肖紅梅+鄒彥+吳小亮
【摘要】 目的:觀察消癌平注射液聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)化療及同步放化療在局部中晚期鼻咽癌治療中的療效觀察。方法:選取局部中晚期鼻咽癌患者60例,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為治療組(消癌平組聯(lián)合放化療組)30例和對照組(單純放化療組)30例,兩組治療前均未行過化療、放療、免疫治療及中醫(yī)中藥治療等。觀察治療結(jié)束后兩組腫瘤病灶變化情況、皮膚及口腔黏膜反應(yīng)、骨髓抑制程度和肝腎功能情況。結(jié)果:治療結(jié)束12個(gè)月后復(fù)查,治療組完全緩解率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);且骨髓抑制較對照組輕(P<0.05),其他毒副評價(jià)相當(dāng)。結(jié)論:消癌平注射液聯(lián)合放化療治療中晚期鼻咽癌具有增效、減毒作用,值得進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 消癌平注射液; 鼻咽癌; 誘導(dǎo)化療; 同步放化療
Clinical Observation of Xiaoaiping Combined with Radiation and Chemotherapy in Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC)/XIAO Hong-mei,ZOU Yan,WU Xiao-liang.//Medical Innovation of China,2014,11(28):051-053
【Abstract】 Objective:To observe the outcome of combining Xiaoaiping injection treatment with inducing chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy on locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer.Method:60 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were select, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: one group of 30 patients were treated with Xiaoaiping combined with inducing chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (the treatment group), and the other group of 30 patients was treated solely with inducing chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (the control group). The two groups before treatment had not been done chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and Chinese medicine treatment, etc. The changes of the tumor after treatment, the reaction of skin and mucous membrane of mouth, bone marrow inhibition degree, liver and kidney function were observed.Result:Checked over 12 mon ths after treatment, complete response rate of the treatment group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), bone marrow suppression was lighter than the control group(P<0.05), the other side evaluation were fairly.Conclusion:Xiaoaiping unites radiation and chemotherapy can increase the curative effect of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, to reduce the adverse reaction.
【Key words】 Xiaoaiping injection; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Induction chemotherapy; Chemoradiation
First-authors address:Zunyi Medical College Affiliated Tumor Hospital,Zunyi 563000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.28.018
鼻咽癌是頭頸部常見的惡性腫瘤之一,放射治療是其主要治療方法。但因鼻咽癌癥狀缺乏典型性容易與其他良性病變混淆,故很多患者確診時(shí)已屬局部晚期,這類患者大多數(shù)需行誘導(dǎo)化療聯(lián)合同步放化療提高療效,但該治療模式在提高療效的同時(shí)也增加了毒副反應(yīng),嚴(yán)重者需調(diào)整治療方案更甚者可能中斷治療影響療效。本文通過探討消癌平注射液聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)化療及同步放化療在局部晚期鼻咽癌的臨床療效及毒副反應(yīng)情況,觀察消癌平注射液在治療局部晚期鼻咽癌的增效、減毒的療效。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 將60例Ⅲ~Ⅳa期的鼻咽癌患者按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組各30例。治療組男21例,女9例,給予消癌平注射液聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)化療及同步放化療。對照組男22例,女8例,除治療期間除不使用消癌平注射液外,其余治療方式同治療組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)所有病例均經(jīng)鼻咽部活檢病理確診;(2)病理為鱗狀細(xì)胞癌或未分化癌;(3)依據(jù)2008分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為局部晚期鼻咽癌(Ⅲ~Ⅳa期);(4)性別不限,年齡<60歲;(5)KPS評分>70;(5)所有患者均為首次治療。endprint
1.2 方法
1.2.1 治療組 首先予消癌平注射液40 mL加入5%葡萄糖液500 mL中靜滴,第1~10天,1個(gè)月重復(fù)1次至放療結(jié)束。誘導(dǎo)化療方案:紫杉醇145 mg/m2,d 1+奈達(dá)鉑80 mg/m2,d 2,21 d 1個(gè)療程,消癌平及誘導(dǎo)化療均行2個(gè)程治療后開始行同步放化療,同步放化療開始時(shí)按時(shí)間間隔進(jìn)行消癌平注射液治療,方法同前。同步化療用奈達(dá)鉑40 mg/m2,從放療當(dāng)日開始每周一次至放療結(jié)束。放療:兩組的放療方法,手段及劑量相同(鼻咽部70 Gy,頸部轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)66 Gy,頸部高危區(qū)預(yù)防量60 Gy,頸部低危區(qū)預(yù)防量50 Gy)。
