于愛蓮　孟鴻雁

摘 要：該文針對(duì)2016年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)測(cè)試中試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和題型調(diào)整后寫作部分的調(diào)整變化，用同一范文為例，闡明了3種不同的寫作模式：模式一為段一闡述正方觀點(diǎn)，段二闡述反方觀點(diǎn)，段三提出并分析自己的觀點(diǎn)；模式二為段一引出主題，段二闡述正反雙方觀點(diǎn)，段三提出并分析作者自己觀點(diǎn)；模式三為段一提出話題，段二陳述正方觀點(diǎn)，段三陳述反方觀點(diǎn)，段四闡述自己觀點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí) 寫作 模式

中圖分類號(hào)：G71 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1672-3791（2017）07（a）-0137-02

英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試是我國(guó)自主開發(fā)的針對(duì)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生的系列考試之一，測(cè)試對(duì)象為高等院校二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生。測(cè)試內(nèi)容包括聽、讀、寫英語(yǔ)基本技能以及語(yǔ)法、詞匯等英語(yǔ)基本知識(shí)。測(cè)試的目的為檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)二年級(jí)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用各項(xiàng)英語(yǔ)基本技能的能力以及學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)篇等英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的掌握程度。此測(cè)試是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段教學(xué)的重要組成部分，也是檢驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)成果的有效手段之一。此項(xiàng)考試在我國(guó)已經(jīng)開展20余年，期間隨著時(shí)代的變化幾經(jīng)改革。2016年，我國(guó)外語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)測(cè)試專家委員會(huì)對(duì)此項(xiàng)測(cè)試的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測(cè)試題型做出了新的調(diào)整。文章主要研究對(duì)寫作部分的調(diào)整。

寫作部分調(diào)整前由兩部分組成，包括10 min內(nèi)完成50～60個(gè)單詞的便條和35 min內(nèi)完成150～200詞的短文。調(diào)整后的寫作只有大作文一部分。測(cè)試的要求為在45 min內(nèi)能根據(jù)所給的作文題目、圖表或閱讀材料寫一篇200詞以上的作文。評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和以往一樣為內(nèi)容切題、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)言通順、用詞恰當(dāng)、表達(dá)得體等。調(diào)整后的寫作最常見的形式為正反雙方材料式作文，針對(duì)此類作文，我們可以從以下入手。

例如： 對(duì)于大學(xué)生可否兼職，以下是四級(jí)作文中給出的正反雙方的觀點(diǎn)材料。

Yes：Some students have to earn money to pay the tuition， their expenditure， or satisfy their desire by doing part-time jobs.

Part-time jobs can improve students different skills.

Part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may help them find a decent job in the future.

No：Working part-time may exhaust students and they may skip classes and they may ignore their academic studies.

Students might be deceived when finding part-time jobs.

此作文要求根據(jù)所給材料寫作，具體要求為先從正反兩方面總結(jié)所給材料，然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。針對(duì)此要求，我們至少可以采用以下3種寫作模式。

1 三段模式一

三段式可以是此類作文最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)。模式一的結(jié)構(gòu)可以確定為：段一闡述一方觀點(diǎn)，段二闡述另一方觀點(diǎn)，段三提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。以下是用此模式針對(duì)上面作文的范文。

Nowadays， in many universities， many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However， different people have different opinions on this issue. Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure， and help ease the burden on their families. Furthermore， they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market.

Other people， however， take the opposite position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly， they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly， they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

Personally， I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly， it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so， they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

2 三段模式二

針對(duì)此作文，同樣用三段式，但也可以是另外一種模式。段一引出主題，段二闡述正反雙方觀點(diǎn)，段三作者自己觀點(diǎn)。此模式下的同一個(gè)作文范例如下。

Nowadays， in many universities， many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However， different people have different opinions on this issue. Some people think taking a part-time job will benefit college students， while others think the opposite.

Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure. Furthermore， they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market. However， those who are against take the position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly， they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly， they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

Personally， I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly， it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so， they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

3 四段模式

如果不采用三段式模式，同樣的作文也可以采用四段式模式。具體結(jié)構(gòu)為段一提出話題，段二陳述正方觀點(diǎn)，段三陳述反方觀點(diǎn)，段四闡述自己觀點(diǎn)。此作文在此模式下的例文如下。

Nowadays， in many universities， many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. However， different people have different opinions on this issue. Some people think taking a part-time job will benefit college students， while others think the opposite.

Those who are in favor of part-time jobs think that students can earn some money to pay the tuition and their expenditure. Furthermore， they think that part-time jobs can improve students different practical skills. The most important is that part-time jobs can help students gain various experiences， which may put them in a very advantageous position in the job market.

However， those who are against take the position that many problems may occur in taking a part-time job. Firstly， they think that college students cannot keep a good balance between academic studies and part-time jobs. Students may become very exhausted and spend less time in school work. Secondly， they hold the idea that students may be deceived in finding part-time jobs since they are inexperienced.

Personally， I think that college students can take part-time jobs. Undoubtedly， it can broaden their horizon and help them know more of the society before graduation. But it is worth knowing that a good balance between school work and part-time job should be kept. If so， they can gain both academic knowledge and practical skills during college years.

3種寫作模式雖然各有不同，第一種模式中前兩段形成觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比，既能體現(xiàn)測(cè)試要求中的對(duì)材料的總結(jié)能力，也能引起讀者的思考，在此基礎(chǔ)上第三段作者提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，環(huán)環(huán)相扣。第二種模式中在文章第一段先引出主題，這樣文章一開始就能抓住讀者的注意力，緊接著第二段中將正反雙方觀點(diǎn)一起闡述，對(duì)比效果更明顯，最后第三段順理成章提出自己的看法。第三種模式是采用四段式，是前兩種模式的結(jié)合，是總結(jié)能力、分析能力和表達(dá)能力的更好體現(xiàn)。

4 結(jié)語(yǔ)

以上幾種不同的寫作模式只是能更好地幫助學(xué)生在有限的考試時(shí)間里更得心應(yīng)手地完成寫作任務(wù)而已，因?yàn)槲覀兌贾缹懽骺疾榈氖菍W(xué)生的語(yǔ)言綜合技能，首先學(xué)生必須有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功，要全面掌握詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句子、修辭等語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。其次，學(xué)生也應(yīng)具備良好的思維能力和表達(dá)能力，能夠?qū)⒂^點(diǎn)條理清晰、完整清晰地表達(dá)出來，因此，不同模式都只是在學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言基本功和思維表達(dá)水平高的基礎(chǔ)上才能發(fā)揮其最大作用。

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