摘要:目的 探究強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎患者外周血中Toll樣受體4(TLR4)、Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶3(JAK3)基因表達(dá)與輔助性T細(xì)胞17(Th17)/調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)失衡的關(guān)系。方法 101例AS患者(AS組)按照AS疾病活動(dòng)指數(shù)(BASDAI)評(píng)分分為AS穩(wěn)定期(ASS)組(<4分)42例、AS活動(dòng)期(ASA)組(≥4分)59例,另選同期于本院體檢健康者為健康組50例。熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PBMC)中TLR4、JAK3 mRNA表達(dá),檢測(cè)血清Th17、Treg細(xì)胞比例,并計(jì)算Th17/Treg比值。結(jié)果 AS組外周血PBMC中TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA表達(dá)高于健康組(P<0.05)。AS組外周血Th17比例及Th17/Treg高于健康組,Treg比例低于健康組(P<0.05)。較高水平TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA及Th17為AS的危險(xiǎn)因素,較高水平Treg為AS保護(hù)因素。AS患者TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA分別與Th17比例及Th17/Treg呈正相關(guān),與Treg比例呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 AS患者PBMC中TLR4、JAK3基因呈高表達(dá)且Th17/Treg呈失衡狀態(tài),TLR4、JAK3基因高表達(dá)與AS患者Th17/Treg失衡密切相關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞:脊柱炎,強(qiáng)直性;單核細(xì)胞;Toll樣受體4;Janus激酶3;Th17/Treg失衡
中圖分類號(hào):R743.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20240195
The relationship between TLR4, JAK3 gene expression and Th17/Treg imbalance in peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
ZHANG Zhiqiang ,WANG Weiwei, DONG Tengjing, LIAN Hongkai△
Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
△Corresponding Authtor E-mail: 819475487@qq.com
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Janus protein tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) genes and the imbalance of helper T cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A total of 101 AS patients were selected as the AS group. According to the AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score, patients were divided into the AS stable phase (ASS) group (<4 points, 42 cases) and the AS active phase (ASA) group (≥ 4 points, 59 cases). Additionally, 50 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group (health group). Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of TLR4 and JAK3 in PBMCs, and the proportion of serum Th17 and Treg was measured and Th17/Treg levels were calculated. Results The levels of TLR4 mRNA and JAK3 mRNA in PBMCs of peripheral blood were higher in the AS group than those in the health group (P<0.05). The levels of Th17, proportion and Th17/Treg in peripheral blood were higher in the AS group than those of the health group (P<0.05). Higher levels of TLR4 mRNA, JAK3 mRNA, Th17, and Th17/Treg were risk factors for AS, while higher level of Treg was protective factors for AS. TLR4 mRNA and JAK3 mRNA in AS patients were positively correlated with Th17 ratio and Th17/Treg ratio, and negatively correlated with Treg ratio (P<0.05). Conclusion TLR4 and JAK3 genes are highly expressed and Th17/Treg is unbalanced in PBMC of AS patients. The high expression of TLR4 and JAK3 genes is closely related to Th17/Treg imbalance in AS patients.
Key words: spondylitis, ankylosing; monocytes; Toll-like receptor 4; Janus kinase 3; Th17/Treg imbalance
