河南 馬國民

聽力命題趨勢與高分技巧揭秘

河南 馬國民

作為高考試卷的第一部分，聽力試題近年來命題趨于穩(wěn)定，具有一定的規(guī)律與趨勢，而且答題也具有一定的技巧性。

一、命題趨勢分析

全國卷聽力3年考查情況分析表一

全國卷聽力3年考查情況分析表二

通過深入研讀考試說明和高考試卷，并結(jié)合上述兩個分析表，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)聽力的命題規(guī)律與趨勢如下：

1. 有10段聽力材料，分為兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)為5段短對話，每段對話均配有一個小題，談論的內(nèi)容較為簡單，每段對話僅讀一遍。第二節(jié)為4段長對話和一篇較長的獨白，對話或獨白配有數(shù)目不等的小題，每段材料均讀兩遍。

2. 材料一般來源于實際生活，往往圍繞一個有關(guān)日常生活的話題展開，同時會有一些相關(guān)細節(jié)的支持，多是考生所熟悉的交際場景，話題包括出行、天氣、日常生活、工作和學習、度假、購物等，以對話或獨白為主。對話多發(fā)生在賓館、飯店、商店、辦公室、影劇院、家庭、車站等不同地點，也可能發(fā)生在飛機、火車、輪船等交通工具中。

【真題典例1】（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅰ，1）What are the speakers talking about?

A. Having a birthday party.

B. Doing some exercise.

C. Getting Lydia a gift.

【聽力原文】

W：What are we going to get for Lydia’s birthday?

M：How about a pair of running shoes?

W：You know she hates doing exercise.

M：Then I guess we can buy her a birthday cake.

【解析】女士問給Lydia買什么生日禮物，男士建議買一雙跑步鞋，女士說Lydia討厭運動，最后男士建議買一塊生日蛋糕。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知，雙方談論的話題屬于日常生活，內(nèi)容是為Lydia購買生日禮物。

【答案】C

【真題典例2】（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅱ，2）What is the weather like now?

A. It’s sunny.

B. It’s rainy.

C. It’s cloudy.

【聽力原文】

W：Peter，how is the weather now? Is it still raining?

M：No，but there’s still lots of clouds. The weatherman said the sun wouldn’t come out until next week.

【解析】女士問男士現(xiàn)在是否仍然在下雨，男士說沒下雨，但是仍然有很多云，天氣預報說下周才會晴天。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知，雙方談論的話題是天氣，并且當時是多云天氣。

【答案】C

3. 對話一般在兩個人之間進行，兩個人性別往往不同，對話可能是面對面的，也可能是通過電話。如果對話雙方性別相同，則往往年齡相差較大，語音明顯不同。獨白可以是天氣預報、活動簡介、課題授課內(nèi)容，也可以是講述自己或別人的一段往事。

4. 從題干的特點來看，均為特殊疑問句，且提問的重點包括事件（what）（10～14個小題）、地點（where）（2～3個小題）、時間（when）（1個小題左右）、原因（why）（1個小題左右）、人物（who）（1個小題左右）、數(shù)字（how many/how much）等，其中事件和地點是考查的重點。每個小題均配有A、B、C三個選項。題干和選項一般比較簡短，選項為一個單詞、一個短語或一個簡單的句子，選項的長度、難度和結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致。

【真題典例3】（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅰ，10）Why does the woman make the call?

A. To book a hotel room.

B. To ask about the room service.

C. To make changes to a reservation.

【聽力原文】

St. Henri, Reserve Bin A, RWT, Magill Estate, Bin169,Bin707

M：Hello，Milton Hotel reservations. How may I assist you?

W：Hi. I’m calling to make some changes to an existing reservation.

M：Certainly. Do you have the reservation number?

W：Sure. It’s 219.

M：That’s a reservation for Sally Menkel. Is that right?

W：Yes，that’s right. I’d like to change the check-in date from September 15th to September 16th.

M：Certainly. I can make that change for you. Is that the only change?

W：No. The check-out date will also change from the 23rd to the 24th.

W：Yes. Instead of a courtyard room，I’d like a room with a view，preferably on an upper floor.

M：I can certainly change that for you，but there will be a change in the room rate. The new rate is $199 per night，instead of the original $179.

W：That’s OK. These are all the changes. Thank you very much.

M：You’re welcome. Have a nice day!

【解析】該題詢問的是女士打電話的原因，題干使用的是特殊疑問詞why提問。男士說：“這里是Milton酒店預訂處，有什么能幫助您？”女士說：“我打電話是要對以前的預訂做些更改?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑雠看螂娫挼脑蚴菫榱俗兏A訂的信息。

【答案】C

二、高分技巧揭秘

1.調(diào)整狀態(tài)，深入其中

在聽聽力時，如果心神游離不定，注意力難以集中，那么就會對所放的聽力錄音一知半解，答題似是而非，進而導致錯誤成片，正確率低下。因此，在聽錄音時，考生需要排除一切干擾，調(diào)整好自己的狀態(tài)，靜下心來，集中精力，深入其中，這樣才能為高效答題奠定堅實的基礎。

2.瀏覽題干，預測話題

在放錄音前，建議考生先迅速瀏覽題干和各個選項，可提前對聽力錄音的話題進行預測，這樣在聽錄音時，就會有所側(cè)重，有助于快速捕捉錄音內(nèi)容中的關(guān)鍵信息，進一步提高答題的正確率。在聽錄音時，注意整體把握材料，不要因為一個詞或短語沒有聽清就止步不前。

【真題典例4】（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅱ，12）What did the man like doing when he was a child?

