摘要:目的 分析結(jié)直腸癌組織長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)LINC00342、微小RNA-203a-3p(miR-203a-3p)表達(dá)水平與患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法 采集133例結(jié)直腸癌患者的結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌旁組織。熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)LncRNA LINC00342和miR-203a-3p表達(dá);術(shù)后隨訪5年記錄患者生存和死亡情況。比較不同情況下LncRNA LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)及臨床病理參數(shù)。分析結(jié)直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)的相關(guān)性、與預(yù)后的關(guān)系及對(duì)預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342表達(dá)水平高于癌旁組織,miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平低于癌旁組織(P<0.05)。結(jié)直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342與miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。LncRNA LINC00342高表達(dá)組、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)組腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例分別高于LncRNA LINC00342低表達(dá)組和miR-203a-3p高表達(dá)組(P<0.05)。LncRNA LINC00342高表達(dá)組、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)組術(shù)后5年總生存率更低(P<0.05)。死亡組腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例、LncRNA LINC00342表達(dá)水平高于存活組,miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平低于存活組(P<0.05)。腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、LncRNA LINC00342高表達(dá)、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)是影響患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。LncRNA LINC00342和miR-203a-3p聯(lián)合對(duì)預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值高于單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè)。結(jié)論 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342呈高表達(dá),miR-203a-3p呈低表達(dá),二者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)有望成為預(yù)測(cè)術(shù)后生存的臨床評(píng)估指標(biāo)。
關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)直腸腫瘤;RNA,長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼;預(yù)后;長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA LINC00342;微小RNA-203a-3p
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R735.34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20231812
Expression of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p in colorectal cancer tissue and their relationship with prognosis
WANG Xinbo, LUO Bingqing, SHI Yubao, ZHANG Ye, XI Jiangwei
Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075100, China
Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between expression levels of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) LINC00342 and microRNA-203a-3p (miR-203a-3p) in colorectal cancer tissue and the prognosis of patients within 5 years after surgery. Methods Samples of colorectal cancer tissue and paracancer tissue of 133 patients with colorectal cancer were collected. Expression levels of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Survival and death were recorded after 5 years of follow-up. The LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p expressions and clinicopathological parameters in patients under different conditions were compared. The correlation between expressions of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p in colorectal cancer tissue was analyzed, and their predictive value for the prognosis was also analyzed. Results The expression level of LncRNA LINC00342 was higher in colorectal cancer tissue than that in paracancer tissue, and the expression level of miR-203a-3p was lower in colorectal cancer tissue than that in paracancer tissue (P<0.05). The expression levels of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p in colorectal cancer tissue were negatively correlated (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ and lymph node metastasis were higher in the LncRNA LINC00342 high expression group and the miR-203a-3p low expression group than those in the LncRNA LINC00342 low expression group and the miR-203a-3p high expression group, respectively (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate after operation was lower in the LncRNA LINC00342 high expression group and the miR-203a-3p low expression group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ, lymph node metastasis, and higher expression level of LncRNA LINC00342 were higher in colorectal cancer tissue of the death group than those in the survival group, and the expression level of miR-203a-3p was lower than that in the survival group (P<0.05). Low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ, lymph node metastasis, high expression of LncRNA LINC00342 and low expression of miR-203a-3p were independent risk factors for death within 5 years after colorectal cancer surgery (P<0.05). The combined predictive value of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p for prognosis was greater than that of individual prediction. Conclusion LncRNA LINC00342 is higher expressed and miR-203a-3p is lower expressed in colorectal cancer tissue, and the combined detection of the two is expected to become a clinical evaluation indicator for predicting postoperative survival.
