【摘要】 目的:比較關(guān)節(jié)鏡與開放手術(shù)修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶治療慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)的臨床效果和安全性。方法:計算機檢索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中國知網(wǎng)(CNKI)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫和中國科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫,納入關(guān)節(jié)鏡與開放手術(shù)修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶治療慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)的相關(guān)研究。檢索時限從建庫起至2022年3月。由兩位研究者獨立進行文獻篩選、資料提取和方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評價后,采用RevMan 5.4軟件進行Meta分析。結(jié)果:共納入10篇文獻,共521例患者。在療效方面,與開放手術(shù)組相比,關(guān)節(jié)鏡組術(shù)后美國矯形足踝協(xié)會(AOFAS)評分更高,視覺模擬評分法(VAS)評分更低,恢復(fù)正常生活時間更短,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05);在安全性方面,兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。結(jié)論:與開放手術(shù)相比,關(guān)節(jié)鏡下修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶治療慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)可取得更好的臨床效果,同時不會增加術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn) 外側(cè)副韌帶 關(guān)節(jié)鏡 開放手術(shù) Meta分析
Meta-analysis of the Clinical Effect and Safety of Arthroscopic and Open surgery for Repairing Lateral Collateral Ligament in the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Instability of the Ankle Joint/LI Jian, ZHEN Dong, GUO Caifen. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(18): -165
[Abstract] Objective: To compare the clinical effect and safety of arthroscopic and open surgery for repairing lateral collateral ligament in the treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint. Method: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database and database of Chinese sci-tech periodicals were searched by computer, and relevant studies of arthroscopic and open surgery repair of lateral collateral ligament in the treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint were included. The search period is from the establishment of the database to March 2022. After literature screening, data extraction and methodological quality evaluation were conducted independently by two researchers, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Result: A total of 10 articles were included, involving 521 patients. In terms of curative effect, compared with the open surgery group, the American orthopedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) score was higher, the visual analogue scales (VAS) score was lower, and the time to return to normal life was shorter in the arthroscopic group, the differences were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). In terms of safety, there were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative complications between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open surgery, arthroscopic repair of lateral collateral ligament in the treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint can achieve better clinical effect, and without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications.
[Key words] Chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint Lateral collateral ligament Arthroscopic Open surgery Meta-analysis
First-author's address: Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.18.037
