邵 斌

一、 試卷的總體評(píng)析

近幾年的初中畢業(yè)學(xué)業(yè)考試(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“中考”)英語(yǔ)試卷體現(xiàn)了“穩(wěn)中求進(jìn),以學(xué)生發(fā)展為本,立足基礎(chǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用,突出語(yǔ)篇注重實(shí)際”的命題思想;從知識(shí)立意逐步向能力立意轉(zhuǎn)變,突出體現(xiàn)人文關(guān)懷,試卷結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)約,更具綜合性,試卷難度適中,知識(shí)涵蓋面廣,卷面設(shè)計(jì)合理,體現(xiàn)了較高的信度、效度和必要的區(qū)分度,彰顯了命題人選拔合格人才的理念。試題特點(diǎn):注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、基本能力的考查;注重語(yǔ)意,體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)用;注重語(yǔ)篇,考查能力;選材貼近生活實(shí)際。

二、 熱點(diǎn)試題評(píng)析及解題技巧

(1)完型填空題。該類題屬綜合測(cè)試題,主要考查學(xué)生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理能力以及對(duì)詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型等知識(shí)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)用能力。

①熱點(diǎn)試題:關(guān)注語(yǔ)意題;關(guān)注動(dòng)詞題:時(shí)態(tài)類(一般現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、一般將來和一般過去時(shí))、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類(動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞)。

②解題技巧。讀全文、找中心句及掌握篇意;依據(jù)語(yǔ)意,關(guān)注實(shí)詞。(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞及連詞等)。

例如:(2006年大連市中考,II.完型填空21～25題)The first day of school our teacher let us know someone. Looking out, we found an old woman(21)at the door. She said, “Hi, my name is Susan. Im seventy years old.” While we were(22)what made her take this(23)at her age, she said with a smile, “Im here to meet a rich husband, get (24), have two children and travel together.” Hearing this, all of us laughed. “In fact,” she went on, “I always(25)of having a college education, and now Im getting some!” 21. A. escaped、B. appeared、C. reached、D. hurried,22. A. finding、B. getting、C. wanting、D. wondering,23. A. success、B. activity、C. challengeD. work,24. A. married、B. worried、C. excited、D.relaxed,25. A. realized、B. made、C. knew、D. dreamed.本文屬于情感故事類篇章,文章的前幾句就把故事的人物、故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)都交代清楚,然后通過對(duì)故事發(fā)展的敘述,反映出作者的情感。本題在前五道題中,涉及動(dòng)詞四個(gè),如:21、22、24和25題。這四道題都是在設(shè)定的語(yǔ)境中,依據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞意和用法來考查學(xué)生的。21題的語(yǔ)境是發(fā)現(xiàn)老人在門附近,故選擇B(出現(xiàn));22題的語(yǔ)境是what made her take this……再依據(jù)詞意選擇D(想知道);24題的語(yǔ)境是結(jié)交一個(gè)有錢人、結(jié)婚、生孩子和一起旅行,所以,選擇A;25題是依據(jù)詞意和詞的用法選擇D(夢(mèng)想)。

(2)閱讀理解題。英語(yǔ)閱讀理解主要考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力,包括閱讀能力、理解能力、歸納能力及邏輯推理能力,在中考試題中分值40分左右(約占試卷的30%)。

①熱點(diǎn)試題:關(guān)注主旨大意題、關(guān)注判斷推理題。

②解題技巧:在略讀全文和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,找中心句,歸納文章大意;通過對(duì)主旨的分析,把握作者的意圖,運(yùn)用隱含的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理;抓住高頻詞及中心詞。

③常見命題方式:What is the best headline / title of the passage?What is the main idea of the passage / the … paragraph?What is the whole passage mainly about?The text is mainly about( ).What is the topic of the text?The main purpose of this article / paragraph is().

例如:(2006年江蘇中考,Ⅲ. 閱讀理解)53. From the last sentence of the passage, we can infer that it is( ). 54. We can learn from the passage that( ).55. The best title for the passage is( ).59.We can infer that the increase of the mobile homes shows( ).60. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(2009·遼寧中考,Ⅲ. 閱讀理解)49. We can infer from the last sentence that( ).50. The best title of this passage is( ).

(普蘭店市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校)