劉中楷

摘 要：在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)關(guān)注同學(xué)們?nèi)绾芜\(yùn)用語(yǔ)言，特別是掌握詞匯，句型和綜合運(yùn)用之間的關(guān)系。本文作者經(jīng)過(guò)多年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐，發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的基本規(guī)律---句型學(xué)習(xí)為不同水平的學(xué)生構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)的基石。從簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句到復(fù)合句的運(yùn)用，我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的本質(zhì)。如果我們懂得如何讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用句型，學(xué)生們對(duì)語(yǔ)言的輸入和輸出會(huì)變得比較容易。作者將提供典型句型為同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)，為他們的可持續(xù)發(fā)展打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞：新課標(biāo)；學(xué)科素養(yǎng)；英語(yǔ)句型；語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用；實(shí)踐與策略

Background

New Curriculum and Examination Outline require Senior 3 students to be accessible to necessary knowledge，essential ability and subject quality；to solve the problems between man and egoism，man and society and man and nature（1）.The students' learning state is not as efficient as we expect.They can't use key sentence patterns correctly，thus，they often make mistakes in their grammar exercise，passage correction and writing.It's urgent to classify the use of different kinds of sentence patterns and their relevant relationships.Beyond the separate uses，students should know the completely overall uses of the key sentences，especially in the context.

Find the problems in students English learning

Students have difficulty in using key sentence patterns.Some mistakes are shown in their homework，in their exams，in their English Weekly and in their book《創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)總復(fù)習(xí)，英語(yǔ)分冊(cè)二，滿分必背》.List some sentences by classifying them into different types and analyze the reasons why students make such errors.After that，scaffold the students with some sentence patterns and ask them to make sentences with specific patterns.Finally，discuss with the students and find where the mistakes lie and how to correct them.Only in this way，can students really know how to use the language and how to improve their language level step by step.

The above picture shows the functions of English abilities，sentence patterns and vocabulary，and their inner relationship.

II.Five Basic simple sentence patterns

Match the forms with the examples.

III.Coordinate Sentences

e.g.：1）Work hard and youll succeed.

2）He is friendly to his friends and his friends do the same.

IV.Compound Sentences

1.Attributive Clause

e.g.： There are many islands in China，of which Taiwan Island is the biggest one.（2）

2.Adverbial Clauses（standing for time，place，condition and so on）

1）Child as he is，he can speak English fluently.

2）Please make notes where you cant understand.

3）Bamboo grows where it is warm and where it often rains.

V.Noun Clauses

1 Subjective Clauses

e.g.：1）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

2）It is suggested that the meeting be put off till next Monday.

2 Predicative Clauses

e.g.：The reason why Tom was absent is that he didnt catch the early bus.

3 Objective Clauses

e.g.：1） He has made it clear that he will not give in.

2） Were worrying about what we should do next.

4 Appositive Clauses

e.g：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

VI.Translate from Chinese to English.

1.是否舉行會(huì)議仍然是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Whether the meeting will be held is still a question.

2.中國(guó)乒乓球隊(duì)獲勝這個(gè)消息是振奮人心的。

The news that the Chinese Table Tennis Team won the game is exciting.

3.我們一到火車站，火車就開(kāi)走了。（用倒裝句翻譯）

Hardly had we reached the train station when the train left.

4.直到他父親回來(lái)，他才睡覺(jué)。（用not...until翻譯）

He didnt go to bed until his father came back.

5.不到一個(gè)月我們就高考了。（用before翻譯）

It won't be a month before we take the college entrance examination.

6.昨晚我們到家的時(shí)候是9點(diǎn)。

It was 9 pm when we got home yesterday.

VII.Frequently Used Sentences

Attachment 1 Sentences from the students outline of conclusion.

Students Outline of Conclusion

1.What made them so interesting was the fact that they all had different designs by them.

2.Visitors can get a feel of what life was like for the people of Petra.

3.I was surprised to see the desks pushed together，on which there was a big cake with candles on.

4.About 30 to 35 percent of all adult colds are caused by nasal passage viruses，of which over 100 different types have been I identified so far.

5.We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.

Attachment 2 Sentences from English Weekly.

From English Weekly

1.The land on which the plant sits was used as farm land.（29期）（4）

2.Im very green when it comes to transport because I usually walk or ride everywhere.（30期）

3.For a certain amount of time，you can ask them questions and listen to their stories，which are fascinating and immersive as any you can find in a book.（31期）

4.With mans skills of inventing things，the time may not be too far off when man may control the weather.（35期）

5.Not only will this create good feelings but a more positive attitude since endorphins（內(nèi)啡肽）are released，which make you feel happy and energized.

Attachment 3 Sentence Patterns used in the writing.（students samples）

Dear Sir/Madam，

Im Li Hua from Class 1，Senior 3.The reason why I write the letter is that Im so interested in your English club that Im rather eager to join it.

Speaking of my passion for English，I have realized it since I was 10 years old.Besides，Im always devoted to all kinds of after-school activities.As far as I am concerned，taking part in English Club at weekends will not only help me relaxed but also give me chances to learn more new things about English.

In a word，I really wish that I can join the club.I will appreciate it a lot if you could accept me.Thanks.

Looking forward to your reply！

yours，

Li Hua

點(diǎn)評(píng)：1.so…that 句型

2.not only…but also

3.wish和appreciate引出的賓語(yǔ)從句是亮點(diǎn)

So from the above，we know English learning is a gradual process，which needs teachers teaching techniques，teachers patience and students collaboration.However，the most important of all is the basic knowledge of the typical sentence patterns，which has a deep effect on students improvement of language use.

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] 梅德明.普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2017年版）解讀：北京：高等教育出版社，2018

[2]《教育考試與評(píng)價(jià)》（2018）

[3]《5年高考3年模擬》（2018）

[4]《英語(yǔ)周報(bào)》（2018）

（作者單位：四川省瀘州高級(jí)中學(xué)校）