Key words: colorectal neoplasms; RNA, long noncoding; prognosis; LncRNA LINC00342; miR-203a-3p
結(jié)直腸癌是一種全球常見(jiàn)的消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,隨著生活環(huán)境和飲食習(xí)慣的改變,其發(fā)病率和死亡率呈逐年上升的趨勢(shì),已成為威脅人類(lèi)生命健康的第三大惡性腫瘤[1-2]。近年來(lái)癌癥生物標(biāo)志物的研究廣受關(guān)注,但結(jié)直腸癌患者的總體死亡率尚未有明顯改善,臨床上缺乏患者預(yù)后的特異性預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),無(wú)法根據(jù)患者術(shù)后病情制定預(yù)后改善方案[3-4]。長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)是核苷酸長(zhǎng)度大于200的不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的RNA。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LncRNA在DNA轉(zhuǎn)錄后加工、機(jī)體表觀遺傳及人類(lèi)疾病調(diào)控等方面具有重要功能[5-6]。LncRNA LINC00342是一種在多種惡性腫瘤中表達(dá)上調(diào)的新型LncRNA,其可通過(guò)參與多種分子機(jī)制或信號(hào)通路在癌癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[7]。微小RNA(miRNA,miR)是長(zhǎng)約22個(gè)核苷酸的高度保守的小分子RNA,其可通過(guò)mRNA降解或翻譯參與相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)調(diào)節(jié)。miR-203a-3p在癌細(xì)胞增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移、侵襲等過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用[8]。有研究顯示,LINC00342可通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性靶向miR-203a-3p來(lái)促進(jìn)非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)移[9]。LINC00342和miR-203a-3p均可影響癌癥的發(fā)展進(jìn)程,然而二者的表達(dá)情況與結(jié)直腸癌術(shù)后預(yù)后的關(guān)系尚不明確。本研究旨在通過(guò)分析結(jié)直腸癌患者癌組織中二者表達(dá)與患者術(shù)后生存的關(guān)系,為改善結(jié)直腸癌患者預(yù)后提供理論支持。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選擇2015年9月—2018年8月于我院住院手術(shù)治療的結(jié)直腸癌患者133例,其中男68例,女65例,年齡32~75歲,平均(55.23±9.34)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合結(jié)直腸癌診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10]。(2)手術(shù)獲取所需組織標(biāo)本并保存完整。(3)患者入院前未進(jìn)行過(guò)手術(shù)、放療、化療等治療。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)自身免疫疾病者。(2)其他部位惡性腫瘤者。(3)嚴(yán)重器官損傷者。(4)臨床或隨訪資料不全、失訪病例。本研究已通過(guò)本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):2015-附二院LS-044),獲得患者及其家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)LINC00342和miR-203a-3p表達(dá) 取術(shù)后收集的結(jié)直腸癌組織及癌旁組織(距離腫瘤組織>3 cm),加裂解液研磨為勻漿,使用RNA提取試劑盒(大連晶泰生物科技公司)按照說(shuō)明書(shū)步驟提取組織中RNA,將所得RNA檢測(cè)純度及濃度后,按照反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(美國(guó)賽默飛世爾公司)中說(shuō)明書(shū)步驟反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。設(shè)計(jì)引物并使用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀(型號(hào)CFX Opus 384,廣州國(guó)奧生物技術(shù)公司)檢測(cè)LINC00342(內(nèi)參GAPDH)和miR-203a-3p(內(nèi)參U6)的表達(dá),引物由大連晶泰生物科技公司設(shè)計(jì),見(jiàn)表1。根據(jù)PCR試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)配制26 μL反應(yīng)總體系:PCR試劑11 μL,上、下游引物各1.5 μL,cDNA 2 μL,滅菌蒸餾水10 μL。擴(kuò)增條件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 21 s,59 ℃ 19 s,74 ℃ 31 s,共33個(gè)循環(huán)。采用2-ΔΔCt法量化LINC00342和miR-203a-3p的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平。
1.3 術(shù)后隨訪 根據(jù)《中國(guó)結(jié)直腸癌診療規(guī)范(2017年版)》[10]給予術(shù)后患者個(gè)體化治療(包括放療、化療、靶向治療等),并隨訪5年。隨訪頻率為每3個(gè)月進(jìn)行1次,隨訪方式為電話和門(mén)診復(fù)查,術(shù)后第1天開(kāi)始隨訪,截至2023年8月31日。記錄5年內(nèi)患者生存和死亡情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 26.0軟件處理數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差[([x] ±s)]表示,2組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);Pearson法分析結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)的相關(guān)性;Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)與患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)預(yù)后的關(guān)系;多因素Cox回歸分析患者術(shù)后5年預(yù)后的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評(píng)價(jià)LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)對(duì)患者5年預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,Delong檢驗(yàn)比較曲線下面積(AUC)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 