楊華新

第一部分 顯性關聯導練

顯性關聯，其實也就是通常所說的詞語復現，是指某一個詞以原詞或其同根詞（如：protect與protection），以及它的同近義詞（如：foolish與stupid）、上義詞或是下義詞（如：coat是clothes的下義詞，而clothes是coat的上義詞）在文中不斷地反復出現的現象。它包括原詞復現、近義復現和上下義復現。

熱身練習

一、按要求寫詞 按照括號內的要求寫出正確的單詞形式。

1. protect（名詞） ______________

2. comfort（形容詞） ______________

3. possible （名詞） ______________

4. danger （形容詞） ______________

5. lazy （名詞） ______________

6. succeed （名詞） ______________

7. responsibility （形容詞）______________

8. lonely （名詞） ______________

9. explain （名詞） ______________

10. benefit （形容詞） ______________

11. begin （同義詞） ______________

12. foolish （同義詞） ______________

13. scared （同義詞） ______________

14. conference （同義詞） ______________

15. mend （同義詞） ______________

16. chance （同義詞） ______________

17. success （反義詞） ______________

18. pressure （同義詞） ______________

19. dark （反義詞） ______________

20. exhausted （同義詞） ______________

參考答案：

1. protection 2. comfortable

3. possibility 4. dangerous

5. laziness 6. success

7. responsible 8. loneliness

9. explanation 10. beneficial

11. start 12. stupid / silly

13. afraid/frightened 14. meeting

15. fix / repair 16. opportunity

17. failure 18. stress

19. bright 20. tired

二、寫上下義詞 仿照例子寫出上義詞或下義詞。

例：furniture： table， chair， desk， sofa， ...

1. ________：nose，eye，ear，________，_________...

2. ___________：badminton， running， diving， _________...

3. fruit： _______，pear， ________， ________， ________...

4. ___________： chair， table， __________， __________...

5. book：________， _________， __________， _________...

6. ________：cabbage， ________， ________， _________...

7. clothes：________， _________， _________， ________...

8. _________： bread， milk， _ _________， ___________...

9. animal：_______， _______， pig， ________， ________...

10. _________： China，Canada， _________， __________...

參考答案：

1. organ： face， head， mouth， head， heart， leg， arm， foot， chest， cheek， back， tooth...

2. sports： swimming， skating， climbing， skiing， hiking， shooting， table tennis...

3. fruit： apple， banana， berry， peach， grape， orange， pineapple， mango， pear...

4. furniture： chair， table， desk， sofa， cupboard， bed， shelf...

5. book： novel， magazine， newspaper， thriller， story-book， comic book...endprint

6. vegetable： eggplant， potato， tomato， cabbage， cucumber， pepper， pumpkin...

7. clothes：shoe， shirt， coat， dress， sock， stocking， glove， scarf， skirt， trousers...

8. food： sandwich， cake， porridge， rice， noodle， pork， beef， mutton， bread...

9. animal： cat， dog， cow， camel， monkey， panda， tiger， horse， bear， sheep， bee...

10. country： Russia， Japan， America， France， Germany， Holland， Australia， Finland...

解題方法

解答完形填空的時候，我們要瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，先找出句中的線索詞，看選項中哪個答案與之相呼應，然后能辨別出你是根據哪種類型的詞語復現來解題的。

請分析以下例題，找出每句話的線索詞并說出每句話是根據什么復現解題的。

1. Last week， we donated a great many things， such as food， clothes and books， to the homeless children， who were very thankful for our ___________.

A. progress B. donation C. behavior D. efforts

解析：由donated可知，那些無家可歸的小孩感激我們的“捐贈”，故選B，根據原詞復現解題。

2. She usually helps mom with the housework on weekends and mom praises her for her ___________.

A. assistance B. activity C. decision D. choice

解析：由help可知，媽媽表揚她的“幫助/協助”，故選A，用近義（同義）復現解題。

3. The ___________ of fever include high temperature， running nose and maybe a sore throat.

A. symptoms B. signs C. marks D. looks

解析：縱觀句意，選項中的symptoms包括high temperature， running nose and maybe a sore throat，因此選A。根據上下義復現解題。其中，symptoms是上義詞，high temperature， running nose和sore throat是下義詞。

強化練習

請同學們把上述所學到的詞語的顯性關聯策略完成以下的練習，并說出你解題時具體用到哪種復現。

1. He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________，he is quite popular with the people around him.

A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness

2. The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words，he is more and more _________.

A. forgetful B. unforgettable

C. easy-going D. hard-working

3. A stranger appeared at the party without being invited and his sudden and unexpected ____________ surprised all the guests present.

