陳慧君,黃亦波,林蓉蓉,鄭飛云
1.溫州醫(yī)科大學 第一臨床醫(yī)學院,浙江 溫州 325035;2.溫州醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院 婦科,浙江溫州 325015)
·論 著·
IB~I IB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關因素分析
陳慧君1,黃亦波1,林蓉蓉1,鄭飛云2
1.溫州醫(yī)科大學 第一臨床醫(yī)學院,浙江 溫州 325035;2.溫州醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院 婦科,浙江溫州 325015)
目的:分析IB~I IB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況及相關高危因素,為早期宮頸癌的手術(shù)方式提供參考。方法:對158例進行廣泛性全子宮切除術(shù)聯(lián)合盆腔淋巴結(jié)清掃的IB~I IB期宮頸癌患者的臨床病理資料進行回顧性分析,對影響淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的因素采用logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果:158例IB~I IB期宮頸癌有36例淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性,轉(zhuǎn)移率為22.8%,其中閉孔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移22例(占13.9%),髂內(nèi)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移15例(占9.5%),髂外淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移10例(占6.3%),髂總淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移7例(占4.4%),腹股溝深淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移4例(占2.5%),宮旁淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移1例(占0.6%),腹主動脈旁淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移1例(占0.6%)。21例孤立淋巴結(jié)陽性,15例多組淋巴結(jié)陽性。單因素分析結(jié)果顯示腫瘤直徑大小超過4 cm,術(shù)前鱗狀細胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)及宮旁浸潤與盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(P<0.05)。logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示腫瘤直徑超過4 cm及宮旁浸潤是盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:IB~I IB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)以閉孔淋巴結(jié)最易受累,腫瘤直徑超過4 cm及宮旁浸潤是盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的高危因素。
宮頸腫瘤;盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移;腫瘤大??;宮旁浸潤;回歸分析
盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸癌患者生存及預后的重要因素。但是早期宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率低[1-2],且廣泛全子宮切除術(shù)聯(lián)合盆腔淋巴清掃術(shù)后并發(fā)癥較多[3-4],嚴重影響患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量。國外研究報道[5-8]對早期宮頸癌實施根治性全子宮切除術(shù)聯(lián)合盆腔淋巴清掃術(shù)存在一定爭議。本研究通過回顧性分析IB~IIB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,探討宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的特征及其相關臨床病理因素,為早期宮頸癌患者的個體化治療提供參考。
1.1 一般資料 選取2012年5月至2014年5月我院
1.2 方法 ①所有患者均實施廣泛性子宮全切除術(shù)聯(lián)合盆腔淋巴清掃術(shù),術(shù)前均未實施放化療等輔助治療,根據(jù)術(shù)后病理結(jié)果,對有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性、脈管浸潤陽性、手術(shù)切緣陽性者予輔以體外放療或化療,術(shù)后予門診、電話等方式積極隨訪。②通過回顧性分析方法,采用單因素分析比較盆腔淋巴結(jié)陰性與陽性患者相關臨床病理因素,包括年齡、分期、是否絕經(jīng)、孕次、產(chǎn)次、陰道穹窿受累與否、腫瘤大小、腫瘤生長方式、術(shù)前鱗狀細胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)水平和分化程度、病理類型,并對差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)的變量采用logistic回歸分析,探討早期宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨立危險因素。1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理方法 采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學軟件。計數(shù)資料以百分率表示。單因素分析采用卡方檢驗。多因素分析采用logistic回歸分析,用前進法(α=0.05)進行變量篩選。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況 158例IB~IIB期宮頸癌有36例盆腔淋巴結(jié)陽性,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為22.8% (36/158),其中閉孔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移22例(占13.9%),髂內(nèi)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移15例(占9.5%),髂外淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移10例(占6.3%),髂總淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移7例(占4.4%),腹股溝深淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移4例(占2.5%),宮旁淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移1例(占0.6%),腹主動脈旁淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移1例(占0.6%)。孤立淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移22例,多組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移14例。