踝關(guān)節(jié)扭傷是最常見的運動損傷之一,反復(fù)扭傷可導(dǎo)致慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)[1-2]。距腓前韌帶(anterior talofibular ligament,ATFL)是最常受累的踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)副韌帶,其次是跟腓韌帶(calcaneofibular ligament,CFL)[3-5]。對初次急性踝關(guān)節(jié)扭傷常采用保守治療,然而,有超過20%的踝關(guān)節(jié)扭傷進展為慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)并需手術(shù)治療[6-7]。既往開放式改良Brostr?m-Gould手術(shù)是踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)副韌帶修復(fù)的首選術(shù)式[8]。近年來,隨著關(guān)節(jié)鏡技術(shù)的發(fā)展,鏡下修復(fù)踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)副韌帶越來越受運動醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)生的青睞[9]。但目前臨床對于選擇哪種手術(shù)治療慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)仍存在爭議。為此,本研究旨在通過檢索國內(nèi)外關(guān)節(jié)鏡與開放手術(shù)修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶治療慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)的相關(guān)研究進行Meta分析,以為臨床醫(yī)師提供參考依據(jù),現(xiàn)總結(jié)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 文獻檢索 計算機檢索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中國知網(wǎng)(CNKI)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫和中國科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索時限從建庫起至2022年3月。英文檢索詞:“ankle instability”“l(fā)ateral ankle ligament” “anterior talofibular ligament”“arthroscopic”“minimally invasive”“open”“Brostr?m”;中文檢索詞:“踝關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)”“踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)副韌帶”“距腓前韌帶”“關(guān)節(jié)鏡”“微創(chuàng)”“開放”“Brostr?m”。
1.2 納入標準與排除標準 (1)納入標準:①研究類型為隨機對照研究、前瞻性隊列研究、回顧性隊列研究。②研究對象:慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)。③干預(yù)措施:試驗組為關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù),對照組為開放手術(shù)。④隨訪時間:≥12個月。(2)排除標準:①文獻類型是綜述、個案報道、社論、尸體研究或動物實驗;②無法獲取全文的文獻;③重復(fù)發(fā)表的文獻。
1.3 文獻篩選與數(shù)據(jù)提取 2位作者獨立檢索文獻及閱讀文獻,根據(jù)納入標準獨立篩選文獻后交叉核對,若存在分歧則由第3位作者進行判定。提取的數(shù)據(jù)包括第一作者姓名、發(fā)表時間、例數(shù)、平均年齡、手術(shù)方式、結(jié)局指標、隨訪時間等。
1.4 文獻質(zhì)量評價 由2位研究者采用Cochrane 5.1手冊的偏倚風(fēng)險評估標準對最終納入的文獻單獨進行質(zhì)量評價并核對,不一致之處則由第3位評價者判定。評價項目包括:(1)隨機序列的產(chǎn)生;(2)分配隱藏;(3)患者及實施者盲法;(4)結(jié)果評價者盲法;(5)數(shù)據(jù)的完整性;(6)選擇性報告;(7)其他偏倚。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用RevMan 5.4軟件進行Meta分析。對各研究的美國足踝外科協(xié)會(AOFAS)踝-后足評分、視覺模擬評分法(VAS)評分、術(shù)后恢復(fù)正常生活時間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥進行Meta分析;用Q檢驗進行異質(zhì)性檢驗,并用I2指數(shù)反映異質(zhì)性的嚴重程度,I2≤50%選用固定效應(yīng)模型,I2gt;50%選用隨機效應(yīng)模型。計數(shù)資料采用比值比(odds ratio,OR)、連續(xù)變量資料采用均數(shù)差(mean difference,MD)作為合并效應(yīng)量,并描述其95%可信區(qū)間(credibility interval,CI)。以Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 納入文獻結(jié)果 初步檢索以上數(shù)據(jù)庫,共檢出相關(guān)文獻1 346篇,進一步篩選后最終納入10篇文獻[10-19],見圖1。
2.2 納入文獻的基本特征 所納10篇文獻,其中1篇為隨機對照研究,9篇為回顧性分析,共521例患者,關(guān)節(jié)鏡組272例,開放手術(shù)組249例,見表1。
2.3 納入文獻的質(zhì)量評價 納入的1項隨機對照研究采用隨機區(qū)組分組,未說明分配隱藏方案及盲法實施情況,其余研究均為回顧性分析,結(jié)果顯示研究存在低、中度偏倚,見圖2。
2.4 Meta分析結(jié)果
2.4.1 術(shù)后踝關(guān)節(jié)AOFAS評分 8項研究[10-12,14-16,18-19]
報道了兩種手術(shù)方式患者術(shù)后踝關(guān)節(jié)AOFAS評分,共411例患者,經(jīng)異質(zhì)性檢驗,研究間無異質(zhì)性(I2=36%,P=0.15),選用固定效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示:兩組AOFAS評分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=1.33,95%CI(0.32,2.33),P=0.01]。見圖3。
2.4.2 術(shù)后踝關(guān)節(jié)VAS評分 6篇研究[11,13-16,19]報道了兩種手術(shù)方式患者術(shù)后VAS評分,共314例患者,經(jīng)異質(zhì)性檢驗,研究間無異質(zhì)性(I2=19%,P=0.29),選用固定效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示:兩組術(shù)后VAS評分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=-0.32,95%CI(-0.50,-0.14),P=0.000 4]。見圖4。
2.4.3 術(shù)后恢復(fù)正常生活時間 3篇研究[10,13,17]分別報道了兩種手術(shù)方式患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)正常生活時間,共175例患者,經(jīng)異質(zhì)性檢驗,研究間無異質(zhì)性(I2=2%,P=0.36),選用固定效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示:兩組術(shù)后恢復(fù)正常生活時間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=-1.86,95%CI(-2.53,-1.18),Plt;0.000 01]。見圖5。
