蔡昕添 朱晴 吳婷
[摘要] 目的 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)水平與類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)的關(guān)系。 方法 在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索已發(fā)表的關(guān)于ADA水平與RA相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn),檢索時(shí)間從建庫至2019年6月1日。中文檢索詞:腺苷脫氨酶、腺苷氨基水解酶、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、類風(fēng)關(guān);英文檢索詞:ADA,Adenosine Deaminase,Adenosine Aminohydrolase,RA,Rheumatoid Arthritis。由2名研究人員獨(dú)立進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)篩選、質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)及數(shù)據(jù)提取,若存在爭(zhēng)議,由雙方協(xié)商或由第三方協(xié)助裁定解決。采用GetData Graph Digitizer 2.22軟件對(duì)入選文獻(xiàn)中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)換提取,Stata 12.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)合并、敏感性分析及發(fā)表偏倚評(píng)估。 結(jié)果 共納入16篇文獻(xiàn),包含病例組784例,對(duì)照組711例。薈萃分析顯示,病例組ADA水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.37,95%CI:1.00~1.74,P < 0.05)。剔除6篇對(duì)薈萃分析結(jié)果影響較大的文獻(xiàn)后,病例組ADA水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.14,95%CI:0.90~1.38,P < 0.05)。Begg檢驗(yàn)與Egger檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果提示研究間不存在明顯發(fā)表偏倚(P = 0.631,0.629)。 結(jié)論 RA患者關(guān)節(jié)滑液及血清中ADA水平較正常人明顯增高,血清及關(guān)節(jié)滑液中ADA水平有望成為診斷、評(píng)估RA病情活動(dòng)的一種重要指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎;腺苷脫氨酶;關(guān)系;薈萃分析
[中圖分類號(hào)] R593.22? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0081-05
[Abstract] Objective To systematically evaluate the association between adenosine deaminase (ADA) level and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Published literatures on the correlation between ADA level and RA in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China national knowledge infrastructure and wanfang database were searched. The retrieval time was from the database construction to June 1, 2019. Chinese keywords were adenosine deaminase, adenosine amino hydrolase, rheumatoid arthritis, wind–lik. English keywords were ADA, Adenosine Deaminase, Adenosine Aminohydrolase, RA, Rheunatoid Arthritis. Two researchers shall independently conduct literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction in accordance. In case of any dispute, both parties shall negotiate or a third party shall assist in adjudication and settlement. GetData Graph Digitizer 2.22 software was used to digitally convert and extract the data in the selected literature and Stata 12.0 software was used to merge the data, sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation were carried out. Results A total of 16 articles were enrolled, including 784 cases in the case group and 711 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that the levels of ADA in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (SMD = 1.37, 95%CI:1.00-1.74, P < 0.05). After the exclusion of 6 literatures with significant influence on the results of meta-analysis, ADA levels in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (SMD = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.90-1.38, P < 0.05). The results of Begg test and Egger test showed that there was no significant publication bias between the studies (P = 0.631, 0.629). Conclusion The levels of ADA in synovial fluid and serum of patients with RA are significantly higher these those of normal people. The levels of ADA in serum and synovial fluid are expected to become an important factor for the diagnosis and evaluation of the disease activity of RA.
[Key words] Rheumatoid arthritis; Adenosine deaminase; Association; Meta-analysis
類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一種以慢性關(guān)節(jié)炎為主要臨床特征的自身免疫性疾病[1-3]。腺苷脫氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)是嘌呤代謝過程中一種重要的酶,被認(rèn)為是細(xì)胞免疫的重要標(biāo)志物[4]。近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)ADA可反映系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡等自身免疫性疾病炎癥狀態(tài)下單核-巨噬細(xì)胞的活性,因而關(guān)于ADA與自身免疫性疾病間相互關(guān)系的研究已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)下研究的熱點(diǎn)[4-5]。但國內(nèi)外關(guān)于ADA與RA相關(guān)性的各項(xiàng)研究差異較大,部分研究認(rèn)為ADA水平與RA發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),另一部分則認(rèn)為兩者間并無顯著相關(guān)[6-7]。且關(guān)于ADA水平與RA病情活動(dòng)程度的研究結(jié)論目前仍存較大爭(zhēng)議[8-9]。因此,為綜合評(píng)估ADA與RA及其疾病活動(dòng)程度之間的關(guān)系,本研究擬通過對(duì)國內(nèi)外公開發(fā)表的有關(guān)ADA水平與RA相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行薈萃分析,綜合評(píng)估研究間異質(zhì)性從而得出一個(gè)更可靠的結(jié)論。
