亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        English—Chinese Syntax Comparison and Sentence Translation

        2016-05-14 13:37:47陸銀
        校園英語·上旬 2016年8期
        關(guān)鍵詞:陳華西安電子科技大學(xué)句法結(jié)構(gòu)

        陸銀

        【Abstract】Translation is to maintain the content and transform the state or form of one language into another. Basically speaking, translation is the transition of languages form. In order to keep the translation and the original text be consistent, we must compare the original language with the target language, from which we can also conclude some principles and laws. Syntax is a very important pattern of language and it studies every part of sentences and their orders. The thesis analyses the differences between English and Chinese from the perspective of syntax,discussing the principles of transition between English and Chinese.

        【Key words】translation; syntax of English and Chinese; comparison

        I. Introduction

        English and Chinese are two completely different languages. Translation is not just a word-to-word or term-to-term work, it is also the interaction of the two languages and their cultural systems. The so-called system in the narrative model reflects in the layers of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. In a wider sense, it reflects the values of the users, philosophy, mentality, cultures and so on.

        English speakers are expressing their ideas from English culture in English language, and we Chinese speakers express things in our language in our culture. When doing English-Chinese translation, we should understand English like its native speakers, but it is not easy to understand it completely. So it is difficult to express Chinese ideas in English.

        From above all, only by a thorough improvement of comprehension in the cognition of natures and differences of English and Chinese respectively, can we polish the ability of the transition of English and Chinese.

        II. Comparison of Syntactic Structure of English and Chinese

        Language itself is a kind of cultural phenomenon. English and Chinese are the two most popular languages in the world and they respectively represent the western and eastern cultures. During translation, though the grammar and vocabulary can be used correctly, sentences will appear wrong in the way of the target language expresses. The root is the syntactic differences of English and Chinese sentence structures.

        2.1 General Syntactic Features

        By its origin, Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan family which includes more than four hundred languages and dialects and Chinese is a language that occurs at the earliest, circulates in the widest and possesses the most users. Besides, Chinese is most typical language among them. English belongs to Indo-European family, including twelve branches and more than one hundred languages. Almost more than half of the world populations treat the language as their mother tongue.

        2.2 Negative Sentences

        A sentence may be positive or negative in tone. English and Chinese share a lot in negative expressions, thus in translation, we can translate the negative form of the original text into target text directly.

        There are also dissimilarities however, in usage, vocabulary dealing, grammatical dealing, and even in languages logic between the English and Chinese in expressing negative concepts. Therefore, we must firstly understand whether the two languages use the same expression form in translating negative sentences, and then we could do translations, and take different methods of translating according to different negative forms so as to keep the translation be consistent to the original text in meaning and function. For example:

        All that glitters is not gold.

        Analysis:This is a typical example of partial negation. The phrase-“all ……nots” meaning in Chinese is “并不是所有……都……”. So when we are faced to this situation, we should make careful analysis according to the context and logical relation.

        Therefore, the sentence should be translated as “并不是所有發(fā)光的東西都是金子”.

        Ⅲ. Translation Strategies

        English and Chinese are two different language systems rooted in two different cultural backgrounds. The two languages have their own features during their development, and ways of their expression are also different. A sentence is made up of words and phrases. It is a kind of language unit that can express complete meanings and it is the most basic unit composing paragraphs and writings. Differences of principles of languages organization cause different languages with different features to sentence levels. English and Chinese have mass differences in sentence features. The following are some simple and accessible strategies:

        3.1 Adding/Abbreviation

        We usually use English to form sentences by morphological changes whose hypotaxis effect is very delicate. For instance, English words bear the form of both singular and plural pattern. Besides, the non-finite verbs respectively are the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle. But Chinese determines words grammatical function in the sentences and the meaning of the sentence only by virtue of word order and Chinese has no morphological changes.

        Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees are beautiful.

        譯文:冬天是研究樹木的最好季節(jié)。雖然樹葉落了,樹枝光了,但樹木本身卻是美的。

        The English words here-“trees、leaves、branches” are all in the form of plural, however, the translation in Chinese can not mark this plural form.

        3.2 Impersonal/Personal

        According to the fact that English and Chinese respectively stress impersonal and personal, transforming the narration mode consciously under different circumstances can make the translation smooth and conform to the expressive way of the target languages. In English to Chinese translation, we tend to turn the impersonal subject sentences into personal subject sentences while in Chinese to English translation, we are used to turn the personal subject sentences into impersonal subject sentences. For example,

        One sad letter from his wife brought him crying home.

