余信路

摘要：本文介紹高分書面表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)、失分的主要原因、以及如何有效提高英語寫作能力的五點(diǎn)做法。

關(guān)鍵詞：高中學(xué)生；寫作能力；有效；提高

中圖分類號(hào)：G633.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：B 文章編號(hào)：1674-9324（2015）13-0185-02

一、高分書面表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)

①審題正確；②要點(diǎn)全面；③結(jié)構(gòu)合理；④詞匯高級(jí)；⑤語法多樣；⑥過渡自然；⑦滿足詞數(shù)；⑧卷面整潔；⑨標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確；⑩書寫規(guī)范。

二、失分的主要原因

1.審題錯(cuò)誤，要點(diǎn)不全；2.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)不完整；3.語法錯(cuò)誤較多；4.書寫不規(guī)范。

三、如何有效提高英語寫作能力

第一，學(xué)會(huì)審題，使語篇結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

常用三段論，使語篇結(jié)構(gòu)完整。四種方法：

①看清題目、列出要點(diǎn)、標(biāo)上序號(hào)；②羅列提綱、寫出詞語、適當(dāng)添詞；③確定文章類型；④確定人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。

舉例說明：（福建2014高考）

如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面的引語（quotation），按要求用英語寫一篇短文。

“Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”

—Sir Winston，Churchill

內(nèi)容要求：①你對(duì)該引語的理解；②你的相關(guān)經(jīng)歷；③恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)尾。

審題步驟如下：

（一）分析要點(diǎn)

1.你對(duì)該引語的理解：①Success；②ability；③failure；④go from one failure to another；⑤enthusiasm；⑥with no loss of enthusiasm；⑦Sir Winston，Churchill；⑧not get discouraged after failures；⑨keep trying；⑩continue efforts

2.你的相關(guān)經(jīng)歷：1）at the age of...；2）failed in...；3）not give up；4）won success

3.恰當(dāng)結(jié)尾：1）difficult；2）stick

（二）羅列提綱

This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that...shouldn't get discouraged...keep trying with enthusiasm...Success consists in...continue efforts through failures.

At the age of twelve...got a bike...difficult to control...fell off the bike...give up...father encouraged...keep going...won success

we can't succeed in everything...stick at...

（三）用議論文

（四）用第一人稱、現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)（文章略）

第二，學(xué)會(huì)用高級(jí)詞匯。

“高級(jí)詞匯”指高中詞匯、初中詞匯但舊詞新義、高頻詞匯。用高級(jí)詞匯能使文章更精彩。三種方法：

1.用較高級(jí)的同義詞來替換普通詞匯。如：

1）It will be very interesting.（It will be a lot of fun.）

2）This red T-shirts isnt suitable for you.（...doesnt match...）

2.用短語替換單詞。如：

1）Take a moment to see what is happening around you.（...what is going on...）

2）Suddenly I had a good idea.（...I came up with a .../...a good idea occurred to me）

3.用高級(jí)詞匯替換第一反應(yīng)詞。指的是在第一時(shí)間內(nèi)所能想起的表達(dá)法。要替換為高級(jí)詞匯。如：

cause—give rise to，lead to，result in

difficult for sb.—beyond sb./out of ones reach

end—come to an stop/bring sth.to a conclusion

good—favorable，perfect，excellent，outstanding

know—be aware of，be familiar with

very—fairly，rather，extremely，in the extreme，intensely

請(qǐng)把2014年全國大綱卷高考參考文章“十年后的我”的劃線部分用高級(jí)詞匯替換：

...I think my life will be very different in ten years...I hope Ill work... Ill enjoy my work and... Ill do a good job... Ill continue to...

替換詞：In my opinion；of great difference；do hope；have a good time；favorable；go on。endprint

第三，學(xué)會(huì)用復(fù)雜多樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu)

評(píng)卷時(shí)特別在意多樣性。要用較多較復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和名言警句來表達(dá)。三種方法：

1.運(yùn)用復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)：固定句式、非謂語動(dòng)詞、主從復(fù)合句、改變句子開頭等。這些復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)能使文章充滿層次感。如：

1）固定句式.①感嘆：How happy I was to have done a good deed?、诘寡b：Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.③強(qiáng)調(diào)：It was in the year 1932 that shooting came back into the Olympic family.④省略：You can make some changes wherever necessary.⑤對(duì)比：When I play，I feel excited，and after it，I feel relaxed.⑥復(fù)合：The larger the population is，the more difficult it is to find a job.

2）非謂語動(dòng)詞.①It is good manners for us to keep quiet in the reading-room.②Many teenagers sit at their computers all day long，watching their favorite TV shows.③Followed by many students，she walked out of the room.④Thirdly，having eye exercises in break time helps relaxing our eyes.

3）主從復(fù)合句.As we all know，every coin has two sides.

I think if you go there from time to time，you will feel good and more energetic.

4）改變句子開頭.Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.

Hearing the bad news，the young man couldnt help crying.

2.名言警句。能使文章增色許多的名言警句常與如下句子一起使用。如：①One of the greatest early writers said，“Well begun is half done”.②“Knowledge is power”，such is the remark of...③“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”How often we hear such words like these. ④As the saying goes，All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

第四，學(xué)會(huì)正確使用連接詞。

“評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”指出，書面表達(dá)應(yīng)該注意“上下文的連貫性”，并能“有效地使用語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”。如：

1.并列：as well as，not only…but also，including，included等

2.對(duì)比：on one hand，on the other hand，on the contrary，for one thing；for another等

3.遞進(jìn)：besides，whats more，worse still，moreover，to make matters worse等

4.例證：in ones opinion，thats to say，for example，for instance，as a matter of fact等

5.時(shí)序：firstly，meanwhile，before long，ever since，while，at the same time，in the meantime，shortly after等

6.強(qiáng)調(diào)：especially，indeed，at least，What in the world/on earth，not at all等

7.因果：thanks to，as a result，because of/as a result of，with the help of，owe...to等

8.總結(jié)：in short；briefly/in brief；generally speaking，in a word，as is known to all等。

可設(shè)計(jì)成如下鞏固練習(xí)——請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞改寫下列各句：①E-mail and（改為as well as）telephones are playing an important part in daily communication.

②His house was in bad condition. And（改為whats worse/ worse still）it began to rain heavily.③What（增加on earth）are you going to do this weekend？④（增加Generally speaking）Boys are stronger than girls.

第五，學(xué)會(huì)規(guī)范工整書寫。

訓(xùn)練學(xué)生規(guī)范工整書寫，并認(rèn)真檢查拼寫、大小寫、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性等，開頭和結(jié)尾不要有明顯的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤，以免造成差印象。六種訓(xùn)練方法：①用0.5mm黑色簽字筆用力書寫；②在英語四線格內(nèi)書寫字母，單詞和句子；③用合適的詞形、詞間距、行間距和大小寫；④用手寫體寫字，并統(tǒng)一向右傾斜15度；⑤規(guī)范刪詞、加詞、改詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)；⑥在規(guī)定的區(qū)域內(nèi)答題。

總之，有效提高英語寫作的能力還有許多未盡之處，希望借此拋磚引玉，共同探討。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]余文森.課堂有效教學(xué)的理論與實(shí)踐[M].北京師范大學(xué)出版，2011.

[2]陳琳，等.英語教學(xué)研究與案例[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007.

[3]呂曉紅.高中英語寫作套路與演練[M].上海交通大學(xué)出版社，2004.endprint