張莉 吳素琴 郭毅
摘要:目的? 研究抗核抗體對(duì)人絨毛膜滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞系HTR8增殖及凋亡的影響。方法? 體外培養(yǎng)HTR8細(xì)胞,使用不同滴度的抗核抗體干預(yù)HTR8細(xì)胞,分為Control組、抗核抗體低濃度組(滴度1∶100)、抗核抗體高濃度組(滴度≥1∶320)。采用CCK-8法檢測各組細(xì)胞增殖水平,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測各組細(xì)胞凋亡,Western blot檢測各組細(xì)胞bcl-2、bax蛋白表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果? 抗核抗體高濃度組細(xì)胞增殖水平低于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);抗核抗體低濃度組細(xì)胞增殖水平與Control組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);抗核抗體低濃度組和抗核抗體高濃度組細(xì)胞凋亡率均高于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);抗核抗體低濃度組和抗核抗體高濃度組bax表達(dá)均高于Control組,bcl-2表達(dá)均低于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論? 抗核抗體通過抑制HTR8細(xì)胞增殖和促進(jìn)其凋亡來抑制滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞發(fā)育,其有可能影響輔助生殖的結(jié)局。
關(guān)鍵詞:抗核抗體;滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞凋亡;細(xì)胞增殖;輔助生殖
Abstract:Objective? To study the effect of antinuclear antibody on the proliferation and apoptosis of human chorionic trophoblast cell line HTR8. Methods? HTR8 cells were cultured in vitro, and different titers of antinuclear antibodies were used to intervene in HTR8 cells. They were divided into Control group, antinuclear antibody low concentration group (titer 1:100), antinuclear antibody high concentration group (titer ≥1:320). The cell proliferation level of each group was detected by CCK-8 method, the apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of bcl-2 and bax protein in each group were detected by Western blot.Results? The cell proliferation level of the anti-nuclear antibody high concentration group was lower than that of the Control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the cell proliferation level of the anti-nuclear antibody low concentration group was not statistically different from the Control group (P>0.05); Apoptosis was higher in the anti-nuclear antibody low concentration group and the anti-nuclear antibody high concentration group than in the Control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); bax expression was high in the anti-nuclear antibody low concentration group and the anti-nuclear antibody high concentration group in the Control group, the expression of bcl-2 was lower than that in the Control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion? Antinuclear antibodies inhibit the development of trophoblast cells by inhibiting the proliferation of HTR8 cells and promoting their apoptosis, which may affect the outcome of assisted reproduction.
Key words:Antinuclear antibody;Trophoblast;Apoptosis;Cell proliferation;Assisted reproduction
