朱婷櫻 鮑揚(yáng)漪
摘要:目的? 探討結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者術(shù)前淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比值和纖維蛋白原在輔助診斷、術(shù)前評(píng)估中的價(jià)值。方法? 收集2010年1月~2013年7月在安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第三附屬醫(yī)院接受手術(shù)治療的結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者100例設(shè)為觀察組,另選同時(shí)期健康體檢者50例設(shè)為對(duì)照組,比較兩組LMR、FIB值。通過受試者工作曲線確定結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者LMR與FIB的最佳截?cái)嘀?,根?jù)截?cái)嘀捣譃楦摺⒌蚅MR組,高、低FIB組。分析LMR、FIB與結(jié)直腸癌患者臨床特征的關(guān)系及與術(shù)后5年生存率的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果? 觀察組LMR值(3.39±1.48)低于對(duì)照組(5.27±0.98),觀察組FIB值(3.63±0.60)g/L高于對(duì)照組(2.78±0.41)g/L,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01)。LMR、FIB的最佳截?cái)嘀捣謩e為3.65、3.495 g/L。高LMR組遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率為4.65%,低于低LMR組的21.05%,高LMR組在Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的比率為44.19%,低于低LMR組的64.91%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高FIB組遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率的22.22%,高于低FIB組的4.35%,高FIB組在Ⅲ~Ⅳ的比率為66.67%,高于低FIB組的43.48%,高FIB組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為59.26%,高于低FIB組的34.78%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高LMR組5年生存率為76.74%,高于低LMR組的47.37%,低FIB組5年生存率為78.26%,高于高FIB組的44.44%,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01)。結(jié)論? 術(shù)前LMR、FIB對(duì)結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者的輔助診斷、術(shù)前評(píng)估有一定臨床價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌;淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比值;纖維蛋白原;輔助診斷;術(shù)前評(píng)估
中圖分類號(hào):R753.3? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.04.031
文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2019)04-0094-05
Abstract:Objective? To investigate the value of preoperative lymphocyte and monocyte ratio and fibrinogen in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal. Methods? 100 patients with colorectal differentiated adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to July 2013 were enrolled in the observation group, and 50 healthy subjects in the same period were selected as the control group. The LMR and FIB values of the two groups were compared. The best cutoff values of LMR and FIB in patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal were determined by receiver working curve. According to the cutoff value, they were divided into high and low LMR groups, high and low FIB groups. To analyze the relationship between LMR, FIB and clinical features of colorectal cancer patients and the correlation with 5-year survival rate. Results? The LMR value of the observation group (3.39±1.48) was lower than that of the control group (5.27±0.98), and the FIB value of the observation group (3.63±0.60) g/L was higher than that of the control group (2.78±0.41) g/L, which was statistically significant (P <0.01). The optimal cutoff values for LMR and FIB are 3.650 and 3.495 g/L, respectively. The distant metastasis rate of the high LMR group was 4.65%, Below 21.05% of the low LMR group, the ratio of the high LMR group was 44.19% in the III~I(xiàn)V phase, which was lower than the 64.91% in the low LMR group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The distant metastasis rate was 22.22% in the high FIB group,Compared with 4.35% in the low FIB group, the ratio of III to IV in the high FIB group was 66.67%, which was higher than 43.48% in the low FIB group, and the lymph node metastasis rate in the high FIB group was 59.26%, which was higher than that in the low FIB group 34.78%,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate was 76.74% in the high LMR group, which was higher than the low LMR group 47.37%, and the 5-year survival rate was 78.26% in the low FIB group, which was higher than that in the high FIB group 44.44%,Statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion? Preoperative LMR and FIB have certain clinical value in the auxiliary diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal cancer.
