李娟

【關(guān)鍵詞】學(xué)生式;詞匯例句;遷移

【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1005-6009（2015）34-0078-01

2009年江蘇英語(yǔ)高考單項(xiàng)選擇有一題考查短語(yǔ)“break up”，為“分手”之意。筆者做過班級(jí)統(tǒng)計(jì)，所任兩個(gè)班級(jí)102名學(xué)生該題全部得分，無一人失分。詢問學(xué)生時(shí)，學(xué)生不假思索地答出：“Zhang Bo（班上一男孩名）and Wang fang（班上一女孩名）broke up.”原來，在教“break up/down/in/away”短語(yǔ)辨析時(shí)，曾讓學(xué)生自由造句，當(dāng)時(shí)一名愛開玩笑的男生造出該句，全班同學(xué)哄然大笑。此后教學(xué)中“break up”短語(yǔ)多次復(fù)現(xiàn)時(shí)，筆者就一直沿用該例句來加深學(xué)生記憶。學(xué)生對(duì)此詞匯的掌握程度引發(fā)了筆者對(duì)“學(xué)生式”例句的思考。

我歸納“學(xué)生式”例句的特點(diǎn)有通俗性、典型性、趣味性和遷移性。這種來自學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐更能引起學(xué)生的共鳴，有利于提高學(xué)生對(duì)于語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的識(shí)記效果。

我主要嘗試了以下四種“學(xué)生式”例句來助力詞匯（語(yǔ)法）教學(xué)。

1.造句競(jìng)賽法。

【例1】教授“while”一詞如下兩種用法

①教師例句示范：That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.學(xué)生例句摘選：★Sun Jun likes reading while Dai Tao prefers playing computer games.（Sun Jun，Dai Tao均為班內(nèi)學(xué)生）★Sun Jun loves power while Dai Tao prefers beauty.孫駿愛江山，然而戴濤更愛美人。（開Dai Tao玩笑，全班哄然大笑，后來班級(jí)同學(xué)通過這個(gè)“江山美人”例句記住了while一詞的用法。）

②教師例句示范：While I understand what you say，I cant agree with you.學(xué)生例句摘選：★While I dont like English，I find it very useful. ★While I have many shortcomings，Im still a good boy.★While Ye Ting has many girl friends，none of them likes him.（學(xué)生開Ye Ting玩笑，后班上有同學(xué)將此歸納為“葉挺”句型）

2.句型轉(zhuǎn)換法。

【例2】教授“同義表達(dá)”

Taiwan is part of China，as is known to us all.→As is known to us all，Taiwan is part of China.→Taiwan，as is known to us all，is part of China.→It is known to us all that Taiwan is part of China.→What is known to us all is that Taiwan is part of China.（因?yàn)榘嗌嫌幸幻_(tái)灣籍學(xué)生，該句型被命名為“臺(tái)灣句型”，全班學(xué)生馬上記住了這些句式。）

3.語(yǔ)境記憶法。

【例3】教授“could have done”用法

Dai Tao could have attended my birthday party，but he was busy preparing for his final exam.

4.詞匯遷移法。

【例4】教授“分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)”用法

學(xué)生佳句：Lost in thought，he almost ran into a tree in front of him.

教師分析：找出基本詞組be lost in（埋頭于;專心于），可轉(zhuǎn)換為 lose oneself in，相當(dāng)于As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a tree in front of him.學(xué)生對(duì)之進(jìn)行句式遷移，如：Absorbed in playing computer games，I failed the physics exam./Devoted to playing tennis，he made much progress./Tired of drinking coffee，Id like to have a cup of tea.

總之，新課程下教師要改變教學(xué)觀念，相信學(xué)生，敢于放手，盡量改變教師“一言堂”和“滿堂問”的情況，做學(xué)生的助教。

（作者單位：江蘇省太倉(cāng)高級(jí)中學(xué)）