◆周燕華
單項填空對從句的考查側重關系詞、連接詞的選擇,做題時要學會作以下幾個判斷:
判斷題干是否包含從句很簡單,就是找句中有幾個動詞。如果題干中有兩個動詞,但只有一個體現(xiàn)了謂語特征的話,該句不含從句;如果題干有兩個動詞,且兩個都體現(xiàn)了謂語特征,但句中有并列連詞and、but、or的話,該句為并列句;如果題干中有兩個動詞,且兩個都是作謂語,又沒有看到and、but、or,我們就可以判斷其中含有從句了。
【考題】1.I arrived at the foot of the mountain, and in front of ___________ lay a stream.
A.where B.which
C.one D.it
2.The old lady is said to have three children,two of ___________ studying abroad.
A.whom B.them
C.all D.who
3.Many young people, most ___________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.of which B.of them
C.of whom D.of those
【解析】題干1有兩個謂語動詞arrived和lay,但同時也有連詞and,故為并列句,不含從句,空格處需要代詞作主語,選D。
題干2有兩個動詞,其中is said to為謂語,studying是現(xiàn)在分詞,故后面two of ___________ studying abroad為分詞短語的獨立主格結構,不含從句,選代詞them,答案為B。
題干3有兩個謂語動詞,were和headed,沒有并列連詞,故含從句,選關系代詞,答案為C。
判斷題干中的從句是哪種從句主要看主句的情況,先做一組題。
【考題】4.We live in an age ___________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A.why B.when
C.to whom D.on which
5.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break ___________ she got to her office.
A.since B.that
C.when D.until
6.___________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A.That B.Why
C.Where D.How
【解析】題干4主句語法結構完整,但意義不明確,判斷需要定語從句。因此從句結構完整,所以選關系副詞,結合句意,確定選when,答案為B。
題干5主句語法結構完整,意義也明確,但整個句子的意義不明確,判斷考查狀語從句,根據(jù)句意,選擇when,答案為C。
題干6主句語法結構不完整,is known to the public前面缺少主語,判斷此句包含名詞性從句,結合句意,選擇where,答案為C。
從句語法結構如果不完整,比如說缺少主語、賓語成分,選擇關系代詞或疑問代詞;從句語法結構完整,不缺少主語、賓語的話,則選擇關系副詞或疑問副詞,在從句中充當狀語成分。
【考題】7.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ___________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
1)太陽光源屬于平行光光源,在 ArcGIS三維空間分析工具中,山體陰影工具,模擬的是太陽平行線光源。符合日照分析要求。因此,采用山體陰影工具(Hillshade)進行日照分析。
A.which B.where
C.what D.who
8.Creating an atmosphere ___________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A.as B.whose
C.that D.where
【解析】題干7從句缺少主語,故應選關系代詞,先行詞為atmosphere,故選which,答案為A。
題干8從句結構完整,故應該關系副詞,先行詞為atmosphere,表示地點,故選where,答案為D。
對于“名詞+that”結構,可以嘗試在名詞和that之間加上be動詞,如果能構成一個意思上說得通的句子,則是同位語從句,否則是定語從句。
A.whether B.that
C.which D.what
10.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world _________ each and every corner is a true paradise.
A.that B.which
C.of which D.from where
【解析】題干9中,we should have an assistant即為suggestion的內容,故為同位語從句,從句結構和意義都完整,故選that,答案為B。
題干10 中,我們不能說the world is that each and every is a true paradise(應該是each and every corner of the world is a true paradise),故此處不是同位語從句,而是定語從句,從句結構完整,應選關系副詞,結合句意,選where,答案為A。
要弄清這個問題其實很簡單,抓住一點就好了。我們可以先假定句子是強調句型,把“It is/was ...that”去掉,如果句子意思通順,就是強調句型,如果翻譯不通,可以考慮是否為名詞性從句。
【考題】11.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ___________ the coach picks up tourists.
12.We’ll gather at a hotel.It is the hotel ___________ the coach picks up tourists.
A.who B.which
C.where D.that
13.—I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe ___________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A.this B.that
C.there D.it
【解析】題干11將it is 和空格去掉,句子變?yōu)閠he coach picks up tourists at the hotel,句子結構完整,意義明確,故題干為強調句型,選擇that,答案為D。
題干12將it is和空格去掉,句子變?yōu)閠he hotel和the coach picks up tourists,沒法構成結構和意義都完整的句子,故題干不是強調句型,而是包含了一個定語從句,從句結構完整,故選關系副詞,先行詞為hotel,選表示地點的where,答案為C。
題干13將空格和后面的is、that去掉,句子變?yōu)閚ot how much you read but what you read counts(重要的不是你讀了多少書,而是你讀了些什么書),句子結構和意義都完整,故題干為強調句型,選it,答案為D。