強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(AS)為一種慢性自身免疫炎癥性疾病,以中軸關(guān)節(jié)受累為主,累及脊柱骨樣突、骶髂關(guān)節(jié)、脊柱旁軟組織等,可致脊柱和關(guān)節(jié)強(qiáng)直、周圍關(guān)節(jié)病變[1-2]。AS多發(fā)于中青年男性,按照活動(dòng)度可分為AS穩(wěn)定期(ASS)、AS活動(dòng)期(ASA)。目前,有關(guān)AS的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡明,多認(rèn)為與遺傳、環(huán)境、免疫異常、炎癥反應(yīng)等多種因素有關(guān),其中炎癥免疫反應(yīng)發(fā)揮重要作用[3-4]。研究顯示,CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞中的新亞群輔助性T細(xì)胞17(Th17細(xì)胞)有抗炎作用,同時(shí)其可輔助調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg細(xì)胞)發(fā)揮抑炎作用,Th17/Treg失衡會(huì)促進(jìn)AS的發(fā)生發(fā)展[5]。另有研究顯示,CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群失衡在AS的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起關(guān)鍵作用,其中Th17、Treg細(xì)胞亞群作用最為明顯,前者主要參與局部微環(huán)境炎癥反應(yīng),后者可調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體特異性免疫抑制,AS患者外周血中Th17/Treg處于相對(duì)失衡狀態(tài)[6]。故AS與Th17/Treg失衡互為因果,相互影響。引發(fā)Th17/Treg失衡的原因眾多。有研究認(rèn)為,Toll樣受體4(TLR4)能夠識(shí)別病原相關(guān)分子模式的細(xì)胞表面受體,影響T細(xì)胞的活化[6-7]。Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶(JAK)/轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子(STAT)信號(hào)通路是免疫調(diào)節(jié)中重要的細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路,多種細(xì)胞因子可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)JAK/STAT通路導(dǎo)致T淋巴細(xì)胞免疫功能紊亂,進(jìn)而介導(dǎo)炎癥免疫反應(yīng)的發(fā)生[8]。JAK3基因表達(dá)異常與多種風(fēng)濕免疫性疾病相關(guān),且JAK抑制劑用于AS治療具有較高的可行性與安全性[9]。然而,目前有關(guān)TLR4、JAK3基因表達(dá)與Th17/Treg失衡的關(guān)系研究較少。本研究旨在觀察AS患者外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PBMC)中TLR4、JAK3基因表達(dá),并分析二者與Th17/Treg失衡的相關(guān)性。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2022年1月—12月于鄭州市中心醫(yī)院就診的101例AS患者(AS組)。AS診斷參照文獻(xiàn)[10]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):伴有胸廓活動(dòng)度降低、腰椎活動(dòng)受限及晨僵、腰痛等癥狀,并經(jīng)影像學(xué)檢查而首次確診;年齡18~75歲;入組前3個(gè)月未接受免疫調(diào)節(jié)治療、糖皮質(zhì)激素治療。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并其他結(jié)締組織疾病、感染性疾病與血液系統(tǒng)疾?。话橛行?、腦、肝、腎等重要臟器功能嚴(yán)重不全;存在其他類型風(fēng)濕性疾??;既往有病毒性肝炎、其他自身免疫性疾?。蝗焉锲诨虿溉槠?。另選50例同期于本院體檢健康者為健康組,既往無(wú)AS史且無(wú)AS家族史。2組性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 AS患者分組 入院后,采用AS疾病活動(dòng)指數(shù)(BASDAI)[11]評(píng)估患者疾病活動(dòng)度,總分0~10分,BASDAI評(píng)分<4分為ASS組,BASDAI評(píng)分≥4分為ASA組。
12.2 熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)PBMC中TLR4、JAK3 mRNA表達(dá) 采集AS患者治療前的和健康組體檢當(dāng)日的空腹靜脈血3 mL,F(xiàn)icoll Pague PLUS試劑盒(通用電氣醫(yī)療集團(tuán)生命科學(xué)公司)分離并純化PBMC,Thermo ScientificTM Countess Ⅱ型全自動(dòng)細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)儀(上海輔澤商貿(mào)有限公司)檢測(cè)PBMC總量,磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)稀釋細(xì)胞密度為2×109個(gè)/L。取1份100 μL細(xì)胞懸浮液,用Trizol RNA提取試劑盒(美國(guó)Invitrogen公司)提取總RNA,純化,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(美國(guó)Applied Biosys- tems公司)逆轉(zhuǎn)為cDNA,取等量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行TLR4、JAK3 mRNA熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)。反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃ 50 min;94 ℃ 30 s,57 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃ 5 min,4 ℃ 5 min。引物設(shè)計(jì):TLR4上游5'?ACTTGGACCTTTCCAGCAAC-3',下游5'-TTTAAATGC ACCTGGTTGGA-3';JAK3上游5'-CTCCTTCCGAGCCGTCAT-3',下游5'-CTCCCGCTGAAAGTCCCT-3';β-actin上游5'-GTGG GGCGCCCCAGGCACCA-3',下游5'-CTCCTTAATGTCACGC ACGATTTC-3'。以β-actin作為內(nèi)參,采用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算TLR4、JAK3 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.2.3 外周血Th17、Treg檢測(cè) 采集AS患者治療前、健康組體檢當(dāng)日的空腹靜脈血3 mL,3 000 r/min離心15 min(半徑10 cm),分離血清,采用Easy Cell Auto 204B0型流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)2組外周血中Th17、Treg比例,并計(jì)算Th17/Treg比值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 23.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以[[x] ±s