2.4.4 術(shù)后總并發(fā)癥 9篇研究[10-15,17-19]報道了兩種手術(shù)方式患者的術(shù)后總并發(fā)癥,共469例患者,經(jīng)異質(zhì)性檢驗,研究間無異質(zhì)性(I2=0%,P=0.91),用固定效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示:兩組術(shù)后總并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=0.91,95%CI(0.50,1.64),P=0.75]。見圖6。
2.4.5 術(shù)后踝關(guān)節(jié)神經(jīng)損傷并發(fā)癥 7篇研究[10-15,19]
報道了兩種手術(shù)方式患者的術(shù)后神經(jīng)損傷并發(fā)癥,共354例患者,經(jīng)異質(zhì)性檢驗,研究間有異質(zhì)性(I2=67 %,P=0.006),用隨機效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示:兩組術(shù)后神經(jīng)損傷并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=0.59,95%CI(0.13,2.67),P=0.50]。見圖7。
2.4.6 術(shù)后踝關(guān)節(jié)傷口并發(fā)癥 6篇研究[10,12-15,17]報道了兩種手術(shù)方式患者的術(shù)后傷口并發(fā)癥,共317例患者,經(jīng)異質(zhì)性檢驗,研究間無異質(zhì)性(I2=0%,P=0.76),用固定效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示:兩組術(shù)后傷口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=0.55,95%CI(0.21,1.39),P=0.20]。見圖8。
3 討論
開放式Brostr?m-Gould手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)外副韌帶修復(fù)首選術(shù)式,該技術(shù)于1980年首次提出并應(yīng)用于臨床,它通過縫合伸肌支持帶來修復(fù)或加固距腓前韌帶及跟腓韌帶[20]。隨著微創(chuàng)理念的深入及關(guān)節(jié)鏡技術(shù)的普及,關(guān)節(jié)鏡下微創(chuàng)修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶得到了運動醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)生的認可,并有望成為未來修復(fù)外踝副韌帶的首選[21],其作為一種微創(chuàng)手術(shù),理論上具有創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后疼痛輕、加速康復(fù)等優(yōu)勢[22]。同時,關(guān)節(jié)鏡在修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶的同時,還可以診斷性進行關(guān)節(jié)鏡檢查和治療伴隨的關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)病變。
本研究中,在臨床療效方面,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),與開放手術(shù)組相比,關(guān)節(jié)鏡組在術(shù)后AOFAS評分上較高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05),這與Brown等[23]的Meta分析結(jié)果相似,但Brown僅納入了4篇相關(guān)文獻,共207例患者,而本研究納入的研究例數(shù)及文獻均更多。同時我們還比較了兩組之間的VAS評分及術(shù)后恢復(fù)正常生活時間,發(fā)現(xiàn)均較開放手術(shù)組低,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05),表明關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)較開放手術(shù)組具有明顯的優(yōu)勢,也體現(xiàn)了關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)的微創(chuàng)優(yōu)點,因此目前的證據(jù)表明更支持關(guān)節(jié)鏡修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶治療慢性踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)。
在術(shù)后并發(fā)癥方面,雖然之前有研究表明,關(guān)節(jié)鏡在外側(cè)副韌帶修復(fù)術(shù)中的并發(fā)癥(包括神經(jīng)損傷及傷口并發(fā)癥)發(fā)生率(15.27%)高于開放修復(fù)(7.92%)[24],但我們對所納入的研究進行總并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、神經(jīng)損傷并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及傷口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率的統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,從研究的結(jié)果來看,兩組在總并發(fā)癥、神經(jīng)損傷及傷口并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率之間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(Pgt;0.05),這表明關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)與開放手術(shù)的安全性相當,關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)不會增加神經(jīng)損傷及傷口并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險,是一種非常安全且可替代開放手術(shù)修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶治療踝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)不穩(wěn)的技術(shù)。
綜上所述,關(guān)節(jié)鏡下修復(fù)外側(cè)副韌帶作為目前較新的微創(chuàng)技術(shù),在恢復(fù)術(shù)后踝關(guān)節(jié)功能、減少術(shù)后疼痛等方面均表現(xiàn)出了巨大優(yōu)勢,且其不會增加神經(jīng)損傷及傷口感染的風(fēng)險,符合現(xiàn)代快速康復(fù)外科的要求。但本文所納研究樣本量較小、大多為回顧性研究,降低了本研究結(jié)論的可靠性,同時遠期療效也尚需進一步隨訪觀察。故在今后的科研工作中應(yīng)進行多中心、大樣本、雙盲的隨機對照試驗,進一步驗證關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)在慢性外側(cè)踝關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)修復(fù)術(shù)中的臨床療效和安全性。
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(收稿日期:2023-01-30) (本文編輯:陳韻)