一、引導(dǎo)詞

1.that/what

that在名詞性從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，而what在名詞性從句中要擔(dān)任主語、賓語以及表語。

如：They don't know ——it takes to finish the job.

（解析：從句中缺少賓語，所以選填what。）

2.whether/if

引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)只用whether，

介詞后的賓語從句只用whether引導(dǎo)。

與to do連用時(shí)只用whether引導(dǎo)。

與or not連用時(shí)只用whether引導(dǎo)。

如：It depends on he will come.

（解析：從句作介詞的賓語所以選用whether。）

3.that/whether

that表示肯定內(nèi)容，而whether則表示有疑問。

例1.he likes him is unknown.

例2.he doesn't like him is none of my business.

（解析：例1中根據(jù)unknown知道此句是有疑問的，所以選用whether；例2中根據(jù)doesn't知道此句是沒有疑問的，所以選用that。）

4.特殊疑問詞+ever/no matter+特殊疑問詞

Whenever/wherever=no matter when/where

Whatever 1）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)=anything that

1）引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)=no matter what

如：1）I don't believe he says.2） he says， I don't believe him.

whoever1）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)=anyone who

2）引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí) =no matter who

3）breaks the window will be punished.

注：與who的區(qū)別：who指做這件事的那個(gè)人，而Whoever指任何一個(gè)可以做這件事的人。

4）breaks the window is unknown.

與whomever的區(qū)別：Whoever在從句中作主語或賓語，而whomever只能作賓語。

5）You can give the book to needs it.

二、語序

名詞性從句中語序都得用陳述語序。（What's the matter？意思為“怎么啦？”時(shí)除外。）

如：I don't know what they are talking about.

三、it的用法

1.做形式主語

從句作主語時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常用it來代替從句，而把從句放到最后面。

如：That he couldn't come made us upset.

It made us upset that he couldn't come.

2.做形式賓語

從句作賓語時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常用it來代替從句，而把從句放到最后面。就變成了：

V+it+adj/n+賓語從句

The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running.

牛刀小試：

1. is known to the world， China's Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men's 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.

A. That B. Which C. As D. It

2. China got the second place in the 2004 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited.

A. Whenever B. Whether C. If D. That

3.An idea occurred to me I might turn to my English teacher for help.

A. which B. that C. where D. When

4. was of little importance.

A.Whether he passed the examination or not

B.No matter he might pass the examination

C.He might pass the examination

D.What he passed the examination

5.Word came from Mr. Smith he could arrive on the following Saturday.

A.about which B.that C.whether D.of which

6..I believe you've done your best and things will improve very soon.

A.whether that B.不填；that C.that； which D.if；that

7. was known to them that Bob hadbroken his promise he would give them a rise.

A.What；what B.It；which C.As；that D.It；that

8.Actually， girls can be they want to be just like boys， whether it is a pilot， an astronaut， or a general manager.

A.wherever B.however C.whatever D.whoever

9.Perhaps most separates the successful people from others is hey live on purpose.

A.what；that B.that；what C.that；that D.what；what

10.The parents were worried about their daughter because nobody was aware of she had gone.

A.to which B.the place which C.the place D. where

11.When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule.Always give the monkey exactly he wants.

A.what B.which C.when D.That

12.Determination is a kind of quality and that is it takes to do anything well.

A.that B.which C.why D.what

13.After five hours' drive， they reached they thought was the place they'd been dreaming of.

A.that B.where C.which D.what

14.There is no doubt China is always trying to keep world peace and against any war.

A.that B.whether C.if D.When

15. is important to her， she told me，is her family.

A.As B.It C.What D.That

（答案：CDBAB BDCAD ADDAC）

（作者單位：江蘇省泰州市興化市戴南高級(jí)中學(xué)）