Key words:Differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal;Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio;Fibrinogen; Assisted diagnosis;Preoperative evaluation
結(jié)直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)已被公認(rèn)為全球第3大最常見癌癥[1]。隨著人口老齡化、作息及飲食習(xí)慣的改變,結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率及死亡率日益增加。我國(guó)結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率占癌癥總?cè)藬?shù)的第5位,死亡率占第5位,嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的健康安全[2]。越來越多的研究證實(shí)腫瘤相關(guān)炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展起著重要作用[3]。炎癥反應(yīng)主要表現(xiàn)為白細(xì)胞總數(shù)及各亞群比例的變化,其中淋巴細(xì)胞及單核細(xì)胞在此過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。有研究證實(shí)外周血淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值的比值(LMR)下降與食管癌、胃癌等多種消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤[4,5]、彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤[6]、惡性胸膜間皮瘤[7]的預(yù)后不佳有關(guān),且凝血級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng)在腫瘤的進(jìn)展及轉(zhuǎn)移中也起著重要的作用[8]。FIB是凝血過程中的主要組成成分,研究顯示FIB水平的升高往往與腫瘤患者預(yù)后不良有關(guān),且患者外周FIB值可協(xié)助直腸癌診斷,并為病情評(píng)估提供參考[9]。以往研究多為單獨(dú)探討LMR或FIB與結(jié)直腸癌之間的關(guān)系,很少有文獻(xiàn)將二者聯(lián)合。本研究旨在評(píng)估術(shù)前LMR和FIB在結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者輔助診斷、術(shù)前評(píng)估中的臨床價(jià)值。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料? 收集2010年1月~2013年7月安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第三附屬醫(yī)院(合肥市第一人民醫(yī)院及合肥市濱湖醫(yī)院)接受手術(shù)治療的結(jié)直腸癌患者為研究對(duì)象。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批通過,患者及家屬知情同意并簽署同意書。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡42~82歲;②影像學(xué)、結(jié)直腸鏡等診斷為結(jié)直腸癌并已行手術(shù)治療,術(shù)后病理證實(shí)為結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌;③術(shù)前未接受任何新輔助放化療。④術(shù)后均行輔助放化療。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患有血液系統(tǒng)疾病、自身免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、肝病和近期感染者;②近期使用抗凝藥物及其他影響血常規(guī)結(jié)果的藥物;③合并其他腫瘤或消化系統(tǒng)疾病等慢性疾病患者;④臨床資料不完整。共納入100例結(jié)直腸癌患者,隨機(jī)選取同期50例相同年齡段的健康體檢者設(shè)為正常對(duì)照組。
1.2方法? 收集兩組研究對(duì)象性別、年齡等一般資料及血液學(xué)指標(biāo),血液學(xué)指標(biāo)包括淋巴細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值、單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值、FIB值,患者均為術(shù)前3 d內(nèi)抽取,對(duì)照組為體檢時(shí)抽取;收集觀察組的病理資料,包括腫瘤大小、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、浸潤(rùn)深度、腫瘤位置、TNM分期。腫瘤分期第8版TNM分期確定;以首次治療作為觀察起點(diǎn),對(duì)治療后的患者采用電話、門診、住院方式進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪截止日期為術(shù)后5年或術(shù)后5年期間死亡的時(shí)間。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法? 采用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用(%)表示,組間比較用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用ROC曲線確定LMR、FIB最佳截?cái)嘀?,兼顧敏感性及特異性。以P<0.05認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P<0.01認(rèn)為統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組LMR、FIB值的比較? 觀察組術(shù)前LMR值低于對(duì)照組,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01);觀察組術(shù)前FIB值高于對(duì)照組,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01),見表1。
2.2結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者術(shù)前LMR、FIB截?cái)嘀档拇_定與分組? 在ROC曲線分析中,術(shù)前LMR的理想截?cái)嘀禐?.65(AUC:0.618,95%CI:0.506~0.729,P<0.05),敏感度為55.00%,特異度為77.50%,見圖1。由此將入組病例分為兩組,即高LMR組(LMR≥3.65,n=43)和低LMR組(LMR<3.65,n=57)。FIB的理想截?cái)嘀禐?.495 g/L(AUC:0.703,95% CI:0.600~0.807,P<0.01),敏感性為77.50%,特異度為60.00%,見圖2。將病例分為兩組,即低FIB組(FIB≤3.495 g/L,n=46),高FIB組(FIB>3.495 g/L,n=54)。將FIB及LMR聯(lián)合后,其特異性為87.50%,敏感性為61.70%。
2.3 LMR、FIB與結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者臨床特征的關(guān)系? LMR與遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期成負(fù)相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與性別、年齡、腫瘤大小、腫瘤位置、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移無相關(guān),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。FIB與遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移成正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與性別、年齡、腫瘤位置、腫瘤大小、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度無相關(guān),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
2.4術(shù)前LMR、FIB值與術(shù)后5年生存率的相關(guān)性分析? 100例結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者5年生存率為60.00%,其中高LMR組為76.74%,低LMR組為47.37%,高LMR組的5年生存率高于低LMR組,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01)。低FIB組5年生存率為78.26%,高FIB組為44.44%,低FIB組5年生存率高于高FIB組(P<0.01),統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著。見表3。