A. Drawing.

B. Traveling.

C. Reading.

【聽力原文】

W：Hello，everyone. Welcome to our program. Today，we are fortunate to have a special guest with us. Some of you may have heard of him before. He’s an artist. His works have received many prizes and have been shown in over one hundred exhibitions across the country—Los Angeles，New York，Philadelphia，to name just a few. His name is Chris Cucksy. So Chris，tell us a bit about yourself.

M：Well，I was born in Springfield，Missouri，and grew up in Kansas. I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position，but I did manage to get a master’s degree in fine arts.

W：When did you first start to make art? And what was the turning point in your life that made you an artist?

M：I always liked drawing as early as I can remember，so right from then，I knew what I was going to be：an artist.

W：What is it that always inspires you to create?

M：Nature is the biggest inspiration. I’m always inspired by things of beauty and harmony.

【解析】瀏覽題干可知，該題詢問的是男士小時候的愛好，因此在聽錄音時，重點捕捉的是與男士愛好相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，這是準確答題的關(guān)鍵。對話中，女士問男士什么促使他成為畫家時，男士回答：“從我記事開始，我就一直喜歡畫畫”，“I always liked drawing as early as I can remember”是錄音中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。由此可知，男士小時候喜歡的是畫畫。

【答案】A

【真題典例5】（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅰ，13）What is the woman’s plan for Saturday?

A. Going shopping.

B. Going camping.

C. Going boating.

【聽力原文】

W：Gordon，I’m going to Keswick in the Lake District this weekend.

M：Really?

W：Yeah，five of us. Why don’t you join us? We’re getting to Keswick on Friday. Then we’re going boating on Saturday. And on Sunday，wer’e going to do some shopping.Then I will take some time to visit my aunt Lucy.

M：You’re not going to camp，are you? Isn’t it a bit cold?

W：No，we’re not. It is a bit cold. We’re staying in a country inn. It’s not like five-star hotels or anything. But it’s really comfortable.

M：Hmm，sounds interesting. You know，it’s the boating that I don’t like.

W：Well，what are you up to?

M：Sit on my sofa all weekend and watch the DVDs I’ve just bought. And that will be a busy weekend. I may finish watching Friends.

W：I don’t know how you can do that all weekend，Gordon. I’d get bored.

M：I know，I know. But that’s really what I want to do.

【解析】瀏覽題干可知，該題詢問的是女士周六的計劃，并且從購物、宿營和劃船這三者中進行選擇。在聽錄音時，側(cè)重點需要放在周六計劃方面，并且留意內(nèi)容是否與購物、宿營或劃船相關(guān)。根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容可知，女士說周五到Keswick，周六去劃船，周日去購物，錄音中“Then we’re going boating on Saturday”是判斷答案的關(guān)鍵句，其中“going boating”是關(guān)鍵詞。

【答案】C

3.做好筆記，喚醒記憶

俗話說，好記性不如爛筆頭。在聽聽力時，建議考生養(yǎng)成做筆記的好習慣。聽力開始后，隨聽隨記，排除冗雜信息的干擾，留心關(guān)鍵性信息，快速記錄人物、事件、時間、地點、數(shù)字等關(guān)鍵性信息。特別是對于材料長、信息量大、情節(jié)復雜的對話或獨白材料，更應做好筆記，這樣有利于集中精力，有利于喚醒記憶，有利于準確答題。做筆記時，可結(jié)合好題干和選項的內(nèi)容，選準記錄的側(cè)重點，內(nèi)容力求簡潔精練。

【真題典例6】

（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅰ，17）Who is Wang Ming?

A. A student.

B. An employer.

C. An engineer.

（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅰ，19）What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?

A. 20%. B. 22%. C. 50%.

（2016，全國新課標卷Ⅰ，20）Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?

A. They need more work experience.

B. The salary is usually good.

C. Their choice is limited.

【聽力原文】

M：Hello. Welcome to the program. In America，May and June are the traditional months for graduations. A listener in China，Wang Ming，who is about to get an engineering degree，wants to know how American college graduates find jobs. Right now，the answer is：not very easily. A latest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last. The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now. This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago.But one difference：fewer of this year’s graduates have started to search for jobs. Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already，and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average，engineering majors expect to start at about $62 000 a year.

【解析】

17題題干詢問的是Wang Ming是誰，在聽錄音時，聽力筆記側(cè)重記錄的是與此相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。錄音中“Wang Ming，who is about to get an engineering degree，wants to know how American college graduates find jobs.”是答題的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，其中“is about to get an engineering degree”和“college graduates find jobs”可作為筆記記錄的重點。由此可知，Wang Ming即將獲得工程學位，想了解美國大學畢業(yè)生是如何找工作的，因此Wang Ming是一名學生。故選A。

19題題干詢問的是到目前為止找到工作的學生的百分比，做筆記的重點就是錄音中與百分比相關(guān)的內(nèi)容?！癟he study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now.”是關(guān)鍵句，其中20%是記錄的重點內(nèi)容。由此可知，畢業(yè)前找工作的學生當中到目前為止只有20%的人找到了工作。故選A。

20題題干詢問的是工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生可能接受某份工作的原因，錄音中“Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already，and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average，engineering majors expect to start at about $62 000 a year.”是關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，其中“This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree.”是關(guān)鍵句，“best-paid professions”可作為記錄的重點。由此可知，工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生更可能接受工作的原因在于薪酬通常比較高。故選B。

4.快速判斷，果斷答題

在一段聽力錄音播放結(jié)束后，考生需要根據(jù)聽到的錄音內(nèi)容并結(jié)合題干和選項快速判斷答案，果斷選出自己認為正確的選項，切不可長時間猶猶豫豫，舉棋不定，畢竟各小題之間的停頓時間很短，不可顧此失彼，不能影響后面的答題。在開始播放一段新錄音時，考生需要把注意力及時調(diào)整過來，不可再停留在上一題上。