【摘 要】英語(yǔ)教學(xué)及考試中，用動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意思的情況屢見(jiàn)不鮮，頻頻出現(xiàn)，這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象和漢語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用完全不同，學(xué)生遇到這些考題時(shí)感到十分茫然，往往出錯(cuò)，這恰好也是高考命題者青睞的考點(diǎn)，為幫助同學(xué)們掌握好這一重要語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，本文對(duì)中學(xué)階段出現(xiàn)的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意思進(jìn)行了歸納，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所啟發(fā)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)意義 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)

中圖分類號(hào)：G4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-0407.2013.12.034

一、英語(yǔ)中的感官動(dòng)詞用作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后邊跟形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)，要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

常見(jiàn)的感官動(dòng)詞有：feel sound smell look taste prove appear seem turn remain等等。

She proved （to be）honest（=to be an honest woman）.

He looks familiar to me，but I don’t remember his name.

Tasting so delicious，the food in this market was sold out soon.

二、英語(yǔ)中有部分動(dòng)詞用物作主語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、功能特征，并用副詞（well，eaily，comfortably，smoothly etc）進(jìn)行修飾這些特征，要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

常見(jiàn)的類似動(dòng)詞有：read、write、sell、wash、iron、dry、drink、cook、pick、open、photograph、act、write、clean、wear、lock、shut等等。

His latest novel reads well.

The pen writes smoothly.

This kind of cloth wears well.

Ripe apples pick easily.

The cloth washes well.

三、在形容詞如easy difficult hard light heavy expensive cheap pleasant interesting comfortable dangerous fit等后邊的動(dòng)詞不定式，要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with.

The river is dangerous to swim in.

The problem is difficult to solve.

This kind of water is fit to drink.

四、動(dòng)詞不定式做名詞的定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有主謂關(guān)系，要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

With a lot of difficult problems to solve， the new manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.

I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.（山東2010 ）

I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.

五、用物作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞為want need require deserve等表需求、要求、值得時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

Most house plants want/need/require watering/to be watered regularly.

Your composition needs correcting/to be corrected.

六、在be worth doing結(jié)構(gòu)中，要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

The place is well worth visiting.

I think the English song is well worth listening to again.

These books recommended by my teacher is really worth reading.

七、在be to seek be to blame be to let結(jié)構(gòu)在要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy， saying that he was not the one to blame.

None of us was to blame for the accident.

八、在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某事時(shí)，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式；若說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式

There is a lot of work to be done.（The work has to be done.）

There is a lot of work to do.（someone has to do the work.）

九、在不定式作定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子中出現(xiàn)的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式

I have much work to do this afternoon.

The teacher gave Tom a book to read.

十、少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

如print build cook fry hang等等。

The books are printing.

The meat is cooking.

十一、在too—to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

This problem is too difficult（for me） to solve.

He is too young to join the army.

十二、用in/on/under+noun 結(jié)構(gòu)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

如：Under control under repair under discussion under treatment under construction Beyond belief beyond compare beyond recognition beyond one’s reach

In print on sale on show

The teaching building is under construction.

These goods are on sale.

十三、在too—to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

This problem is too difficult（for me） to solve.

He is too young to join the army.

典型考題訓(xùn)練：

1）I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good____

A to be breathed B to breathe C breathing D being breathed

2）Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one_____

A blamed B blaming C to blame D to be blamed

3）If there is a lot of work ____，I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.

A to do B to be doing C done D doing

4）The professor spoke slowly enough to make his speech easy______.

A follow B to follow C followed D following

5）We still have many difficulties_______in our socialist construction.

A to overcome B to be overcome C overcome D to have overcome

6）She had no money______a birthday present for her parents.

A to buy with B buying C bought D with which to buy