劉晴

摘 要： 本文分析了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一些困惑， 結(jié)合近年來(lái)的高考和模擬題，探討了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法，主要從強(qiáng)調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和名詞性從句結(jié)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的省略等方面，對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的重要考點(diǎn)作了分析和總結(jié)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考查形式 高考題

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一，也是高考英語(yǔ)試題中的重要考查內(nèi)容。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考查形式靈活多變，有時(shí)和定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合在一起，學(xué)生會(huì)覺(jué)得結(jié)構(gòu)很難。為此，筆者就強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考查形式作了歸納。

一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及判斷依據(jù)

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷依據(jù)

判斷一個(gè)句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，只需把It is/was...that...去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能組成一個(gè)完整的句子，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。

【高考鏈接】

（1）It was 80 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic ？搖 ？搖 Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.（2012重慶）

A.when B. that C.after D. since

（2）—Was it by cutting down staff？搖 ？搖 she saved the firm？

—No， it was by improving work efficiency.（2012上海）

A.when B. what C.how D.that

[解析]第1題選B。去掉it was that還原的句子是Zheng He had sailed to East Africa 80 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic，完全成立，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。第2題選D，句子還原成She saved the firm by cutting down staff，是對(duì)方式狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)。

（3）—？搖 ？搖 that he managed to get the information？

—Oh，a friend of his helped him.（2005山東卷）

A. What was it B.What was it C. How was it D. Why was it

[解析]第3題選C，根據(jù)回答，說(shuō)明是對(duì)方式的強(qiáng)調(diào)，還原句子是How did he manage to get the information？

二、考查It is/was not until...that...句型

not...until表示“直到……才”，如果對(duì)這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，則可構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was not until...that...，表示直到……才，可以用以下句型：

【例題鏈接】

It was not until near the end of the letter？搖 ？搖 she mentioned her own plan.（2013天津）

A.that B.where C. why D.when

[解析]選A，直接考查not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句（或者分詞）的混合

有時(shí)一個(gè)句子中既包含強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，又在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞后加一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)從句修飾限制，這就加大了學(xué)生分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的難度，學(xué)生應(yīng)從整體上把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

【例題鏈接】在橫線處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~：

（1）It was from only a few supplies ？搖 ？搖she had bought in the village ？搖 ？搖 the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.（2010安徽卷改編）

[解析]本題整體上是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，第2個(gè)空填that，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，還原句子是The hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies。第1空是在被強(qiáng)調(diào)詞supplies后加定語(yǔ)從句修飾，先行詞帶入定語(yǔ)從句，She had bought a few supplies in the village作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)，所以填that/which/省略。

（2）It is exactly the way ？搖 ？搖we speak ？搖 ？搖 makes our teacher angry. We should be more polite next time. （成都2009屆診斷性檢測(cè)）

[解析] 本題整體上是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。第2個(gè)空填that，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。第1空填that/in which/省略，是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞the way的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞帶入定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)，We speak in this way。

四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句的結(jié)合

在復(fù)雜的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)會(huì)將名詞性從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)合。一種是整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用作名詞性從句，尤以作動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句居多。另外一種是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有名詞性從句。

特別是當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)且用作名詞性從句，如動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，要注意把原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序改為陳述語(yǔ)序。

（1）Most of us still wonder ？搖 ？搖 it is ？搖 ？搖 makes those honest peasant workers， without being paid at all， resign themselves to the bosses.（2012蘇北四市零模）endprint

A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that

[解析]答案A。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞what強(qiáng)調(diào)，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句作wonder的賓語(yǔ)，所以要注意用陳述語(yǔ)序。

（2）It was at the very beginning ？搖 ？搖Mr. Fox made the decision ？搖 ？搖 we should send more firefighters there.

A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that

[解析]答案D。 第一個(gè)that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明the decision的內(nèi)容。

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

（1）It was April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）

（2）It was on April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

[解析] 第1題答案是B，是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示時(shí)間，意為當(dāng)……時(shí)，時(shí)間是4月29號(hào)。第2題答案是A，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和since， before狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

It is/has been two years since I did sth...自從……以來(lái)有多久了。It will （not） be a long time before sb do/does sth 將要過(guò)很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years before sb did sth 過(guò)了兩年才……

例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

六、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中主謂一致的考查

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)，且主語(yǔ)是由rather than，not ...but...等連接的平行對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)要注意主謂一致。

It is not A but B that （that后的動(dòng)詞與B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的動(dòng)詞與A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的動(dòng)詞與A保持一致）

【例題】

Its you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your sons bad behavior.