2.2 盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移單因素分析 結(jié)果顯示腫瘤直徑超過4 cm、術(shù)前SCC-Ag水平及宮旁浸潤與盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(P<0.05),而與患者年齡、分期、是否絕經(jīng)、孕次、產(chǎn)次、陰道穹窿是否受累、腫瘤生長方式、分化程度及病理分型無關(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.3 盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移logistic回歸分析 結(jié)果顯示術(shù)前SCC-Ag水平>4 μg/L與盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關系差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);而腫瘤直徑≥4 cm及宮旁浸潤陽性是盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。見表2。
表1 盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移單因素分析結(jié)果
表2 盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移多因素logistic回歸分析
宮頸癌擴散的主要方式是直接蔓延和盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,而盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是宮頸癌擴散的主要轉(zhuǎn)移途徑,是影響宮頸癌患者生存及預后的重要因素[9-11]。報道認為早期宮頸浸潤癌的標準治療方式是廣泛子宮切除聯(lián)合盆腔淋巴清掃術(shù)[12],但術(shù)后并發(fā)癥較多,如失血、輸血、腸梗阻、神經(jīng)血管損傷、淋巴水腫、淋巴囊腫等[3-4,13-14]。并且早期宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率低[1-2],為減少盆腔淋巴清掃術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,現(xiàn)在有不少國外研究[5-7]主張早期宮頸浸潤癌實施保守手術(shù),如單純子宮切除術(shù)等。因此如何準確地判定早期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,選定合理的手術(shù)范圍,是否可避免盆腔淋巴清掃,以提高患者生存和生活質(zhì)量值得探討。
本研究回顧性分析158例宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,以閉孔淋巴結(jié)最易受累,單因素分析結(jié)果提示腫瘤直徑超過4 cm、術(shù)前SCC-Ag及宮旁浸潤與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關,而logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示腫瘤直徑大小超過4 cm及宮旁浸潤是淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的高危因素。IB、IIA、IIB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率分別為20.2%(19/94)、24.6%(14/57)、42.9%(3/7),結(jié)果顯示淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率有隨著宮頸癌期別增高而增高趨勢,但差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,說明臨床分期與盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是否相關仍需大樣本的臨床資料去證實。
Togami等[15]研究了163例IA2~I IB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,結(jié)果顯示IA2、IB1、IB2、I IA、IIB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率分別為0%(0/12)、17%(13/76)、22%(6/27)、33%(8/24)、63%(15/24),隨訪研究發(fā)現(xiàn)盆腔淋巴結(jié)陰性和陽性患者中,5年無復發(fā)率分別為92%和46%,5年生存率分別為94% 和61%,證實了盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是宮頸癌患者生存、復發(fā)的獨立因素。有研究[16]表明宮頸癌治療前SCC-Ag水平為4μ g/L是判斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移高風險的理想界值,而本研究單因素分析也顯示術(shù)前SCC-Ag>4μ g/L與盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關。
Turan等[17]研究認為早期宮頸癌腫瘤直徑大小與盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關,且腫瘤大小超過4 cm與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移顯著相關,是宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨立危險因素之一。而Togami等[15]也認同宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與腫瘤大小密切相關,但腫瘤直徑超過2 cm已是盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的危險因素。因臨床上確切的測量腫瘤體積存在難度,故常以腫瘤直徑大小來表示。本研究單因素分析和logistic回歸分析結(jié)果均顯示腫瘤直徑超過4 cm是盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨立危險因素。