A. invitation B. crowd

C. appearance D. condition

4. Our head teacher is able to solve various problems and we all respect and admire him greatly for his ___________.

A. effects B. expectation

C. consideration D. abilities

5. I dont permit anyone to enter my bedroom. In other words， nobody can come into my bedroom without my ________.

A. disagreement B. permission

C. requirement D. suggestion

6. Although he explained this problem to us in great detail， his ___________ seemed unreasonable and couldnt convince us.endprint

A. explanation B. discussion

C. communication D. education

7. He chose to stay in the company instead of going on business， which， I think， is a sensible __________.

A. response B. request

C. choice D. relaxation

8. The newcomer impresses us with his good sense of humor. So humorous is he that he makes a deep ____________ on us.

A. possession B. impression

C. collection D. addiction

9. My deskmate often ___________ me in improving my maths. With his assistance， I managed to catch up with my fellow students.

A. assists B. prefers

C. insists D. encourages

10. What he said made no sense. It was really __________.

A. useless B. meaningless

C. homeless D. hopeless

11. The boy is very ____________. Because of his rude manners， he is often scolded by his parents.

A. impolite B. positive

C. lively D. curious

12. James is very ___________. He tends to attack other kids and fight with them.

A. strong B. aggressive

C. gentle D. firm

13. A _______ friend is someone you can always depend on.

A. stable B. suitable

C. reliable D. comfortable

14. We often team up with each other and by means of ____________，we learn from and benefit from one another.

A. co-operation B. performance

C. competition D. entertainment

15. He has been away from his company for a few weeks for no reason. His __________ surprises all the people who know him.

A. attitude B. appearance

C. presence D. absence

16. Im so glad to attend the conference and its my great honor to be ____________ and make a speech.

A. present B. different

C. possible D. direct

17. Different people have their own intentions and ambitions. Some intend to take up business while others ___________ to go in for politics.

A. happen B. lose

C. stop D. mean

18. The teaching building is being built. Thats to say， it is under __________.

A. leadership B. guidance C. discussion D. construction

19. He taught me how to rely on other ___________， particularly on my hearing.

A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses

20. To keep fit， you should keep away from the _________ foods， such as hamburgers， hot dogs and fried chicken， which are rich in fat.

A. junk B. healthy C. delicious D. smelly

21. He has many ___________， such as listening to music， reading， dancing， etc， among which playing chess is his favorite.endprint

A. habits B. hobbies C. duties D. choices

22. ___________ like tables and chairs are necessary for daily uses in our homes.

A. Furniture B. Decorations C. Tools D. Materials

23. My mother likes keeping ___________ such as dogs and cats.

A. fruits B. plants C. foods D. animals

24. Mary is a housewife and she has to do a lot of ________ including cooking， washing， cleaning， etc. every day.

A. homework B. housework C. exercises D. farmwork

25. If you want to go shopping， you need to take some ______ with you. You can take cash or credit cards， for example.

A. money B. paper C. bags D. baskets

26. Hiking，jogging and swimming are beneficial _______， which do good to our health.

A. knowledge B. things C. sports D. work

27. Toms teacher constantly advises him to put his heart into studies. However， he always turns a deaf ear to his teachers ___________.

A. tension B. worry C. order D. advice

28. Some students hold the view that its necessary for them to have a mobile phone， but in my view， a mobile phone is not a ____________ for middle school students.

A. fault B. secret C. necessity D. pleasure

29. The weather is always changing. Unless you take good care of yourself， youre likely to catch a cold because of the ____________ weather.

A. changeable B. enjoyable C. suitable D. comfortable

30. This kind of snake is ____________. It can kill a person in a minute.

A. vital B. deadly C. frightened D. painful

31. She _________ sadly. No matter how hard I tried to comfort her， she just kept crying.

A. appeared B. wept C. shouted D. shared

32. Stress， in some way， does us good， because under a certain amount of __________，we have more motivation（動力） to achieve what we want.

