限性,亟待后續(xù)多中心臨床試驗或基礎研究加以論證。
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(收稿日期:2017-02-14 本文編輯:程 銘)