魏亞宏
摘要: 本文在新課程背景下,以高中英語必修一Unit5中的Warming up and Pre-reading為案例,舉例說明了如何設計說課。
關鍵詞: 新課程高中英語教學說課設計
一、教材分析
1.課程標準分析
在英語教學中落實新課程標準,就是貫徹執(zhí)行國家教育部關于課程改革的決定。新課程標準的三維教學觀,具體到英語學科就是要整合發(fā)展學生語言技能、語言知識、情感態(tài)度、學習策略和文化意識五個方面的素養(yǎng),培養(yǎng)學生綜合運用語言的能力。開展課堂探究是培養(yǎng)學生綜合語言運用能力的最佳手段。所以在教學設計中,在教學活動中要有情景創(chuàng)設、學生探究、學生自主處理問題及鞏固訓練等環(huán)節(jié),以便于培養(yǎng)學生自主學習的能力。
2.Unit 5中的Warming up and Pre-reading在教材中的地位和作用
這一課是高一必修一第五單元的熱身和讀前部分,本單元的中心話題是“偉人的品質,幾位偉人的生平”,其中心內容是圍繞當代英雄納爾遜·曼德拉展開的?!盁嵘恚╓arming UP)”部分列出了24個形容詞,要求學生從中選擇哪些可以用來描述偉人,引導學生思考偉人應具有的品質,注意提高自身的素質。這樣的安排既突出了本單元的主題——偉人的品格,又體現(xiàn)了本單元的功能項目——發(fā)表意見與評論?!白x前(Pre-reading)”部分以表格的形式提供了一些重要的歷史人物,要求學生讀懂每個人的基本情況,設計了論題:著名的人物是否也就是偉大的人物。讓學生結合書中所列的古今中外的六位人物展開討論、發(fā)表意見,判斷他們當中誰能稱得上是偉人,誰僅僅是重要人物,并說出理由。這樣的安排從學生的生活經(jīng)驗和興趣出發(fā),讓學生闡述自己的觀點,目的是培養(yǎng)他們的觀察能力和語言表達能力,引導他們對閱讀文章積極思考,為下面的閱讀做好了充分準備。
本課作為單元的第一部分,首先為后面的閱讀教學提供了話題和語境,又具有為后面幾節(jié)課的學習掃清語言和文化障礙的作用。本課是單元整體教學的重要環(huán)節(jié),在單元教學中發(fā)揮著重要作用,有助于學生學好本單元的其余部分。因此,本課在教材中處于重要地位。
3.教學目標的確立及其依據(jù)
(1)知識目標
a)語言知識目標:掌握并熟練運用本課中規(guī)定的課標詞匯及發(fā)表意見的功能用語(略)。
b)文化知識目標:了解偉人的品格及列舉的著名人物的生平事跡,以及他們所生活的時代背景。樹立正確的價值觀,區(qū)分名人與偉人的概念。
(2)能力目標:在本節(jié)課結束后,學生能夠
a)選取適當?shù)男稳菰~描述著名人物,能簡單介紹他們的成就。
b)能使用閱讀策略Scanning迅速地從閱讀材料中獲取主要信息從而了解更多偉人或名人的情況。
c)能用恰當?shù)恼Z言簡單地描述人物,并簡單地表達自己的意見,初步總結和歸納偉人的共性和特點。
(3)情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標:了解偉人的生平事跡,認識偉人應具備的優(yōu)秀品質,學習他們在艱苦的環(huán)境下為人類作貢獻,不追求享樂的高尚精神,樹立正確的價值觀,提高自身的素質。
確立教學目標的依據(jù):根據(jù)英語新課程標準的規(guī)定,培養(yǎng)學生的綜合語言運用能力是新課程的總目標之一,而綜合語言運用能力的形成建立在語言技能、語言知識、情感態(tài)度、學習策略和文化意識等素養(yǎng)整合發(fā)展的基礎上。
4.重點、難點的確立及其依據(jù)
(1)重點:引導學生思考偉人應具有的品質。
(2)難點:用英語發(fā)表意見和評論。
確立重點和難點的依據(jù):新課標的要求,以及本課的內容和性質在教材中的地位和作用。
二、學情分析
1.已有的知識和經(jīng)驗
雖然我校高一學生大部分是少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的少數(shù)民族學生,但在現(xiàn)代傳媒非常發(fā)達的今天,作為社會成員之一并接受過正規(guī)的學校教育的他們對偉人、名人和英雄人物這一話題已具備了基本的感性認知,對這一話題也比較熟悉和感興趣,但他們也可能因缺乏外國文化背景知識而對一些國外名人了解不夠(如William Tyndale等)。
2.存在的困難和障礙
由于我校高一新生普遍英語基礎知識不夠扎實和靈活運用語言的技能相對薄弱的實際(如一部分學生詞匯缺乏或者不經(jīng)常使用英語表達和交流甚至因為害怕犯錯誤在課堂上表現(xiàn)不積極等原因),要引導學生思考偉人應具備的品質并使學生學會發(fā)表評論和表達自己的看法即展開對話和說英語會有一定難度。
三、教法和學法的確立及其依據(jù)
1.教學方法
a)情景教學法(Total Situational Action):“Its a sense- activityteaching method.It establishes a real sense and the interaction between the teacher and the Ss.”