1.2.2 對照組 除治療期間不使用消癌平注射液以外其余同治療組。兩組均于治療結(jié)束后3、6、12個(gè)月進(jìn)行療效評價(jià)及毒副反應(yīng)對比。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1 臨床療效評價(jià) 放療結(jié)束后3、6、12個(gè)月行鼻咽部MRI及頸部MRI或頸部CT檢查評價(jià)腫瘤病灶變化情況,并參照WHO實(shí)體瘤療效評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分為CR(完全緩解)、PR(部分緩解)、SD(穩(wěn)定)、PD(進(jìn)展),總有效(RR)=CR+PR。
1.3.2 毒副作用的評價(jià) 按照美國腫瘤放射治療協(xié)會(huì)(RTOG)的急性放射損傷分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對治療期間毒副反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分級,分為0~4級。治療期間每周檢測血常規(guī)和肝腎功能,觀察骨髓抑制和肝腎功能變化情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn)、秩和檢驗(yàn)比較,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組臨床療效的比較 在治療后3、6、12個(gè)月,兩組RR均為100%,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),均未出現(xiàn)進(jìn)展病例;治療后6個(gè)月,治療組的CR例數(shù)較對照組增加。治療后12個(gè)月,治療組CR為60%(18/30),對照組為37%(11/30),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 兩組臨床療效的比較
組別 時(shí)間 CR(例) PR(例) SD(例) PD(例) RR(%)
治療組(n=30) 3個(gè)月 2 28 0 0 100
6個(gè)月 9 21 0 0 100
12個(gè)月 18* 12* 0 0 100
對照組(n=30) 3個(gè)月 3 27 0 0 100
6個(gè)月 6 24 0 0 100
12個(gè)月 11 19 0 0 100
*與對照組比較,P<0.05
2.2 兩組毒副反應(yīng)的比較 兩組在治療期間主要的不良反應(yīng)為放射性口腔黏膜反應(yīng)、頸部皮膚反應(yīng)、骨髓抑制、消化道反應(yīng)、肝功能損害,但均未出現(xiàn)因嚴(yán)重毒副反應(yīng)而中斷治療的病例。兩組均出現(xiàn)放射性口腔及皮膚反應(yīng),發(fā)生率均為100%,其發(fā)生率及程度上均無明顯差異(P>0.05)。骨髓抑制主要表現(xiàn)在白細(xì)胞下降,治療組15例(50%),對照組25例(83%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組治療期間均出現(xiàn)不同程度血色素及血小板下降,但無重度患者,且兩組無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。胃腸道反應(yīng)上,治療組惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率為37%,低于對照組的43%,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療組肝功能損害3例(10%),對照組2例(7%),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),兩組病例均未出現(xiàn)重度肝功能損害,見表2。
3 討論
遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移和局部復(fù)發(fā)是局部晚期鼻咽癌治療失敗的主要原因,患者的5年生存率只有15%~45%[1-2]。很多研究均在致力于提高局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的局部控制率和生存率。有研究證實(shí),晚期鼻咽癌患者使用新輔助化療+同步放化療有助于改善其無進(jìn)展生存率和/或總生存率[3]。在已有的Ⅱ期研究顯示誘導(dǎo)化療+同步化放療的方案在中晚期鼻咽癌患者中可取得良好效果[4-6]。但該治療模式在提高生存率的同時(shí),并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率也明顯升高。NPC-9901實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)道同步化放療組不僅急性反應(yīng)增加(84%vs53%,P<0.01),晚期毒性反應(yīng)也明顯增加[7]。對于中晚期鼻咽癌在提高局部控制率及生存率的同時(shí)減輕放化療的毒性反應(yīng),提高患者的順從性完成治療也成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。
消癌平是從烏骨藤中提取、純化而成的中藥制劑,內(nèi)含多糖、生物堿、皂苷、綠原酸、硒等多種有效成分,有消炎平喘、利尿、抗癌等作用[8]。周丹等[9]以18、9、4.5 g生藥/kg劑量給小鼠予消癌平片灌胃,發(fā)現(xiàn)對小鼠體內(nèi)移植的S180、胃癌、P338有明顯抑制作用。趙曉興等[10]報(bào)道,用消癌平治療各種晚期惡性腫瘤42例,總有效率為23.8%(10/42),緩解率為7.1%(3/42),表明消癌平對晚期惡性腫瘤有一定療效,且無嚴(yán)重毒副作用。
在對消癌平注射液聯(lián)合放化療與單純放化療治療局部晚期鼻咽癌的療效對比中,觀察到在治療結(jié)束6個(gè)月時(shí)治療組CR患者已較對照組出現(xiàn)增加趨勢,在治療結(jié)束12個(gè)月后,治療組CR病例明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);在毒副反應(yīng)方面,主要表現(xiàn)在治療組白細(xì)胞下降的程度明顯低于對照組(P<0.05),其他的毒副反應(yīng)相當(dāng)??傊?,治療組中加入消癌平注射液使誘導(dǎo)化療聯(lián)合同步放化療在中晚期鼻咽癌治療中的療效有所提高,并降低了骨髓抑制的毒副反應(yīng),減弱了該治療模式所致的毒副反應(yīng),可作為中晚期鼻咽癌的常用輔助用藥,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。因本組病例數(shù)相對較少,隨訪時(shí)間較短,仍需進(jìn)一步加大樣本數(shù)量及長期隨訪,以驗(yàn)證消癌平注射液聯(lián)合放化療治療局部中晚期鼻咽癌對提高局部控制率及毒副反應(yīng)的影響。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Mould R F,Tai T H.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: treatments and outcomes in the 20th century[J].Br J Radiol,2002,75(4):307-339.endprint
[2]嚴(yán)潔華,徐國鎮(zhèn).鼻咽癌[M].殷蔚伯,谷銑之,主編.腫瘤放射治療學(xué).第3版.北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,2002:537-573.
