黏性>咀嚼性>總感官評分>口感>彈性>內聚性>回復性;大米脂肪含"/>
賀萍 陳競適 張喻 楊柳 李建婷 闞旭輝
摘 要:通過對15種秈米原料蛋白質和脂肪含量的測定,分析了其與鮮濕米粉各項品質指標的相關性,并以與蛋白質和脂肪含量顯著相關的鮮濕米粉品質指標作因變量,蛋白質含量和脂肪含量作自變量,得到相對應的標準化回歸系數。結果表明:大米蛋白質含量與鮮濕米粉的口感、感官評分、硬度、黏性、咀嚼性呈顯著正相關;與內聚性、彈性、回復性呈顯著負相關;大米蛋白質含量對鮮濕米粉各項品質指標的作用大小依次為硬度>黏性>咀嚼性>總感官評分>口感>彈性>內聚性>回復性;大米脂肪含量與鮮濕米粉的口感、感官評分、硬度、咀嚼性呈顯著正相關,與內聚性、彈性、回復性呈顯著負相關;大米脂肪含量對鮮濕米粉各項品質指標的作用大小依次為硬度>黏性>口感>總感官評分>彈性>內聚性>回復性。
關鍵詞:秈米;蛋白質含量;脂肪含量;鮮濕米粉;米粉品質
中圖分類號:TS213.3 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)01-0073-04
Abstract: Taking15 kinds of indica rice as raw material, the content of protein and fat in rice were measured. The fresh rice noodles were respectively made from 15 kinds of indica rice, then physiochemical, sensory and texture of fresh rice noodles were analyzed, the relationship between rice protein and fat content and quality of fresh rice noodles were discussed. The results showed that the rice protein content was positively correlated with the taste, sensory scores, hardness, gumminess, chewiness of fresh rice noodles, and was negatively correlated with the cohesiveness, springiness, resilience of fresh rice noodles. The effect of protein content of rice on the quality indexes of fresh wet rice noodle is hardness>gumminess>chewiness of fresh rice noodles>sensory scores>taste>springiness>cohesiveness
>resilience of fresh rice noodles. Fat content was positively correlated with the taste, sensory scores, hardness, chewiness of fresh rice noodles, and was negatively correlated with cohesiveness, springiness and resilience of fresh rice noodles. The effect of rice fat content on the quality indexes of fresh wet rice noodle is hardness>gumminess>taste>sensory scores>springiness>cohesiveness>resilience of fresh rice noodles.
Key words:indica rice; protein content; fat content; fresh rice noodles; quality of rice noodles
鮮濕米粉是以大米為原料,經浸泡、磨漿、糊化成型、冷卻等生產工序加工,未經干燥的米粉。鮮濕米粉是我國傳統的米制品,具有食用方便、口感好、工藝簡單等特點,在我國南方及港澳臺地區(qū)廣受歡
迎[1-2]。
蛋白質是大米中主要組成成分之一,主要分布在大米胚乳中,含量約為5%~11%,秈型稻中蛋白質含量一般為10%~20%,高于粳稻[3]。大米蛋白含量不僅是決定大米營養(yǎng)品質的重要指標,對大米及其加工制品的外觀品質、加工品質、食用品質也有一定程度的影響。研究表明,大米蛋白通過與淀粉的相互作用,進一步影響米粉的糊化成型及老化回生,從而影響米粉的品質。
脂類在大米中含量不高,僅為0.3%~1%,因其含量極少,在米粉生產原料的選擇中,通常會忽略這一指標。但有研究表明,大米中脂類物質對大米的儲藏品質、食用品質等也有較大影響[4];另外,天然淀粉中直鏈淀粉—脂質復合物對淀粉的膨脹有抑制作用,從而使淀粉的糊化溫度升高[5]。目前,關于大米中脂類含量變化對其加工制品及特性影響的報道較少。
因此,試驗以湘早秈42等15個具有代表性的秈型水稻品種為材料,比較了不同蛋白質和脂肪含量的大米加工的鮮濕米粉的理化性質、感官品質和質構特性,并對大米中蛋白質和脂肪含量與鮮濕米粉品質的相關關系進行了研究,以期為篩選和培育適用于米粉加工的專用稻品種提供依據。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗材料
采用湘早秈42、湘早秈45、湘早秈163、T優(yōu)167、五優(yōu)308、五優(yōu)662、金優(yōu)458、培優(yōu)288、準兩優(yōu)608、益優(yōu)701、桂朝99、桂朝13、榮優(yōu)9號、中早39、中嘉早17等15個秈型水稻品種的大米為原料。原料均來源于湖南省農業(yè)科學院試驗田,常溫貯藏,壟谷碾米備用。