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        延遲結(jié)扎臍帶對嬰兒貧血及運(yùn)動發(fā)育的 影響

        2019-12-30 01:42:23王向燁萬俊凌厲
        中國實用醫(yī)藥 2019年34期
        關(guān)鍵詞:缺鐵性貧血嬰兒

        王向燁 萬俊 凌厲

        【摘要】 目的 探討延遲結(jié)扎臍帶對嬰兒貧血及運(yùn)動發(fā)育的影響。方法 152例嬰兒, 依據(jù)住院時間順序分為觀察組(單數(shù), 77例)和對照組(雙數(shù), 75例)。觀察組在胎兒娩出后120~135 s結(jié)扎臍帶, 在延遲結(jié)扎臍帶期間將胎兒保暖后置低于胎盤10 cm的位置;對照組在胎兒娩出后30 s內(nèi)結(jié)扎臍帶。比較兩組產(chǎn)婦年齡、產(chǎn)前血紅蛋白水平、產(chǎn)后1 d血紅蛋白水平;比較兩組嬰兒出生體重、出生后24~48 h、2月齡、3月齡時血紅蛋白水平以及2月齡、3月齡時運(yùn)動發(fā)育水平。結(jié)果 觀察組嬰兒出生后24~48 h血紅蛋白水平(182.73±12.70)g/L高于對照組的(164.44±9.12)g/L, 差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組嬰兒2月齡時血紅蛋白水平及運(yùn)動發(fā)育評分均高于對照組, 差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組3月齡時血紅蛋白水平及運(yùn)動發(fā)育評分略高于對照組, 但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組嬰兒2月齡及3月齡時血紅蛋白水平與運(yùn)動發(fā)育水平呈正相關(guān)性(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 延遲結(jié)扎臍帶能減少嬰兒缺鐵性貧血的發(fā)生, 有利于嬰兒的運(yùn)動發(fā)育, 促進(jìn)腦發(fā)育。

        【關(guān)鍵詞】 延遲結(jié)扎臍帶;缺鐵性貧血;嬰兒;運(yùn)動發(fā)育

        DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.34.007

        Effect of delayed ligation of umbilical cord on anemia and motor development in infants ? WANG Xiang-ye,

        WAN Jun, LING Li, et al. Department of Pediatrics, Jiangyin Peoples Hospital, Jiangyin 214400, China

        【Abstract】 Objective ? To discuss the effect of delayed ligation of umbilical cord on anemia and motor development in infants. Methods ? A total of 152 infants were divided into observation group (odd number,

        77 cases) and control group (even number, 75 cases) by admission order. In the observation group, the cord was ligated 120-135 s after delivery, and the fetus was kept warm and placed 10 cm lower than the placenta during delayed cord ligation; in the control group, the cord was ligated 30 s after delivery. Comparison was made on age, prenatal hemoglobin level, hemoglobin level at 1 d after postpartum, birth weight, hemoglobin level at 24-48 h, 2-month and 3-month after postpartum, and motor development level at 2-month and 3-month of age between the two groups. Results ? The hemoglobin level at 24-48 h after postpartum (182.73±12.70) g/L in the observation group was higher than (164.44±9.12) g/L in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The hemoglobin level and motor development score at 2-month of age in the observation group was higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The hemoglobin level and motor development score at 3-month of age in the observation group was a little higher than those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between hemoglobin level and motor development level at 2 and 3 months of age in the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion ? Delayed ligation of umbilical cord can reduce the occurrence of iron-deficiency anemia, promote the development of motor and brain.

        5歲以內(nèi)被認(rèn)為是兒童腦發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵時期, 而嬰兒期則是腦發(fā)育最迅速的一個階段, 鐵參與了這個重要的過程。動物實驗指出[19, 20], 鐵是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)髓鞘化、單胺類神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)功能、神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)能量代謝以及海馬樹突發(fā)生所必需的。嬰兒期的慢性鐵缺乏對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育存在長期影響[4, 5], 且有meta分析[21, 22]指出, 在嬰兒期預(yù)防性的補(bǔ)充鐵劑對運(yùn)動發(fā)育和智力發(fā)育均有積極作用, 這說明減少嬰兒期鐵缺乏癥的發(fā)生對兒童神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育具有重要影響。嬰兒的運(yùn)動發(fā)育受多因素影響, 能體現(xiàn)其腦發(fā)育水平。本組研究對嬰兒的運(yùn)動發(fā)育進(jìn)行評估, 發(fā)現(xiàn)2月齡時延遲結(jié)扎臍帶的觀察組嬰兒的運(yùn)動發(fā)育評分顯著高于較早結(jié)扎臍帶的對照組(P<0.05), 而至3月齡時運(yùn)動發(fā)育評分則略高于對照組, 但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組嬰兒2月齡、3月齡時運(yùn)動發(fā)育評分均與當(dāng)時的血紅蛋白水平呈正相關(guān)。這提示了延遲結(jié)扎臍帶在增加嬰兒鐵儲備的同時, 能促進(jìn)其運(yùn)動發(fā)育, 而對血紅蛋白水平偏低的嬰兒進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)后, 其運(yùn)動發(fā)育水平能產(chǎn)生一定的追趕, 但在短時間內(nèi)仍稍落后于鐵儲備充足的嬰兒。

