廖小琴
【摘要】以建構(gòu)主義為理論基礎的體驗式英語教學策略符合了學習者的語言認知規(guī)律,即語言的學習應該是學習者(主體)與環(huán)境(客體)之間不斷相互作用的結(jié)果。對于長期以來忽視主體與客體相互作用及相互關系的,以教師為中心的英語專業(yè)教學來說,體驗式英語教學策略有著開拓性意義。本文探討了體驗式教學法在中學英語專業(yè)教學中的應用與實踐,最后歸納了該教學法的優(yōu)點,同時也提出了對該教學法的反思。
【關鍵詞】體驗式英語教學 英語專業(yè)教學
【中圖分類號】G633.4 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089(2016)01-0112-02
與傳統(tǒng)的英語教學相比較,傳統(tǒng)的英語教學是以教師為中心,以教師的講授為主,信息單向地由教師傳向?qū)W生,學生被動地接受信息。這種方法主要強調(diào)的是英語知識的傳授,忽略了學生應用能力的培養(yǎng)。而英語教學的根本目的和最終目的是培養(yǎng)學生的交際能力(Paul Davies,2002)。而在體驗式英語教學則體現(xiàn)的是以學生為中心,以學生的個體差異為基礎,通過交際情境和實際應用,使學生掌握學習內(nèi)容并學會如何運用而不是孤立地學習語言。
新課程標準基本理念:強調(diào)學習過程,重視語言學習的實踐性和應用性。主張學生在語境中接觸,體驗和理解真實語言,并在此基礎上學習和應用語言。英語課程提倡盡可能多地為學生創(chuàng)造在真實語境中應用語言的機會。鼓勵學生在教師指導下,通過體驗、實踐、參與,探究和合作等方式,發(fā)現(xiàn)語言規(guī)律,逐步掌握語言知識和技能,不斷調(diào)整情感態(tài)度,形成有效的學習策略,發(fā)展自主學習能力。(英語課程標準)
筆者經(jīng)常根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容進行體驗式教學。仁愛九年級上Unit2都是關于保護環(huán)境的話題。Topic 1是關于各種環(huán)境污染的問題。
一:課后實踐,調(diào)查,形成一文章。我就布置一任務,讓學生觀察身邊的環(huán)境,調(diào)查污染的起因(cause)和結(jié)果(effect )然后給報社寫一封信。有的同學就觀察到景區(qū)環(huán)境的垃圾污染。調(diào)查和取數(shù)據(jù),最后形成一篇報告。Last week, I went to climb Mount Gu.(登鼓山)Along the way, you can see litter on the path, under the trees, especially in the half way where people stop for a rest and eat(觀察).The climbers took some food and drinks. The ate and drank hot water or mineral water. After the plastic bottle was empty, after they use paper towels and there is not a dustbin nearby, they threw them around. The litter not only destroys the environment but also influence the look of the city.(影響) So we should have a good habit to put the rubbish into the dustbin.報告完后,我建議他可以具體做一些事:邊爬山,邊收集垃圾,既鍛煉了身體也保護了環(huán)境,同時還樹立榜樣,一舉三得。另外一學生體驗到噪音污染。Every night, in the center of my community(about 7 oclock to 9 oclock) many elder grandmothers dance to music. The sound of the music is louder and they chat and laugh loudly. The students can not do their homework carefully and the sleeping babies cry. Can they turn down their music or go to someplace. 通過布置任務,讓學生體驗,參與,使他們英語課堂有話可說,有內(nèi)容可寫,并且實事求是,不胡編亂造,效果很好。 二:情景模擬:繼而教師給他們設一情景,假設你是記著,你來采訪報道廣場舞大媽,另外幾位模仿大媽,展開對話,同學們也表現(xiàn)很好,雖然詞匯受限制,但不影響交流。R: Hello, granny, whats your name? S1:I am…(學生大笑)R: How long have you danced here? S1: Oh, about two months. S2:About one year. S3:Not very long. R: Does anybody stop you dancing here? S2:Yes, many people said that we couldnt dance here, but I think it is a public place. Every one can do what they like. S1: We like dancing here, because it is close to our home. S3: If they want to dance, they can join us too.(大媽各抒己見) R: But do you think it is too noisy to disturb others. S1: We can turn down the music. R: If you have a newborn grandson, and he cant sleep well at night, and then what would you like to do? S2:I will think about that later.學生在模擬真實情境時,之前要做大量預備工作,如采訪什么問題,查詞匯,需要配合合作。一項活動能使他們很好地掌握本單元的語言知識點,培養(yǎng)他們的英語興趣,激發(fā)他們開口說英語。再如,教師引導:假設你是地球,以地球的口氣做演講,第一人稱。內(nèi)容包含過去的地球與現(xiàn)在地球的對比,分析原因,最后呼吁大家怎么做。給學生一定時間,教會他們?nèi)绾巫鲅葜v,深情并茂?,F(xiàn)將一學生習作原文摘抄如下:I am the earth. In the past, there were many green trees and beautiful flowers. Birds sang everywhere. Many bees and butterflies were dancing in the park.(過去) But with the development of the industry, some things you have done are good for me while others are not. You pollute me and I am sick now. You cut down too many trees, so lots of rich land has changed a serious problem and into deserts. Factories pour waste water into the river.(現(xiàn)狀) Pollution has become a serious problem, so I am crying for help. I think from now on….