]表示,2組間比較用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析;Logistic回歸分析影響AS發(fā)生的因素。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例或例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 2組外周血PBMC中TLR4、JAK3基因表達(dá)水平比較 AS組外周血PBMC中TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA表達(dá)水平均高于健康組(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 2組外周血Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg比較 AS組外周血Th17比例及Th17/Treg高于健康組,Treg比例低于健康組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 外周血TLR4、JAK3基因表達(dá)與AS患者Th17/Treg失衡的相關(guān)性 AS患者的TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA與Th17比例(r分別為0.534、0.509)及Th17/Treg(r分別為0.546、0.501)呈正相關(guān)(均P<0.05),與Treg比例呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r分別為-0.579、-0.445,均P<0.05)。
3 討論
Th17細(xì)胞是一類產(chǎn)生IL-17的T輔助細(xì)胞,其在自身免疫反應(yīng)中起到重要作用。Treg細(xì)胞則具有抑制免疫反應(yīng)的功能。AS是一種慢性炎癥性疾病,炎癥介質(zhì)的過(guò)度產(chǎn)生和釋放對(duì)免疫細(xì)胞的分化和功能有著重要影響。研究顯示,健康者體內(nèi)Th17、Treg處于平衡狀態(tài),當(dāng)體內(nèi)細(xì)胞環(huán)境改變時(shí)會(huì)致使Th17/Treg處于失衡狀態(tài),促進(jìn)自身免疫性疾病進(jìn)展[12]。近年來(lái)有研究認(rèn)為,外周血Th17細(xì)胞比例的增加所致的Th17/Treg失衡可能在AS的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起重要作用[13]。AS患者Th17細(xì)胞水平顯著高于健康者,而Treg細(xì)胞水平顯著低于健康者[14]。研究認(rèn)為,隨著AS的活動(dòng)性增加,Th17/Treg失衡愈發(fā)明顯[15-16]。本研究結(jié)果亦證實(shí),AS組外周血Th17及Th17/Treg高于健康組,Treg比例低于健康組,提示臨床應(yīng)采取有效措施糾正Th17/Treg失衡,可在一定程度上改善患者預(yù)后。
TLR4是膜蛋白家族成員之一,在識(shí)別配體后經(jīng)由MyD88依賴性與非依賴性傳導(dǎo)通路介導(dǎo)κ基因結(jié)合核因子(nuclear factor-κ-gene binding,NF-κB)活化,激活胞內(nèi)信號(hào)通路,致多種炎性因子與黏性因子大量合成與釋放,從而加重炎癥反應(yīng)[17]。JAK/STAT3信號(hào)通路可由促炎細(xì)胞因子觸發(fā),廣泛參與細(xì)胞凋亡、細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥反應(yīng)等過(guò)程。JAK家族包括JAK1、JAK2、JAK3等,其中JAK3高表達(dá)于造血組織,其缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致T淋巴細(xì)胞參與的促炎、抗炎功能紊亂,從而導(dǎo)致機(jī)體免疫功能失衡[18]。另外,TLR4激活還可以通過(guò)促進(jìn)白細(xì)胞介素6、重組人白細(xì)胞介素-1β等炎性因子的產(chǎn)生,進(jìn)一步影響Th17和Treg細(xì)胞的分化和功能[19]。本研究結(jié)果亦證實(shí),AS組外周血PBMC中TLR4 、JAK3表達(dá)水平高于健康組,TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA分別與AS患者Th17比例及Th17/Treg呈正相關(guān),與AS患者Treg比例呈負(fù)相關(guān),表明TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA高表達(dá)會(huì)導(dǎo)致Th17/Treg失衡,進(jìn)而引起AS。Logistic回歸分析顯示,較高水平TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA及Th17均為AS的危險(xiǎn)因素。相關(guān)研究亦認(rèn)為,JAK3過(guò)度表達(dá)與Th17/Treg失衡高度相關(guān)[20]。
綜上所述,AS患者外周血PBMC中TLR4、JAK3基因呈高表達(dá)且Th17/Treg呈失衡狀態(tài),TLR4、JAK3基因高表達(dá)與AS患者Th17/Treg失衡密切相關(guān)。
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(2024-02-18收稿 2024-05-08修回)
(本文編輯 陸榮展)
作者單位:鄭州市中心醫(yī)院骨科(郵編450000)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:張志強(qiáng)(1983),男,副主任中醫(yī)師,主要從事骨科方面研究。E-mail:2997184472@qq.com
△通信作者 E-mail:819475487@qq.com