        目前家長對嬰幼兒的生長發(fā)育越來越重視, 嬰兒被動操在我國發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)已被廣泛開展, 為減少不同的家庭訓(xùn)練對嬰兒運(yùn)動發(fā)育所產(chǎn)生的誤差, 本組研究對滿月后的所有參與評估的嬰兒進(jìn)行嬰兒被動操的指導(dǎo)與家庭訓(xùn)練, 以增強(qiáng)嬰兒的生理機(jī)能, 提高嬰兒對外界自然環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力。

        總之, 對于增加嬰兒的鐵儲備、促進(jìn)嬰兒運(yùn)動發(fā)育的發(fā)展, 延遲結(jié)扎臍帶是一種簡單、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全而有效的干預(yù)手段。在后期的隨訪過程中, 可以繼續(xù)評估嬰幼兒的運(yùn)動、

        語言、認(rèn)知、社會適應(yīng)性等情況, 為本項研究提供更多的數(shù)據(jù)資料。

        參考文獻(xiàn)

        [1] Beard J. Recent evidence from human and animal studies regarding iron status and infant development. Journal of Nutrition, 2007, 137(2):524S-530S.

        [2] Carlson ES, Tkac I, Magid R, et al. Iron Is Essential for Neuron Development and Memory Function in Mouse Hippocampus. Journal of Nutrition, 2009, 139(4):672-679.

        [3] Beard JL , Connor JR. Iron status and neural functioning. Annual Review of Nutrition, 2003, 23(1):41-58.

        [4] Felt B, Jimenez E, Smith J, et al. Iron Deficiency in Infancy Predicts Altered Serum Prolactin Response 10 Years Later. Pediatric Research, 2006, 60(5):513-517.

        [5] Felt BT, Peirano P, Algarín C, et al. Long-term neuroendocrine

        effects of iron-deficiency anemia in infancy. Pediatric Research, 2012, 71(6):707-712.

        [6] Berglund S, Westrup B, Domellof M. Iron Supplements Reduce the Risk of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Marginally Low Birth Weight Infants. Pediatrics, 2010, 126(4):e874-e883.

        [7] Gunnarsson BS, Thorsdottir I, Palsson G. Iron status in 2-year-old Icelandic children and associations with dietary intake and growth. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, 58(6):901-906.

        [8] Burke RM, Rebolledo PA, Aceituno AM, et al. Effect of infant feeding practices on iron status in a cohort study of Bolivian infants. BMC Pediatrics, 2018, 18(1):107.

        [9] Mccausland AM, Holmes F, Schumann WR. Management of cord and placental blood and its effect upon the newborn. West J Surg Obstet Gynecol, 1950, 58(11):591-608.

        [10] Colozzi AE. Clamping of the Umbilical Cord: Its Effect on the Placental Transfusion. New England Journal of Medicine, 1954, 250(15):629-632.

        [11] Mcdonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, et al. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2014, 9(2):303-397.

        [12] Hutton EK, Hassan ES. Late vs Early Clamping of the Umbilical Cord in Full-term Neonates: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials. Jama the Journal of the American Medical Association, 2007, 297(11):1241-1252.

        [13] Andersson O, Hellstrom-Westas L, Andersson D, et al. Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2011, 343(15):d7157.

        [14] Ranjit T, Nesargi S, Rao PN, et al. Effect of Early versus Delayed Cord Clamping on Hematological Status of Preterm Infants at 6? wk of Age. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2015, 82(1):29-34.

        [15] Withanathantrige M, Goonewardene I. Effects of early versus delayed umbilical cord clamping during antepartum lower segment caesarean section on placental delivery and postoperative haemorrhage: a randomised controlled trial. Ceylon Med J, 2017, 62(1):5-11.

        [16] 黃雪群, 劉紹基, 黎小玲, 等. 延遲鉗夾臍帶對早產(chǎn)兒早期血容量影響的臨床研究. 中國小兒急救醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 18(4):341-343.

        [17] 萬俊, 王向燁, 包志丹, 等. 延遲結(jié)扎臍帶對新生兒缺鐵性貧血及鐵儲備的影響. 安徽醫(yī)藥, 2015, 19(4):728-730.

        [18] Yao AC, Moinian M, Lind J. Distribution of blood between infant and placenta after birth. The Lancet, 1969, 294(7626):871-873.

        [19] Beard J . Iron Deficiency Alters Brain Development and Functioning. Journal of Nutrition, 2003, 133(1):1468S.

        [20] Carlson ES, Tkac I, Magid R, et al. Iron Is Essential for Neuron Development and Memory Function in Mouse Hippocampus. Journal of Nutrition, 2009, 139(4):672-679.

        [21] Sachdev H, Gera T, Nestel P. Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Public Health Nutrition, 2005, 8(2):117-132.

        [22] Szajewska, H, Ruszczynski, M, Chmielewska, A. Effects of iron supplementation in nonanemic pregnant women, infants, and young children on the mental performance and psychomotor development of children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010, 91(6):1684-1690.

        [收稿日期:2019-04-18]

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