體外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization -embryo transplantation,IVF-ET)給不孕不育夫婦帶來了生育的希望。近十年輔助生殖技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,但其成功率僅為30%~40%[1,2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),IVF-ET成功率與胚胎移植早期滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的侵蝕能力密切相關(guān),在胚泡埋入子宮內(nèi)膜植入的過程中,滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞迅速增殖,細(xì)胞滋養(yǎng)層融入合體滋養(yǎng)層完成了胚胎的植入過程,滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞對(duì)胎兒的生長和發(fā)育起了重要的作用[3]。近來生殖免疫學(xué)研究表明,免疫系統(tǒng)失衡是導(dǎo)致移植失敗或流產(chǎn)的重要因素。抗核抗體譜(antinuclear antibody,ANA)包括一系列針對(duì)細(xì)胞核中抗原成分的自身抗體[4],前期研究顯示ANA陽性的輔助生殖助孕患者其成功率較低,在風(fēng)濕免疫科一些患者首發(fā)癥狀是妊娠丟失,而目前關(guān)于ANA和妊娠的相關(guān)性研究較少而且有爭議。因此本研究主要觀察ANA對(duì)細(xì)胞滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞發(fā)育能力的作用,旨在明確ANA對(duì)于輔助生殖的結(jié)局影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1材料與方法
1.1細(xì)胞及試劑? 人HTR8細(xì)胞購于上海富衡生物科技有限公司,胎牛血清購自Excell bio;DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基購自Transgen Biotech公司;胰蛋白酶購自HyClone公司;凋亡試劑盒購自Biolegend;CCK-8購自Solarbio試劑有限公司;Anti-Bcl-2,Anti-Bax購自Bioss。將人HTR8細(xì)胞置于37℃5%的CO2培養(yǎng)箱中,10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素鏈霉素雙抗DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),每天換液,隔日傳代,取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2 CCK8檢測抗核抗體對(duì)HTR8細(xì)胞的增殖作用? 將HTR8細(xì)胞加入96孔培養(yǎng)板,每孔100 μl(5×103/孔),分組如下:①Control組;②抗核抗體低濃度組(滴度1∶100);③抗核抗體高濃度組(滴度≥1∶320)。培養(yǎng)24 h后,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8,37℃ 5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中孵育4 h,酶標(biāo)儀(上海三科儀器有限公司318C)測定450 nm處的吸光度。
1.3流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測抗核抗體對(duì)HTR8細(xì)胞的凋亡作用? 將濃度1×105/ml細(xì)胞接種于6孔培養(yǎng)板,分組同“1.2”,干預(yù)24 h后,收集各孔細(xì)胞,包括培養(yǎng)上清中的細(xì)胞,PBS洗滌,調(diào)節(jié)濃度為1×106/ml,將100 μl細(xì)胞懸液加入流式管,加5 μl FITC-Annexin V和10 μl PI,室溫避光孵育15 min,加400 μl Cell Staining Buffer,流式細(xì)胞儀(Beckman CytoFlex)檢測各組細(xì)胞凋亡。
1.4 Western blot檢測抗核抗體對(duì)HTR8細(xì)胞bax、bcl-2表達(dá)的作用? HTR8細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及分組同“1.2”,干預(yù)24 h后提取各組細(xì)胞總蛋白。采用考馬斯亮藍(lán)法對(duì)總蛋白濃度進(jìn)行測定,蛋白上樣量定為30 μg/孔,進(jìn)行聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE),轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜,一抗(1∶1000)4 ℃孵育過夜,二抗(1∶2000)室溫孵育1 h,洗膜后置于凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)采集圖像,以目的蛋白條帶灰度值/內(nèi)參蛋白條帶灰度值的比值作為蛋白表達(dá)。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理? 數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 16.0和Graphad8.0軟件進(jìn)行分析和作圖,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,各組之間比較采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1抗核抗體對(duì)HTR8細(xì)胞的增殖作用? CCK8檢測顯示,抗核抗體高濃度組細(xì)胞增殖活性低于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);抗核抗體低濃度組細(xì)胞增殖活性與Control組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見圖1。
2.2抗核抗體對(duì)HTR8細(xì)胞的凋亡作用? 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測結(jié)果顯示,抗核抗體低濃度組和高濃度組細(xì)胞凋亡率均高于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見圖2。
2.3抗核抗體對(duì)HTR8細(xì)胞bax、bcl-2表達(dá)的作用? 抗核抗體低濃度組和高濃度組bax表達(dá)均高于Control組,bcl-2表達(dá)均低于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見圖3。
