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        英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)新題型寫作模式研究

        2017-08-08 20:00:51于愛蓮孟鴻雁
        科技資訊 2017年19期
        關(guān)鍵詞:寫作模式

        于愛蓮 孟鴻雁

        摘 要:該文針對(duì)2016年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試中試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和題型調(diào)整后寫作部分的調(diào)整變化,用同一范文為例,闡明了3種不同的寫作模式:模式一為段一闡述正方觀點(diǎn),段二闡述反方觀點(diǎn),段三提出并分析自己的觀點(diǎn);模式二為段一引出主題,段二闡述正反雙方觀點(diǎn),段三提出并分析作者自己觀點(diǎn);模式三為段一提出話題,段二陳述正方觀點(diǎn),段三陳述反方觀點(diǎn),段四闡述自己觀點(diǎn)。

        關(guān)鍵詞:英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí) 寫作 模式

        中圖分類號(hào):G71 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1672-3791(2017)07(a)-0137-02

        英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試是我國(guó)自主開發(fā)的針對(duì)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生的系列考試之一,測(cè)試對(duì)象為高等院校二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生。測(cè)試內(nèi)容包括聽、讀、寫英語(yǔ)基本技能以及語(yǔ)法、詞匯等英語(yǔ)基本知識(shí)。測(cè)試的目的為檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)二年級(jí)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用各項(xiàng)英語(yǔ)基本技能的能力以及學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)篇等英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的掌握程度。此測(cè)試是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段教學(xué)的重要組成部分,也是檢驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)成果的有效手段之一。此項(xiàng)考試在我國(guó)已經(jīng)開展20余年,期間隨著時(shí)代的變化幾經(jīng)改革。2016年,我國(guó)外語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)測(cè)試專家委員會(huì)對(duì)此項(xiàng)測(cè)試的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測(cè)試題型做出了新的調(diào)整。文章主要研究對(duì)寫作部分的調(diào)整。

        寫作部分調(diào)整前由兩部分組成,包括10 min內(nèi)完成50~60個(gè)單詞的便條和35 min內(nèi)完成150~200詞的短文。調(diào)整后的寫作只有大作文一部分。測(cè)試的要求為在45 min內(nèi)能根據(jù)所給的作文題目、圖表或閱讀材料寫一篇200詞以上的作文。評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和以往一樣為內(nèi)容切題、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)言通順、用詞恰當(dāng)、表達(dá)得體等。調(diào)整后的寫作最常見的形式為正反雙方材料式作文,針對(duì)此類作文,我們可以從以下入手。

        例如: 對(duì)于大學(xué)生可否兼職,以下是四級(jí)作文中給出的正反雙方的觀點(diǎn)材料。

        Yes:Some students have to earn money to pay the tuition, their expenditure, or satisfy their desire by doing part-time jobs.

        Part-time jobs can improve students different skills.

        Part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences, which may help them find a decent job in the future.

        No:Working part-time may exhaust students and they may skip classes and they may ignore their academic studies.

        Students might be deceived when finding part-time jobs.

        此作文要求根據(jù)所給材料寫作,具體要求為先從正反兩方面總結(jié)所給材料,然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。針對(duì)此要求,我們至少可以采用以下3種寫作模式。

        1 三段模式一

        三段式可以是此類作文最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)。模式一的結(jié)構(gòu)可以確定為:段一闡述一方觀點(diǎn),段二闡述另一方觀點(diǎn),段三提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。以下是用此模式針對(duì)上面作文的范文。

        Nowadays, in many universities, many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However, different people have different opinions on this issue. Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure, and help ease the burden on their families. Furthermore, they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences, which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market.

        Other people, however, take the opposite position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly, they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly, they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

        Personally, I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly, it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so, they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

        2 三段模式二

        針對(duì)此作文,同樣用三段式,但也可以是另外一種模式。段一引出主題,段二闡述正反雙方觀點(diǎn),段三作者自己觀點(diǎn)。此模式下的同一個(gè)作文范例如下。

        Nowadays, in many universities, many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However, different people have different opinions on this issue. Some people think taking a part-time job will benefit college students, while others think the opposite.

        Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure. Furthermore, they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences, which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market. However, those who are against take the position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly, they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly, they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

        Personally, I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly, it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so, they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

        3 四段模式

        如果不采用三段式模式,同樣的作文也可以采用四段式模式。具體結(jié)構(gòu)為段一提出話題,段二陳述正方觀點(diǎn),段三陳述反方觀點(diǎn),段四闡述自己觀點(diǎn)。此作文在此模式下的例文如下。

        Nowadays, in many universities, many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However, different people have different opinions on this issue. Some people think taking a part-time job will benefit college students, while others think the opposite.

        Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure. Furthermore, they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences, which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market.

        However, those who are against take the position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly, they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly, they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

        Personally, I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly, it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so, they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

        3種寫作模式雖然各有不同,第一種模式中前兩段形成觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比,既能體現(xiàn)測(cè)試要求中的對(duì)材料的總結(jié)能力,也能引起讀者的思考,在此基礎(chǔ)上第三段作者提出自己的觀點(diǎn),文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,環(huán)環(huán)相扣。第二種模式中在文章第一段先引出主題,這樣文章一開始就能抓住讀者的注意力,緊接著第二段中將正反雙方觀點(diǎn)一起闡述,對(duì)比效果更明顯,最后第三段順理成章提出自己的看法。第三種模式是采用四段式,是前兩種模式的結(jié)合,是總結(jié)能力、分析能力和表達(dá)能力的更好體現(xiàn)。

        4 結(jié)語(yǔ)

        以上幾種不同的寫作模式只是能更好地幫助學(xué)生在有限的考試時(shí)間里更得心應(yīng)手地完成寫作任務(wù)而已,因?yàn)槲覀兌贾缹懽骺疾榈氖菍W(xué)生的語(yǔ)言綜合技能,首先學(xué)生必須有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功,要全面掌握詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句子、修辭等語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。其次,學(xué)生也應(yīng)具備良好的思維能力和表達(dá)能力,能夠?qū)⒂^點(diǎn)條理清晰、完整清晰地表達(dá)出來,因此,不同模式都只是在學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言基本功和思維表達(dá)水平高的基礎(chǔ)上才能發(fā)揮其最大作用。

        參考文獻(xiàn)

        [1] 彭昀.英語(yǔ)專業(yè)大二學(xué)生英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試寫作錯(cuò)誤分析[J]. 科技視界,2012(4):121-122.

        [2] H. D. Brown.Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy[M].北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2013.

        [3] 鄒申.語(yǔ)言測(cè)試[M].上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,2005.

        [4] 王曉琪.2016 年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試改革對(duì)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的反撥作用[J].赤子,2016(23):87-88.

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