[3] Rischin D,Corry J,Smith J,et al.Excellent disease control and survival in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiation[J].J Clin Oncol,2002,20(12):1845-1852.
[4] Chan A T,Ma B,Lo D,et al.Phase Ⅱ study of neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: therapeutic monitoring with plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA[J].J Clin Oncol,2004,22(15):3053-3060.
[5] Al-Amro A,Al-Rajhi N,Khafaga Y,et al.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemo-radiation therapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Int J Radiat Oncol BiolPhys,2005,62(2):508-513.
[6] Hui E P,Ma B,Leung S F,et al.Randomized phaseⅡtrial of concurrent cisplatin-radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant docetaxel and cisplatin in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(2):242-249.
[7] Lee A W,Lau W H,Tung S Y,et al.Preliminary results of a randomized study on therapeutic gain by concurrent chemotherapy for regionally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: NPC-9901 trial by the Hong Kong nasopharyngeal cancer study group[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(28):6966-6975.
[8]王志良,樊青霞,范魁生.消癌平臨床療效觀察[J].河南醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1994,29(1):79-80.
[9]周丹,韓大慶,劉偉,等.消癌平片抗腫瘤作用研究[J].吉林中醫(yī)藥,2002,22(1):57-58.
[10]趙曉興,李格來.消癌平治療晚期惡性腫瘤42例療效及毒性臨床觀察[J].河南腫瘤學(xué)雜志,1993,6(3):215-216.
(收稿日期:2014-03-30) (本文編輯:蔡元元)endprint
[2]嚴(yán)潔華,徐國鎮(zhèn).鼻咽癌[M].殷蔚伯,谷銑之,主編.腫瘤放射治療學(xué).第3版.北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,2002:537-573.
[3] Rischin D,Corry J,Smith J,et al.Excellent disease control and survival in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiation[J].J Clin Oncol,2002,20(12):1845-1852.
[4] Chan A T,Ma B,Lo D,et al.Phase Ⅱ study of neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: therapeutic monitoring with plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA[J].J Clin Oncol,2004,22(15):3053-3060.
[5] Al-Amro A,Al-Rajhi N,Khafaga Y,et al.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemo-radiation therapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Int J Radiat Oncol BiolPhys,2005,62(2):508-513.
[6] Hui E P,Ma B,Leung S F,et al.Randomized phaseⅡtrial of concurrent cisplatin-radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant docetaxel and cisplatin in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(2):242-249.
[7] Lee A W,Lau W H,Tung S Y,et al.Preliminary results of a randomized study on therapeutic gain by concurrent chemotherapy for regionally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: NPC-9901 trial by the Hong Kong nasopharyngeal cancer study group[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(28):6966-6975.
[8]王志良,樊青霞,范魁生.消癌平臨床療效觀察[J].河南醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1994,29(1):79-80.
[9]周丹,韓大慶,劉偉,等.消癌平片抗腫瘤作用研究[J].吉林中醫(yī)藥,2002,22(1):57-58.
[10]趙曉興,李格來.消癌平治療晚期惡性腫瘤42例療效及毒性臨床觀察[J].河南腫瘤學(xué)雜志,1993,6(3):215-216.
(收稿日期:2014-03-30) (本文編輯:蔡元元)endprint
[2]嚴(yán)潔華,徐國鎮(zhèn).鼻咽癌[M].殷蔚伯,谷銑之,主編.腫瘤放射治療學(xué).第3版.北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,2002:537-573.
[3] Rischin D,Corry J,Smith J,et al.Excellent disease control and survival in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiation[J].J Clin Oncol,2002,20(12):1845-1852.
[4] Chan A T,Ma B,Lo D,et al.Phase Ⅱ study of neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: therapeutic monitoring with plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA[J].J Clin Oncol,2004,22(15):3053-3060.
[5] Al-Amro A,Al-Rajhi N,Khafaga Y,et al.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemo-radiation therapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Int J Radiat Oncol BiolPhys,2005,62(2):508-513.
[6] Hui E P,Ma B,Leung S F,et al.Randomized phaseⅡtrial of concurrent cisplatin-radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant docetaxel and cisplatin in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(2):242-249.
[7] Lee A W,Lau W H,Tung S Y,et al.Preliminary results of a randomized study on therapeutic gain by concurrent chemotherapy for regionally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: NPC-9901 trial by the Hong Kong nasopharyngeal cancer study group[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(28):6966-6975.
[8]王志良,樊青霞,范魁生.消癌平臨床療效觀察[J].河南醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1994,29(1):79-80.
[9]周丹,韓大慶,劉偉,等.消癌平片抗腫瘤作用研究[J].吉林中醫(yī)藥,2002,22(1):57-58.
[10]趙曉興,李格來.消癌平治療晚期惡性腫瘤42例療效及毒性臨床觀察[J].河南腫瘤學(xué)雜志,1993,6(3):215-216.
(收稿日期:2014-03-30) (本文編輯:蔡元元)endprint