        譯文:他因?yàn)橐环鈦碜运珎牡男哦宦房薜郊摇?/p>

        The original text of English emphasizes objects effect on people. The sentence emphasizes that “sad letter” affects “him”, making him “crying home.”. Therefore, when we translate the English to Chinese, we take “person” as the subject according to Chinese thinking way that emphasizes subjectivity of thinking mode.

        3.3 Positive/Negative

        Due to the differences of cultures and thinking ways of the two nations, the expressive ways are also identical. Sometimes, the meaning expressed through the negative examples should be expressed in a positive way. Similarly, sentences with negative words are not necessarily negative sentences, and those without negative words are not necessarily positive sentences, which are not in conformity with the so-called negative or positive sentences in grammar. For example,

        The last thing I want in this world is to hurt you.

        譯文:這個世界上我最不愿意做的事就是傷害你。

        In this sentence, there is no negative word, but it expresses the negative meaning.

        Ⅳ. Conclusion

        It seems that a real great translation does not necessarily consist of a great plenty of complex vocabularies. In order to present a great translation, then getting a good understanding of the syntactic differences of these two kinds of languages becomes especially important when we doing translation jobs. And it can also lead the translator to analyze and get the real meaning of the original text, and help him to choose the practical expressing correctly.

        References:

        [1]Guoliang,The Comparison of Existential Sentences of English and Chinese[J].Sichuan,Sichuan International Studies University,2002,2.

        [2]Nida,E.A.and Charles R.Taber,The Theory and Practice of Translation,Leiden:E.J.Bill,1969.

        [3]安柯潔.英漢句法差異[D].哈爾濱:哈爾濱師范大學(xué).2007,2.

        [4]陳寶釧.英漢句法對比及其對漢英翻譯的啟示[D].江西:江西理工大學(xué),2002,3.

        [5]曹暢.英漢句法比較與翻譯[D].內(nèi)蒙古:內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué), 2009,6.

        [6]陳華.英漢句法結(jié)構(gòu)對比研究[J].西安:西安電子科技大學(xué), 2004,1.

        猜你喜歡
        陳華西安電子科技大學(xué)句法結(jié)構(gòu)
        陳華莎、楊艷作品
        陳華
        現(xiàn)代漢語句法結(jié)構(gòu)解讀
        山西青年(2017年7期)2017-01-29 18:25:26
        《基本句法結(jié)構(gòu):無特征句法》評介
        Redefinition of Tragedy in Modern Age: The Case of Death of a Salesman
        OnRadicalFeminism
        EmploymentAgeDiscriminationonWomen
        ItIsBetterToGiveThanItIsToReceive
        沒有一只鳥會死在尋食的路上
        沒有一只鳥會死在尋食的路上
        知識窗(2012年12期)2012-02-11 10:52:03
        国产自拍精品一区在线观看| 午夜爽毛片| 亚洲综合天堂一二三区| 中文字幕精品一区二区三区| 色777狠狠狠综合| 久久福利青草精品免费| 日韩精品首页在线观看| 精品国产一区二区三区性色 | 肉体裸交丰满丰满少妇在线观看 | 新中文字幕一区二区三区| 手机看片久久国产免费| 国产成人精品午夜福利在线 | 国产又大又硬又粗| 无遮挡边吃摸边吃奶边做 | 久久久一本精品久久久一本| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人精品浪潮 | 国产免费人成视频在线| 欧美成妇人吹潮在线播放| 国模精品无码一区二区二区| 日韩人妻高清福利视频| 亚洲一区二区免费在线观看视频| 激性欧美激情在线| 国产91在线免费| 日韩产的人妻av在线网| 搡女人真爽免费视频大全| 妓院一钑片免看黄大片| 久久精品国产亚洲AV高清y w| 日本免费观看视频一区二区| 国产午夜福利不卡在线观看| 亚洲v日本v欧美v综合v| 日韩av综合色区人妻| 18禁在线永久免费观看| 精品熟女日韩中文十区| 久久亚洲精品成人AV无码网址| 成人自拍小视频在线看| 97色伦综合在线欧美视频| 人妻丰满熟妇AV无码片| 中文字幕日本在线乱码| 久9re热视频这里只有精品| 国内少妇自拍区免费视频| 91蜜桃精品一区二区三区毛片|