A. investigation B. pressure C. guidance D. discussion

33. I wonder where he comes from. In other words， I want to know his __________.

A. history B. possibility

C. nationality D. personality

34. The shop owner charged me a bit more， but later he gave the __________， 3.5yuan， back to me.

A. bag B. book C. paper D. change

35. My teacher advises us to donate some money to Japan. I think it is a useful piece of _________.

A. plan B. advice C. donation D. idea

36. He was very lazy and spent little time on his studies. Last term，he failed all the exams due to his ____________.endprint

A. laziness B. failure C. business D. effects

37. The flight was put off by the thick fog and the passengers were impatient with the __________.

A. failure B. disappearance C. delay D. situation

38. On the plane， smoking is not ____________. However， drinking is permitted.

A. attempted B. allowed C. protected D. requested

參考答案與解析

1. 由kind得知，答案選D。他很“友好”。根據原詞復現解題。

2. 由forget得知，老人越來越“健忘”，故答案選A，根據原詞復現解題。forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。

3. 由appeared得知，答案選C。他突如其來的“出現”。 根據原詞復現解題。

4. 由able得知，答案選D。我們佩服他的“能力”。 根據原詞復現解題。

5. 由permit得知，答案選B。不經過我的“允許”。 根據原詞復現解題。

6. 由explained得知，答案選A。他的“解釋”沒有道理。 根據原詞復現解題。

7. 由chose得知，答案選C。他選擇呆在家里是個明智的“選擇”。 根據原詞復現解題。

8. 由impresses得知，答案選B。他的幽默感給我留下了深刻的“印象”。 根據原詞復現解題。

9. 由assistance得知，答案選A。我同桌常?！皫椭蔽姨岣邤祵W。 根據原詞復現解題。

10. 由made no sense得知，答案選B。他的話“沒有意義”。根據近義復現解題。

11. 由rude manners得知，那個男孩很“無禮”，故答案選A，根據近義復現解題。

12. 由attack和fight with得知，答案選B。James“有攻擊性”。 根據近義復現解題。

13. 由depend on得知，答案選C。真正的朋友是“可靠的”。 根據近義復現解題。

14. 由team up with得知，答案選A。通過“合作”。 根據近義復現解題。

15. 由away得知，答案選D。他的“缺席”出乎大家的意料。 根據近義復現解題。

16. 由attend得知，答案選A?！俺鱿辈l(fā)表講話很榮幸。 根據近義復現解題。

17. 由intend得知，答案選D?！按蛩恪睆恼?。 根據近義復現解題。

18. 由built得知，答案選D。教學樓在“構建”當中。 根據近義復現解題。

19. 選項中的senses包括hearing，因此選D。sense是上義詞，hearing是下義詞。根據上下義復現解題。

20. 選項中的junk food是上義詞，包括下義詞hamburgers， hot dogs and fried chicken，因此選A。根據上下義復現解題。

21. listening to music， reading， dancing是下義詞，hobby是上義詞，因此選B。根據上下義關聯解。

22. tables and chairs是furniture的一部分，因此選A。furniture是上義詞，tables and chairs是下義詞。根據上下義復現解題。

23. dogs and cats從屬于animals，因此選D。animals是上義詞，dogs and cats是下義詞。根據上下義復現解題。

24. housework是上義詞，包括cooking， washing， cleaning等下義詞，因此選B。根據上下義關聯解題。

25. money是上義詞，cash和credit cards是下義詞，因此選A。根據上下義復現解題。

26. sports是上義詞，包括hiking， jogging and swimming等下義詞，因此選C。根據上下義關聯解題。

27. 選項中的advice與advises是同源詞，因此選D。根據原詞復現解題。

28. 選項中的necessity與necessary是同源詞，因此選C。根據原詞復現解題。

29. 選項中的changeable與changing是同源詞，因此選A。根據原詞復現解題。

30. 由kill得知，蛇是“致命的”，因此選B。根據同義復現解題。

31. 選項中的wept與crying是同義詞，因此選B。根據同義復現解題。

32. 選項中的pressure與stress是同義詞，因此選B。根據同義復現解題。

33. 選項中的nationality與come from是同義詞，因此選C。根據同義復現解題。

34. 句中的3.5yuan是“零錢”，因此選D。根據同義復現解題。

35. 選項中的advice與advise是同源詞，因此選B。根據原詞復現解題。

36.句中的lazy與選項中的laziness是同源詞，因此選A。根據原詞復現解題。

37.句中的put off與選項中的delay是同義詞，因此選C。根據同義復現解題。endprint