李洋[18]對142例IA~IIB期宮頸癌進行研究,認為腫瘤大小超過4 cm、深度浸潤、脈管浸潤及宮旁浸潤是淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的高危因素。萬磊等[19]采用多因素分析發(fā)現(xiàn)間質(zhì)浸潤、淋巴血管浸潤、腫瘤直徑與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關。Takeda等[16]認為SCC與CA125聯(lián)合預測淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移有重要意義,且淋巴血管浸潤是宮頸癌患者預后不良的獨立影響因素。許多研究[7,20-22]采用單因素、多因素分析均提示淋巴血管浸潤與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關。考慮到早期宮頸癌術(shù)前不能很準確地預估是否有脈管浸潤,本研究并沒有將脈管浸潤納入單因素分析。
早期宮頸癌盆腔前哨淋巴結(jié)及轉(zhuǎn)移的前哨淋巴結(jié)位置集中于宮旁、閉孔淋巴結(jié)[23],本研究也顯示早期宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者中,閉孔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移構(gòu)成比占61.1%,與研究報道一致。前哨淋巴結(jié)檢測已被廣泛應用于描述宮頸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的情況[23-24]。Altgassen等[25]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)宮頸癌腫瘤直徑小于2 cm時,前哨淋巴結(jié)檢測的敏感性高達94.3%,而腫瘤直徑大于2 cm時,敏感性則只有88.5%,認為宮頸癌腫瘤直徑小于2 cm時前哨淋巴結(jié)檢測敏感性較高。而Cormier等[1]報道顯示在早期宮頸癌中前哨淋巴結(jié)的敏感性高達93%。Eiriksson等[26]認為前哨淋巴結(jié)陰性者可避免盆腔淋巴結(jié)清掃。因此前哨淋巴結(jié)檢測是否能取代盆腔淋巴結(jié)清掃仍需多中心的、大量的樣本去證實。
綜上所述,本研究認為IB~IIB期宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與腫瘤大小及宮旁浸潤密切相關,當宮頸癌患者存在上述盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移高危因素時,應積極治療,改善預后,當腫瘤小于4 cm且宮旁浸潤陰性時,應術(shù)前準確評估,為制定早期宮頸癌個體化治療方案。本研究為回顧性分析研究,納入病例數(shù)較少,可能存在數(shù)據(jù)分析的偏倚,有待于擴大樣本進一步進行前瞻性研究。
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(本文編輯:吳健敏)
Analysis of factors affecting lymph node metastasis in FIGO IB to IIB uterine cervical cancer
CHEN Hui-un1,HUANG Yibo1,LIN Rongrong1,ZHENG Feiyun1.
1.The First Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,325035; 2.Department of Gynecology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,325015
Objective:To analysis the factors affecting lymph node metastasis in stage IB1 to IIB uterine cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 158 patients with stage IB to IIB cervical carcinomas treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed.The logistic multivariate analysis was used to select independent high-risk factors.Results:Thirty-six (22.8%) patients had pelvic lymph node metastasis.Of 36 lymph node metastases,22 were in the obturator,15 in the internal iliac,10 in the external liac,7 in the common iliac,4 in the deep inguinal,1 in the parametrial iliac and 1 in the para aortic.Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size,preoperative SCC-Ag level and parametrial invasion were related to pelvic ymph node metastasis.Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size greater than 4 cm and parametrial invasion were independently associated with nodal metastasis.Conclusion:The obturator lymph nodes are most frequenty involved in stage IB~IIB uterine cervical cancer.Tumor size greater than 4 cm and parametrial invasion are high-risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis.
uterine cervical neoplasms; pelvic lymph node metastasis; tumor size; parametrial invasion:egression analysis
R713.4;R73
A
10.3969/j.issn.2095-9400.2015.04.004
2014-08-31
浙江省自然科學基金資助項目(Y2090699)。
陳慧君(1990-),女,浙江蒼南人,碩士生。
鄭飛云,教授,Email:zfy5710@163.com。158例IB~I IB期宮頸癌患者為研究對象,臨床資料和病理資料均完整,手術(shù)方式均為廣泛性全子宮切除術(shù)聯(lián)合盆腔淋巴清掃術(shù)。年齡26~74歲,平均年齡(51.5±10.5)歲,按FIGO分期標準,均為IB~I IB期,其中IB期94例,I IA期57例,I IB期7例。術(shù)后病理證實鱗癌136例,腺癌11例,其他11例。