3討論
雖然結(jié)直腸癌的診斷及治療取得了重大進(jìn)展,但其早期診斷率和生存率仍不能令人滿意。準(zhǔn)確的術(shù)前評(píng)估是為患者制定更為合適的治療方案的基礎(chǔ),從而能提高患者的生存率。傳統(tǒng)影像學(xué)檢查如CT檢查和超聲雖能評(píng)估疾病的進(jìn)展情況,但對(duì)較小和隱匿的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移則難以檢出,對(duì)微小遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移病灶的檢出率也較低,故尋找可輔助常規(guī)診斷的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志分子或指標(biāo)極為關(guān)鍵。
有研究證實(shí),炎癥相關(guān)細(xì)胞如淋巴細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞等在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和預(yù)后中發(fā)揮著重要作用[10,11]。此類細(xì)胞可釋放細(xì)胞因子進(jìn)入腫瘤微環(huán)境(tumor microenvironment,TME),從而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、血管生成,加速腫瘤的侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移和復(fù)發(fā)進(jìn)程[12]。其中,淋巴細(xì)胞是機(jī)體免疫應(yīng)答過程中的主要效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,淋巴細(xì)胞直接攻擊腫瘤細(xì)胞可能是阻止腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的最有效機(jī)制,淋巴細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞之間的接觸更好地激活了分子信號(hào)來控制腫瘤的侵襲性,腫瘤浸潤(rùn)淋巴細(xì)胞(TILs)的存在與良好的臨床進(jìn)程有關(guān),并被認(rèn)為是幾種癌癥的積極預(yù)后因素[13,14]。外周血單核細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)到腫瘤組織后,可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟[瘤相關(guān)巨噬細(xì)胞,并分泌血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白(MMP)等細(xì)胞因子,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤新生血管的形成、腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲和增殖,同時(shí)抑制抗腫瘤免疫[15],促進(jìn)腫瘤的進(jìn)展及免疫逃逸發(fā)生。淋巴細(xì)胞絕對(duì)數(shù)高對(duì)患者有一定的保護(hù)作用,而單核細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)高則相反,此兩者的比值可能反映腫瘤的發(fā)生及進(jìn)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。LMR是一種全身炎癥指數(shù),其計(jì)算方法是淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)與單核細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的比值。既往研究證實(shí),LMR與腫瘤的臨床表現(xiàn)及預(yù)后均相關(guān)。
本研究結(jié)果提示,觀察組LMR值水平低于對(duì)照組,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01)。高LMR組遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率(4.65%)低于低LMR組(21.05%),高LMR組在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的比率(44.19%)低于低LMR組(64.91%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),這與周超等[16]、Yang J等[17]的報(bào)道相似。且高LMR組的5年生存率(76.74%)高于低LMR組(47.37%),統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01),與周超等[16]的報(bào)道一致,說明LMR可能與腫瘤的進(jìn)展與預(yù)后相關(guān),可用于術(shù)前輔助評(píng)估。
FIB是一種急性期反應(yīng)蛋白,主要由肝臟合成并分泌,最近有研究證實(shí)腫瘤細(xì)胞也可分泌FIB[18],在腫瘤細(xì)胞與基質(zhì)的聯(lián)系中發(fā)揮著重要作用。FIB作為血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子等生長(zhǎng)因子結(jié)合的支架,可促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移和粘附[19]。當(dāng)纖維蛋白原轉(zhuǎn)化為纖維蛋白后,可參與轉(zhuǎn)移和新生血管的形成,且其在腫瘤組織周圍可保護(hù)腫瘤細(xì)胞免受自然殺傷細(xì)胞的破壞[20]。研究證實(shí),胃癌[21]及非小細(xì)胞肺癌[22]患者FIB水平的升高與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度成正比,與生存率成反比。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組FIB值高于對(duì)照組,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01)。FIB與臨床特征的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,患者術(shù)前FIB水平與遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移成正相關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),這與Tang L等[23],覃羅等[24]報(bào)道相似,且低FI對(duì)照組的5年生存率(78.26%)高于高FI對(duì)照組(44.44%),統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義顯著(P<0.01),說明FIB也可用于術(shù)前評(píng)估,且其評(píng)估淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移方面可能優(yōu)于LMR。
本研究顯示,觀察組的LMR值低于對(duì)照組,觀察組的 FIB值高于對(duì)照組,LMR、FIB與5年生存率密切相關(guān),且與癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移以及臨床分期有一定關(guān)聯(lián),說明LMR、FIB均可作為結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者輔助診斷、術(shù)前評(píng)估的指標(biāo)。本研究將二者聯(lián)合后,發(fā)現(xiàn)其特異性(87.50%)更高,敏感性(61.70%)也較高。故單獨(dú)或聯(lián)合檢測(cè)LMR、FIB對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌輔助診斷和評(píng)估病情進(jìn)展、預(yù)后有一定的臨床價(jià)值,且其方便、痛苦少、可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)、重復(fù)性好,可廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床。但本研究為回顧性研究,且樣本量較小,可能對(duì)結(jié)果產(chǎn)生一定影響,故還需進(jìn)一步前瞻性研究或擴(kuò)大樣本量來證實(shí)。
綜上所述,術(shù)前LMR、FIB對(duì)結(jié)直腸中分化腺癌患者的輔助診斷、術(shù)前評(píng)估有一定價(jià)值,能為是否需要進(jìn)行術(shù)前輔助放化療及術(shù)前治療方案的制定等提供一定的參考,從而提高患者的生存率。
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收稿日期:2018-11-24;修回日期:2018-12-2
編輯/肖婷婷