摘 要：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語在短文閱讀中是頻繁出現(xiàn)的常見結(jié)構(gòu)，對于這種語法現(xiàn)象的掌握熟練程度直接關(guān)系到學生對文章理解的力度。本文探討了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的基本用法。

關(guān)鍵詞：高中英語；現(xiàn)在分詞；狀語

中國分類號：G427 文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1992-7711（2010）4-089 -01

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，主句的主語就是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯上的主語。它通常表示主語正在進行的另一個動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或是陪襯。

一、現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語。

1. Hearing the sound，many people came running to see what had happened. =As/When they heard the sound， many people came running to see what had happened. 聽到了聲音，許多人跑出來看發(fā)生了什么事。

2. Hearing the news， they all jumped with joy. = When they heard the news， they all jumped with joy. 聽到了聲音，他們都高興地跳了起來。

二、現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語 (注意它位置的靈活性)。

1. Being sick， I stayed at home. = Because I was sick， I stayed at home. 我因病待在家中。

2. At last， being tired of waiting， we started off without him. =At last， as we were tired of waiting， we started off without him. 等得不耐煩了，最后，我們沒帶他就出發(fā)了。

三、現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語：劃線部分可以用how來提問。

1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. “你看不見嗎？” 瑪麗指著通知生氣地說。

2. He came running towards us. 他跑著到我們這邊來。

四、現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語: 所表達的動作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發(fā)生或存在的。 含伴隨狀語的句子大都可以改為并列句。

1. He sent me an e-mail， hoping to get further information. 他給我發(fā)了一個郵件，希望得到更多的信息。

2. They went out of the hall， talking and laughing. 他們出了大廳，又說又笑。

注意：有時現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語或作伴隨狀語區(qū)別不大明顯，因而很難區(qū)分。

五、現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語。

1. The six blind men stood there begging for a meal. 那六位盲人站在那里來乞討一頓飯。

2. One day a middle-aged woman wrote to a doctor inviting him to have dinner at her house. 一天，一位中年婦女寫信給一位醫(yī)生來邀請他到她家吃飯。

六、現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

1. A lot of good land has gone， leaving only sand. 許多好地都消失了，留下的只是沙漠。

2. Her husband died ten years ago， leaving her with three children. 她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三個孩子。

七、現(xiàn)在分詞起補充說明的作用：相當于一個并列分句，但比分句簡潔明快。

1. My train started at six， arriving in Beijing at ten. =My train started at six， and arrived in Beijing at ten. 我的這班火車六點出發(fā)，十點到北京。

2. “We can’t get out in this weather，” said Bob， looking out of the window. “ 這種天氣我們無法外出”， Bob 看了看窗外說道。

八、現(xiàn)在分詞與連詞。

分詞作狀語時，只能根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系而不是根據(jù)語法特征來判斷它是時間狀語，條件狀語或是讓步狀語等等。因此有時會碰到很難判斷其歸屬的情況。但如果在分詞前加上when， while， since， if， once， though， unless等連詞，就會很清楚地表明狀語的性質(zhì)。對于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，我們也可以作另外的解釋：它是省略了主語和助動詞的某種狀語從句。

1. While trying to open the can， I cut my hand. =While I was trying to open the can， I cut my hand. 在試圖打開罐頭時，我劃破了手。

2. Be careful when crossing the street. =Be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時要小心。

3. Since arriving here， we have made many friends. 自從來到這里，我們交了許多朋友。

九、注意事項。

現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作和謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時或幾乎是同時發(fā)生的。如果分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，就要用完成形式：

1. Having already seen the film twice， she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 因為這部電影已經(jīng)看過兩次了，她不想去電影院了。

2. Having worked among the farmers for many years， he knew them very well. 由于他以前和這些農(nóng)民在一起工作多年，他對他們非常了解。

3. No having received an answer， he decided to write another letter to her. 因為還沒有收到回信，他決定再給她寫一封信。