3討論
不孕癥指夫妻有正常性生活、未采取任何避孕措施而未孕達(dá)1年及以上,其發(fā)病率呈明顯上升的趨勢。全世界的不孕患者人數(shù)約為8000萬~1.1億。不孕癥發(fā)病率的遞增趨勢可能與排卵障礙、精液質(zhì)量下降、人工流產(chǎn)、性傳播疾病等相關(guān)[5]。IVF-ET的成功與否和多種因素有關(guān),如年齡、BMI、染色體、卵巢儲(chǔ)備能力、解剖異常、不孕年限、內(nèi)分泌、免疫因素和男性精子質(zhì)量等。自身免疫異常產(chǎn)生的自身抗體和生育能力下降密切相關(guān)[6,7],而且自身抗體與IVF-ET的移植失敗或流產(chǎn)也密切相關(guān),常見的自身抗體包括抗磷脂抗體、抗核抗體、抗甲狀腺抗體等[8,9]。
抗核抗體代表了對(duì)細(xì)胞核內(nèi)三大類抗原物質(zhì)(DNA、組蛋白及非組蛋白)起反應(yīng)的各種自身抗體[4],在系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡、干燥綜合征和其他結(jié)締組織病均有ANA表達(dá),ANA陽性也在相當(dāng)比例的健康人群中存在[10]。目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于ANA與IVF-ET結(jié)局相關(guān)性的研究較少,其相關(guān)性尚存在爭議。國外有研究報(bào)道,復(fù)發(fā)性流產(chǎn)患者中ANA的陽性率為13.21%[11],ANA患者接受IVF-ET技術(shù)后懷孕率降低,同時(shí)ANA還會(huì)降低首次IVF-ET的受孕率,而經(jīng)過強(qiáng)的松和低劑量的阿司匹林治療后,IVF-ET成功率顯著提高[12]。國內(nèi)研究顯示,在ANAs中抗Scl-70和抗PM-Scl抗體陽性降低了IVF-ET的懷孕率,抗Rib P、抗Jo-1和抗dsDNA抗體陽性則大大增加了IVF-ET的早期流產(chǎn)率[13]。抗Scl-70抗體還能抵抗早期的胚胎發(fā)育,其原因被認(rèn)為是抗Scl-70損害了在胚胎早期發(fā)育中起關(guān)鍵作用的DNA拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶[14]。但目前對(duì)于ANA與IVF-ET結(jié)局相關(guān)性的研究僅限于臨床資料分析。
自身抗體可能通過不同的機(jī)制造成滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞發(fā)育障礙、胎盤部位血栓形成,從而導(dǎo)致胚胎丟失[15]。自身抗體還可能阻止RNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄,引起DNA復(fù)制障礙導(dǎo)致胚胎丟失,有研究顯示ANA可能干擾細(xì)胞分裂過程導(dǎo)致胚胎丟失[16]。目前抗磷脂抗體綜合征導(dǎo)致胚胎丟失的機(jī)制研究基本已經(jīng)明確:抗磷脂抗體能通過激活補(bǔ)體、引起消耗性血小板減少等機(jī)制引起滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞發(fā)育障礙,進(jìn)而引起母胎交界處胎盤發(fā)育不良導(dǎo)致胎盤血栓形成,抗磷脂抗體也降低了IVF的成功率,而通過強(qiáng)的松和小劑量阿司匹林的治療明顯提高了IVF的成功率[17,18]。有研究指出,抗磷脂抗體能增加滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的凋亡,影響滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞發(fā)育而導(dǎo)致妊娠丟失[19],而肝素和阿司匹林能夠增加滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞bcl-2的表達(dá),恢復(fù)增殖和分化,增加滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的活力[20]。因此本研究推測抗核抗體對(duì)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞凋亡和增殖的影響對(duì)于IVF-ET后胚胎植入和發(fā)育起著重要的作用,本次研究結(jié)果顯示,抗核抗體高濃度組細(xì)胞增殖水平低于Control組,而抗核抗體低濃度組細(xì)胞增殖水平與Control組比較基本一致;且抗核抗體低濃度組和抗核抗體高濃度組細(xì)胞凋亡率均高于Control組, bax表達(dá)均高于Control組,bcl-2表達(dá)均低于Control組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說明ANA干預(yù)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞后,滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖能力下降,凋亡率增加,而ANA可以促使凋亡bax表達(dá),降低了抗凋亡bcl-2表達(dá),具有抑制滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖,促進(jìn)其凋亡的作用,通過抑制滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞發(fā)育影響IVF-ET結(jié)局。
綜上所述,抗核抗體通過抑制滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖和促進(jìn)其凋亡而降低輔助生殖的結(jié)局。在生殖科采用IVF-ET技術(shù)的患者大多是高齡或長期不孕患者,面臨卵巢儲(chǔ)備下降的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而且IVF-ET費(fèi)用不菲,IVF-ET失敗對(duì)于患者身體、家庭、經(jīng)濟(jì)都是沉重的打擊。今后需尋找逆轉(zhuǎn)抗核抗體作用的藥物,扭轉(zhuǎn)助孕患者免疫失衡,尋求提高ANA陽性患者IVF-ET妊娠成功率的方法。
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收稿日期:2020-04-07;修回日期:2020-04-20
編輯/成森