徐曉麗

完形填空是既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、同義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法，又考查考生閱讀能力、邏輯推理以及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題型。如何掌握一定技巧，提高完形填空解題能力呢？

一、借助詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語(yǔ)篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

1. 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例1： At this time， a ___ comes to them. When the tall man sees the bear， he is so afraid.

A. lion B. tiger

C. bear D. zebra

[解析]本題選擇C，后面出現(xiàn)了原詞the bear，是一種原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

2. 同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例2： Kevin often makes ____ plans on the computer. And now he’s searching for information about the trip to America.

A. study B. travel

C. work D. food

[解析]句子中提到trip，答案為B.travel。兩者屬于同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

3. 反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例3： Cindy knows it’s good to wash her hands before meals. But she usually thinks of it ____ her meal is over.

A. because B. so

C. before D. after

[解析]飯前洗手是好的，但是Cindy總是在飯后才想起來。這里before對(duì)應(yīng)after，屬于反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

4. 上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

上下義是指詞的總稱和分解關(guān)系。

例4： Grace asks her mother， “Mom， have we got any drinks at home？” Her mother opens the fridge and answers， “Yes， we’ve got some ____.”

A. apples B. rice

C. carrots D. milk

[解析]選項(xiàng)中只有milk屬于drink，milk是drink的下義詞。

5. 詞語(yǔ)解釋

例5： Our teachers often say， “we can learn a lot of ____ from books. For example， to help other people， to be a nice man... All of them are very important in our life.”

A. jobs B. stories

C. studies D. lessons

[解析]我們可從書中學(xué)到什么呢？help other people， be a nice man是lessons。通過解釋說明的方式來重現(xiàn)。

二、借助詞匯同現(xiàn)

指的是某些語(yǔ)義相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)篇中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。

例6： We are in the bookshop now. Every child can ____ a book and take it home.

A. draw B. say

C. send D. choose

[解析]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，choose和書店的關(guān)聯(lián)性最強(qiáng)。

三、借助邏輯關(guān)系

根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系推斷答案，包括因果、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。

例7： The man is so afraid ____ he has no good idea.

A. because B. so

C. and D. but

[解析]他很害怕和想不出辦法，兩者是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，答案選D。

四、借助生活常識(shí)

根據(jù)生活常識(shí)得出答案。

例8： On Spring Festival eve， we usually have a ___ family dinner. We eat jiaozi and fish.

A. traditional B. healthy

C. beautiful D. happy

[解析]春節(jié)是中國(guó)的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，而餃子和魚肉是年夜飯傳統(tǒng)食品，答案是A。

五、借助固定搭配

主要指動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)賓搭配以及句式搭配。

例9： My grandfather takes a walk after dinner every day. He thinks it’s good ____ his health.

A. at B. with

C. for D. by

[解析]固定搭配“對(duì)……有好處”是be good for，選C。

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

掌握完形填空解題微技能，把語(yǔ)言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的語(yǔ)言情境中去，通過上下文對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握，是解題的關(guān)鍵。