結(jié)直腸癌和癌旁組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)比較 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342表達(dá)水平高于癌旁組織,miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平低于癌旁組織(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)的相關(guān)性分析 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342與miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.522,P<0.01)。
2.3 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)與患者臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系 見(jiàn)表3。根據(jù)結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342表達(dá)水平的平均值(2.41)和miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平的平均值(0.65)分為高表達(dá)組(≥平均值)和低表達(dá)組(<平均值)。兩指標(biāo)高表達(dá)組與低表達(dá)組間年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大小差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);LINC00342高表達(dá)組、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)組腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例分別高于LINC00342低表達(dá)組和miR-203a-3p高表達(dá)組(P<0.05)。
2.4 結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)與患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)存活率的關(guān)系 患者術(shù)后隨訪5年,存活85例(63.91%,存活組),死亡48例(36.09%,死亡組)。其中LINC00342高表達(dá)組術(shù)后5年總生存率低于LINC00342低表達(dá)組[(50.62%(41/81) vs. 84.62%(44/52),Log-rank χ2=77.341,P<0.001);miR-203a-3p高表達(dá)組術(shù)后5年總生存率高于miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)組[85.71%(48/56) vs. 48.05%(37/77),Log-rank χ2=15.669,P<0.001],見(jiàn)圖1。
2.5 不同生存情況結(jié)直腸癌患者臨床病理參數(shù)、LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)比較 存活組和死亡組年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大小差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);死亡組腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例、LINC00342表達(dá)水平高于存活組,miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平低于存活組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.6 結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)死亡的影響因素分析 以患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)死亡情況(死亡=1,存活=0)為因變量,以腫瘤分化程度(低分化=1,中高分化=0)、TNM分期(Ⅲ期=1,Ⅰ—Ⅱ期=0)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(有=1,無(wú)=0)、LINC00342(高表達(dá)=1,低表達(dá)=0)、miR-203a-3p(低表達(dá)=1,高表達(dá)=0)為自變量,進(jìn)行多因素Cox回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、LINC00342高表達(dá)和miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)是患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表5。
2.7 LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達(dá)對(duì)患者術(shù)后5年存活的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值 繪制LINC00342、miR-203a-3p預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)存活的ROC曲線,結(jié)果顯示結(jié)直腸癌組織LINC00342、miR-203a-3p及兩者聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)存活的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值均較高,其中兩者聯(lián)合的預(yù)測(cè)效果高于兩指標(biāo)單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè)的AUC(Z分別為1.681和1.860,P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖2、表6。
3 討論
結(jié)直腸癌是惡性腫瘤中發(fā)病率和致死率均較高的癌癥之一。結(jié)直腸癌炎癥微環(huán)境中的炎性細(xì)胞因子可引起相關(guān)DNA損傷和抑癌基因突變,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸上皮細(xì)胞異常增殖,導(dǎo)致結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展[11-12]。結(jié)直腸癌早期缺乏明顯癥狀且進(jìn)展較快,因此大多數(shù)患者在發(fā)現(xiàn)病情時(shí)已進(jìn)展至中晚期,只能通過(guò)放化療延長(zhǎng)生存時(shí)間,治愈率較低[13]。目前臨床上對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌的篩查手段主要以影像學(xué)檢查、糞便隱血檢查和腸鏡檢查為主,但由于結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展由多基因調(diào)控、多因素參與,這些檢查手段難以判斷癌癥進(jìn)程,難以預(yù)估結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后生存情況[14]。因此,臨床上迫切需要能夠評(píng)估患者病情且與術(shù)后生存密切相關(guān)的特異性診斷手段。