七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中反義疑問(wèn)句的考查

It is/was...that的反義疑問(wèn)句用isnt it或wasnt it。

八、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)合

It may be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that...It must have been+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...？

【例題】

It might have been John ？搖 ？搖bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

A. what B. since C. that D. then

[解析]答案為C，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

九、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略

【例題】

—Who is making so much noise in the garden？

—？搖 ？搖the children.

A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are

[解析]選A，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬·2013B[M].首都師范大學(xué)出版社，教育科學(xué)出版社，2013.

[2]薄冰.高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.endprint

A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that

[解析]答案A。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞what強(qiáng)調(diào)，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句作wonder的賓語(yǔ)，所以要注意用陳述語(yǔ)序。

（2）It was at the very beginning ？搖 ？搖Mr. Fox made the decision ？搖 ？搖 we should send more firefighters there.

A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that

[解析]答案D。 第一個(gè)that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明the decision的內(nèi)容。

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

（1）It was April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）

（2）It was on April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

[解析] 第1題答案是B，是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示時(shí)間，意為當(dāng)……時(shí)，時(shí)間是4月29號(hào)。第2題答案是A，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和since， before狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

It is/has been two years since I did sth...自從……以來(lái)有多久了。It will （not） be a long time before sb do/does sth 將要過(guò)很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years before sb did sth 過(guò)了兩年才……

例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

六、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中主謂一致的考查

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)，且主語(yǔ)是由rather than，not ...but...等連接的平行對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)要注意主謂一致。

It is not A but B that （that后的動(dòng)詞與B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的動(dòng)詞與A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的動(dòng)詞與A保持一致）

【例題】

Its you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your sons bad behavior.

七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中反義疑問(wèn)句的考查

It is/was...that的反義疑問(wèn)句用isnt it或wasnt it。

八、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)合

It may be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that...It must have been+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...？

【例題】

It might have been John ？搖 ？搖bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

A. what B. since C. that D. then

[解析]答案為C，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

九、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略

【例題】

—Who is making so much noise in the garden？

—？搖 ？搖the children.

A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are

[解析]選A，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬·2013B[M].首都師范大學(xué)出版社，教育科學(xué)出版社，2013.

[2]薄冰.高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.endprint

A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that

[解析]答案A。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞what強(qiáng)調(diào)，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句作wonder的賓語(yǔ)，所以要注意用陳述語(yǔ)序。

（2）It was at the very beginning ？搖 ？搖Mr. Fox made the decision ？搖 ？搖 we should send more firefighters there.

A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that

[解析]答案D。 第一個(gè)that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明the decision的內(nèi)容。

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

（1）It was April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）

（2）It was on April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

[解析] 第1題答案是B，是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示時(shí)間，意為當(dāng)……時(shí)，時(shí)間是4月29號(hào)。第2題答案是A，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和since， before狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

It is/has been two years since I did sth...自從……以來(lái)有多久了。It will （not） be a long time before sb do/does sth 將要過(guò)很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years before sb did sth 過(guò)了兩年才……

例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

六、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中主謂一致的考查

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)，且主語(yǔ)是由rather than，not ...but...等連接的平行對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)要注意主謂一致。

It is not A but B that （that后的動(dòng)詞與B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的動(dòng)詞與A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的動(dòng)詞與A保持一致）

【例題】

Its you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your sons bad behavior.

七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中反義疑問(wèn)句的考查

It is/was...that的反義疑問(wèn)句用isnt it或wasnt it。

八、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)合

It may be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that...It must have been+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...？

【例題】

It might have been John ？搖 ？搖bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

A. what B. since C. that D. then

[解析]答案為C，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

九、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略

【例題】

—Who is making so much noise in the garden？

—？搖 ？搖the children.

A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are

[解析]選A，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬·2013B[M].首都師范大學(xué)出版社，教育科學(xué)出版社，2013.

[2]薄冰.高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.endprint