b)任務教學法(“Task-based”language teaching):“It offers the Ss an opportunity to complete the tasks in which Ss use language to achieve a specific outcome.The activity reflects real life and learners focus on meaning,they are free to use any language they want.”簡單地說,就是學生用英語做一件事或完成一項任務。
c)觀察—模仿—實踐三步教學法(“Observation—Imitation—Practice”)
2.學習策略
a)討論式學習(Discussion Learning methods)
b)探究式學習(Probe study)
c)合作學習(Cooperative study)
In a word,Ill have Ss study in a relaxed atmosphere.Ss understand the new knowledge in certain degree through the mental process of seeing,hearing,saying,observing,thinking etc.And make preparation for completing the new study task.After feeling and understanding the language points,let Ss get the knowledge actively by probe study and cooperative study.
確立教法和學法的依據(jù):根據(jù)教學內容及其性質和新課標的要求(發(fā)揮教師的主導作用和學生的主體作用),為了更好地實現(xiàn)教學目標,突出重點和突破難點及學生的基本情況。
四、教學程序的確立及其依據(jù)
1.教學手段
主要以現(xiàn)代化電教手段——多媒體輔助教學等,貫穿整個教學過程。能增強直觀性和趣味性,加大課堂密度,強化教學效果。
2.設計思路
采取三步走六個環(huán)節(jié)(即六個任務活動),六個活動能環(huán)環(huán)相扣,緊密聯(lián)系,承上啟下,體現(xiàn)出“觀察—模仿—實踐”三步教學法的理念。
3.教學流程
Step1 Lead in(5)
Activity Task:Showing & Asking
Show some pictures of famous or great people and encourage Ss to give as much information as possible by asking Ss simple questions.
Purpose of my design:To get Ss to know something about famous or great persons;To arouse the studentsinterest of study.To bring in new subject-qualities of great men.
Step2 Warming up(7+9=16)
Activity Task1:Describing your partners(Pair work/ 7)
Get Ss to ask the questions each other,and then ask several pairs to present it before class.Encourage Ss to try to use the adjectives in Warming up on page33 to describe.Meanwhile,Ill use the opportunity to teach Ss new words(using explanation and reading-after-me methods)
Questions:
1)What kind of person is your partner/deskmate?
2)What qualities does your partner have?
3)Do you think he or she will become a great person in the future?
Activity task2:Discussion(group work/ 9)
Get Ss to work in groups of four to discuss the questions:
“What adjectives below would you use to describe a great person?”