近年來(lái),LncRNA和miRNA在癌癥方面的作用受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)LncRNA是一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性?xún)?nèi)源RNA,可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)靶基因的表達(dá)在癌癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展等過(guò)程中發(fā)揮作用[15]。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,LINC00342在多種癌癥中,如乳腺癌組織和細(xì)胞中表達(dá)上調(diào),通過(guò)沉默LINC00342表達(dá)可抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲[16]。Yao等[17]研究表明,LINC00342可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)miR-203a-3p的表達(dá)促進(jìn)原發(fā)性肝癌細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲和遷移。MiRNA可參與人體多種病理過(guò)程的調(diào)節(jié),如miR-203a-3p可調(diào)節(jié)胃癌細(xì)胞鐵依賴(lài)性死亡[18]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-203a-3p在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中呈低表達(dá),其過(guò)表達(dá)會(huì)抑制腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)[19]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342表達(dá)水平高于癌旁組織,miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平低于癌旁組織,與郭瑩葉[16,19]等的研究結(jié)果一致,表明LINC00342高表達(dá)、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)可能參與結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病進(jìn)程。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)直腸癌組織中LINC00342和miR-203a-3p表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān),且LINC00342高表達(dá)組、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)組腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者比例分別高于LINC00342低表達(dá)組和miR-203a-3p高表達(dá)組;結(jié)合Yao等[17]的研究結(jié)果,筆者推測(cè)二者可能存在靶向調(diào)控關(guān)系,共同參與結(jié)直腸癌的病情進(jìn)展和惡化,但其具體作用機(jī)制尚不明晰。
有研究報(bào)道胃癌組織和細(xì)胞系中LINC00342表達(dá)上調(diào),LINC00342高表達(dá)胃癌患者預(yù)后較差[20]。Qasemi Rad等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)直腸癌組織中miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)患者腫瘤惡性程度高且生存時(shí)間較短。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),LINC00342高表達(dá)和miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后5年總生存率均較低,且術(shù)后5年內(nèi)死亡患者LINC00342表達(dá)水平高于存活者,miR-203a-3p表達(dá)水平低于存活者;與Liu等[20-21]的報(bào)道一致,提示二者表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后預(yù)后緊密相關(guān),LINC00342高表達(dá)和miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)預(yù)后較差。Cox分析和ROC曲線結(jié)果顯示,腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、LINC00342高表達(dá)、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)是影響結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)死亡的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,LINC00342和miR-203a-3p兩者聯(lián)合對(duì)患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)存活的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值較高;提示LINC00342和miR-203a-3p有望成為預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后生存的臨床評(píng)估指標(biāo),且對(duì)于有上述危險(xiǎn)因素的患者,臨床上要密切關(guān)注,及時(shí)干預(yù),以延長(zhǎng)患者生存期。
綜上,LINC00342、miR-203a-3p的表達(dá)水平與結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后5年內(nèi)預(yù)后密切相關(guān),LINC00342高表達(dá)、miR-203a-3p低表達(dá)均對(duì)患者術(shù)后生存不利,兩者聯(lián)合對(duì)預(yù)后具有較高的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。但本研究尚存在不足之處:未探索LINC00342、miR-203a-3p影響結(jié)直腸癌進(jìn)展的具體作用機(jī)制,且影響結(jié)直腸癌患者5年生存率的因素較多,尚需進(jìn)一步探究。
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(2023-12-01收稿 2024-03-14修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)