1 資料與方法
1.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索
在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索已發(fā)表的關(guān)于ADA水平與RA相關(guān)性的文獻(xiàn),檢索時(shí)間從建庫至2019年6月1日。中文檢索詞:腺苷脫氨酶、腺苷氨基水解酶、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、類風(fēng)關(guān);英文檢索詞:ADA,Adenosine Deaminase,Adenosine Aminohydrolase,RA,Rheu-matoid Arthritis。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①研究對(duì)象:病例組RA診斷符合1987年美國風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10]或2010年歐洲抗風(fēng)濕病聯(lián)盟診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11];對(duì)照組為非RA人群,包括健康對(duì)照組、骨關(guān)節(jié)炎組等?;顒?dòng)期與非活動(dòng)期評(píng)價(jià)采用DAS28-ESR評(píng)分[12],DAS28-ESR評(píng)分>2.6分為活動(dòng)期。②研究類型:所選文獻(xiàn)為公開發(fā)表的原創(chuàng)性、觀察性研究。③語種限制為中文或英文,且可獲取全文。③測(cè)量指標(biāo):能獲取樣本量、均數(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差或中位數(shù)與四分位數(shù)間距。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①文獻(xiàn)僅為動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)、病例報(bào)告等;②文獻(xiàn)研究設(shè)計(jì)不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)缺失且無法轉(zhuǎn)換與修正。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)篩選與資料提取
2位研究人員獨(dú)立進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)檢索與去重。逐篇閱讀題目、摘要與關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行初篩,對(duì)可能符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)再逐篇全文閱讀。納入文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)提取內(nèi)容主要包括作者姓名、病例組與對(duì)照組ADA水平等。部分研究未直接提供均數(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,而是以散點(diǎn)圖形式表示,采用GetData Graph Digitizer 2.22軟件對(duì)圖中數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)換與提取[13]。如果文章未提供重要的原始數(shù)據(jù),將通過電子郵件聯(lián)系通訊作者而獲取數(shù)據(jù)。所提取信息由雙方交叉、獨(dú)立核對(duì),如存在爭(zhēng)議,由雙方協(xié)商或由第三方協(xié)助裁定解決。
1.3 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
采用渥太華量表(NOS)[14]對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。評(píng)分項(xiàng)由8項(xiàng)構(gòu)成,滿分為9分,≥6分視為較高質(zhì)量研究,<6分視為低研究質(zhì)量。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用Stata 12.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。所納入研究的測(cè)量指標(biāo)均為連續(xù)性變量但對(duì)于ADA的測(cè)量方法與計(jì)量單位不盡相同,因此效應(yīng)指標(biāo)采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化均數(shù)差(SMD),各效應(yīng)量均計(jì)算95%置信區(qū)間(CI)。當(dāng)I2≤50%時(shí)可認(rèn)為其異質(zhì)性較低,當(dāng)I2>50%時(shí)則認(rèn)為其異質(zhì)性較高。當(dāng)P > 0.1,I2≤50%時(shí),其異質(zhì)性在可接受范圍,合并效應(yīng)量常采用固定效應(yīng)模型;如P < 0.1,I2>50%,則需進(jìn)一步分析原因,尋找異質(zhì)性來源,對(duì)可能造成異質(zhì)性的因素行亞組分析,排除可能存在異質(zhì)性的因素后I2仍>50%者則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。通過敏感性分析探討單一研究對(duì)合并效應(yīng)量的影響,以評(píng)估其穩(wěn)定性。通過繪制漏斗圖并做Begg檢驗(yàn)、Egger檢驗(yàn)判斷是否存在發(fā)表偏倚及其大小。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
最終納入文獻(xiàn)16篇,其中英文15篇,中文1篇;病例組784例,對(duì)照組711例。見圖1。
2.2 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
16篇[6-9,15-26]文獻(xiàn)均為高質(zhì)量研究。見表1。
2.3 薈萃分析結(jié)果
2.3.1 兩組ADA水平比較? 16篇[6-9,15-26]文獻(xiàn)存在較明顯的異質(zhì)性(I2 = 88.9%,P < 0.001),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果顯示病例組ADA水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.37,95%CI:1.00~1.74,P < 0.05)。見圖2。
2.3.2 敏感性分析? 6文獻(xiàn)[7,9,15,18,24-25]對(duì)薈萃分析結(jié)果影響較大,見圖3。剔除后文獻(xiàn)異質(zhì)性顯著降低(I2 = 51.7%,P = 0.016),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示病例組ADA水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(SMD = 1.14,95%CI:0.90~1.38,P < 0.05),見圖4。
2.3.3 亞組分析? 亞組分析結(jié)果示以關(guān)節(jié)滑液為樣本的研究中其合并效應(yīng)的異質(zhì)性較亞組分析前大大降低(I2 = 0.0%,P = 0.726);以血清為樣本的研究中其合并效應(yīng)的異質(zhì)性較亞組分析前也有所降低(I2 =43.3%,P = 0.069),其結(jié)果顯示,無論是血清還是關(guān)節(jié)液樣本,RA患者ADA水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。不同地區(qū)的亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,無論是來自亞洲還是來自歐洲,RA患者ADA水平均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。納入研究中,有4項(xiàng)研究[7,9,18,20]報(bào)道了活動(dòng)期與非活動(dòng)期ADA水平的相關(guān)性,3項(xiàng)研究[7,18,20]報(bào)道了活動(dòng)期與對(duì)照組、非活動(dòng)期與對(duì)照組ADA水平的相關(guān)性。合并后結(jié)果顯示活動(dòng)期血清ADA水平高于非活動(dòng)期,活動(dòng)期、非活動(dòng)期ADA水平均高于健康對(duì)照,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見表2。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-03? 本文編輯:劉明玉)