“What qualities does a great person have?”
Encourage Ss to list several adjectives for question1 and five or six qualities that they think great persons have.Then invite Ss to write them down on the blackboard.Finally,help Ss to draw a conclusion by giving some qualities for Ss to decide“Yes”or“No”.
“Yes”or“No”:
A great person is someone who...
A.has a great idea and should be determined,hard-working,unselfish and generous.
B.has devoted his /her life or sacrificed to fight for freedom or the rights of other human beings;
C.always helps others unselfishly and gives up something to achieve his/her goal;
D.made other peoples dreams of a better life come true.
E.should follow his ideas and never lose heart when he is in trouble.
F.should be willing to do public service work without pay,be active in social activities,gets on well with others,and help others,etc.
Purpose of my design:通過創(chuàng)設情境和任務,學生合作學習談論身邊熟悉的伙伴所具有的品質進而小組談論偉人所具有的品質,通過電腦輔助教學來展示活動2能更容易讓學生了解偉人的品質。兩個活動能激發(fā)學生學習英語的興趣,培養(yǎng)學生用恰當?shù)恼Z言簡單地描述人物并簡單地表達自己的意見的能力。
Step3 Pre-reading(3+5+10=18)
Activity Task1:Guessing game(3)
Get Ss to close their books and present them some information of great people for Ss guess who they are.
Purpose of my design:激發(fā)學生學習興趣,導入話題,為討論做好準備。
Activity Task2:Scanning(Individual work 5)
Scan the information about these six men and fill in the chart.
Purpose of my design: 引導學生獨立閱讀這部分六位人物的事跡,使用尋讀法獲取有用信息,既能訓練學生的閱讀技能,又能為下一步的對話討論做好準備。
Activity Task3: Discussing and speaking (10)
Let Ss work in pairs to discuss the following questions:
1). Do you think they are important people?Why or why not?
2) Do you think all of them are great people?
3). Which of them are great men and which are just important men ?Give your reasons for your decision.
When they are discussing, remind the Ss to use the following expressions for giving and asking for opinions:
In order to lead Ss to discuss and speak smoothly, Ill present Ss a sample dialogue:
A: Do you think these six men are important people?
B: Yes, I think so. Because they have done something important to benefit a country or the world.
A: Do you believe (think/agree) all of them are great people?
B: No, I dont believe all of them are great people.
A: What qualities do you think make a great man?
B: In my opinion, a great man is someone who...
A: Im with you. Which of them are great men?
B: To my understanding ,...are great people because...
A: Which ones do you think are just important men?
B: I feel that ...are important men?
A: Why do you think so?
B: ...
Several minutes later, ask some pairs to act their dialogues.
Purpose of my design: 新課標規(guī)定,面對口語交際的困難,教師如何幫助學生使之有話可說并能順利地表達自己的思想呢?首先,教師應盡可能地幫助學生熟悉話題(通過前面的輸入性活動——展示、觀察、模仿、查讀等);其次,教師應要求學生學習教材中所提到的功能意念項目(常用表達法),說明其功能和意義(活動2中我提醒學生用發(fā)表意見和評論的表達法);再次,教師可以介紹一些交際策略幫助學生順利進行口語交際(eg. presenting Ss a sample dialogue);最后,教師要關注學生的情感,保護他們的自尊心,多鼓勵、多交流,在班級里創(chuàng)造一種溫暖、寬容、和諧的學習氛圍。
Homework:
1. Write a passage of 50 words to describe a hero in your mind, including his name, things he did, his qualities, etc. Hand in your composition tomorrow.
2. Review the words that you have learned in Warming Up and Pre-reading sections.
4. 板書設計
Unit5 Warming up and pre-reading
注:本案例是我于2011年10月參加“甘肅省2011年高中課程課堂教學說課競賽”的說課教學設計并榮獲一等獎,未經(jīng)本人同意任何人不得引用。