一、there be句型的主謂一致

There be句型是英語中一種常見的倒裝形式，常用來表示某時某地存在某物/人，there只起引導(dǎo)作用，be動詞為謂語動詞，其后的名詞充當(dāng)主語，在該句型中常常把時間和地點狀語放在整個句子的最后面。作為一種常見的倒裝句型，主語在be動詞之后，如果主語是由and連接的多個并列的名詞充當(dāng)，這時候be動詞要遵循“就近一致”原則，即離be動詞最近的名詞來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

[例1]【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】With over 2500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations， we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 我們在適當(dāng)位置布局的五家租賃店存放了2500多輛自行車，我們確保隨時為您提供自行車。

分析： 該句中前面部分是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首做狀語，主干部分在后面，make sure后面的賓語從句屬于there be句型，a bike是主語，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)is。

[例2]【2021新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】There are plenty of other benefits， too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.

還有很多其他好處；它不收取城市稅；房間里既有空調(diào)，也有暖氣；每間客房都提供有免費無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

分析：該句包含有分號隔開的幾個小分句，彼此是并列關(guān)系，第一個小分句是there be句型，主語是后面名詞benefits，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)are。

鞏固訓(xùn)練1

①【2022新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷】There""" （be） one notable gap in my new-media experience， however： I’ve spent little time in front of a camera， since I have a face made for radio.

②【2021新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷】They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there""" （be） absolutely no risk.

③【2019年北京卷】That’s because there """（be） a number of powerful voice manipulation（處理） and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.

④【2022新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】With a workout partner， you will increase your training effort as there """"（be） a subtle （微妙） competition.

參考答案：① is ②was ③ are ④ is

二、there be句型的變體

在英語中，我們常常用一些不及物動詞來代替be動詞，使得該句型更生動形象，我們把這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫做there be句型的變化形式，亦稱之為變體。在該句型中，常用lie，stand，remain，exist等來表示靜止的狀態(tài)；用come，go，rise，arrive等來表示位置發(fā)生變化；還可以和used to do，happen to be，appear to be，seem to be等短語聯(lián)合使用，表達不同含義。

[例3]【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】 A few weeks later， when I almost forgot the contest， there came the news. 幾周后，當(dāng)我差點忘記比賽的時候，傳來了消息。

分析：該句中，使用了動詞come的過去式came作謂語，替代了be動詞was，表示傳來了消息。

[例4]【2015廣東卷】We know when Sally found there existed so many problems among her new students，she didn’t lose heart. 我們了解到當(dāng)Sally發(fā)現(xiàn)她和新同學(xué)間有矛盾時，她并沒有灰心。

分析：本句中，there be句型充當(dāng)found的賓語，用動詞existed來替代was，表示存在問題。

鞏固訓(xùn)練2

①At present there""" （stand） a good opportunity to promote the process of a diplomatic solution of this problem and they should negotiate it with each other.

②There""" （come） a time when children need to know more than the basic facts of life.

③If there happen """"（be） a lot of things going on， I may add several new entries in a week.

④You can see a new library where there """"（use） to be a square.

參考答案：①stands ②comes ③ to be ④used

三、there be句型的非謂語形式

There be句型的非謂語形式包括了there being+n.和there to be+n.兩種形式，在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語和狀語，其理解的難度較大，近些年尚未出現(xiàn)在高考試題中，但同學(xué)們可以應(yīng)用于寫作中，提升句式表達。

[例5] There being a building with a garden is of great value.擁有花園的建筑是很有價值的。

分析：本句中使用there be句型的動名詞形式在句中做主語，謂語動詞是其后的is。

[例6] People don’t want there to be anther world war.人們不希望再有世界大戰(zhàn)了。

It depends on there being a sudden change.這需要有一個突然的改變。

分析：第一句中使用there be句型的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)want的賓語；第二句中使用there be句型的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)depend on的賓語。

[例7] There being no buses for us， we had to walk home finally.由于沒有公共汽車，我們最終不得不走著回家。

分析：該句中使用了there be句型的現(xiàn)在分詞形式在句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，主干部分在后面。

鞏固訓(xùn)練3

①There nbsp;""""（be） no nobody in the room， we realized that there was no use crying.

②There """""（be） no nobody in the room， so I couldn’t ask for help.

③There """"（be） a library in our school now is a great use to us.

④The teacher was waiting for there """"（be） complete silence.

參考答案：①being ②was ③ being ④to be

四、there be句型后接非謂語

There be句型后接非謂語是高考試卷中出現(xiàn)的高頻語句，也是重難點，全面掌握它是正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)。后接非謂語的基本型為：there + be+n.+to do/doing/done， 但是非謂語涉及到被動式，完成式等等，會使得該句型變得復(fù)雜。

[例8]【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷】Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to paint in those brush miles. 經(jīng)常畫畫，寫生。沒有什么方式比置身于數(shù)英里的灌木叢繪畫更能提升畫畫水平的了。

分析：該句中使用了動詞不定式to improve充當(dāng)way的后置定語。

[例9]【2022新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East， and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.目前，東北20家養(yǎng)老院有700名老年人照顧母雞，該慈善機構(gòu)已獲得財政支持，并在全國范圍內(nèi)推廣。

分析：該句中使用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語looking after充當(dāng)people的后置定語，表示動作的進行。

[例10]【2021年上海卷】There are already driver-assist technologies built into some cars that monitor the speed of vehicles around you， detect potential accidents before they occur， and automatically slow or stop the car to avoid a wreck. 一些汽車已經(jīng)內(nèi)置了駕駛員輔助技術(shù)，可以監(jiān)測周圍車輛的速度，在事故發(fā)生前檢測潛在風(fēng)險，并自動減速或停車以避免事故發(fā)生。

分析：該句中使用了過去分詞短語充當(dāng)driver-assist technologies的后置定語，表示動作的被動或者完成。

[例11]【2020年上海卷】There’s something to be said about solo travel. 關(guān)于獨自旅行有一些話要說。

分析：該句中使用了不定式短語to be said充當(dāng)something的后置定語，say與something之前存在被動關(guān)系，所以不定式使用了to be done結(jié)構(gòu)。

鞏固訓(xùn)練4

①【2020年北京卷】And， having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers， I believe there is good reason """""（doubt） that we will see AGI any time soon， if ever.

②【2017年上海卷】At the same time， there are increasing examples of parents""" "（refuse） to step up when students genuinely need their family.

③ 【2018年浙江卷】 In 1812， the year Charles Dickens was born， there were 66 novels""" "（publish） in Britain.

④【2021年天津卷】There is something """""（say） for being a generalist， even if you are a specialist.

參考答案：①to doubt ②refusing ③published ④to be said

五、there be句型后接從句

There be句型后面常常接定語從句和同位語從句，也是高考閱讀理解常常出現(xiàn)的一種長難句，學(xué)生在分析時候往往難以理清句子成分，給解題帶來了一定的困難。學(xué)生只有對此句型加以訓(xùn)練，熟悉之后，才能在做題時游刃有余。該句型框架為：there+be+n.+定語從句/同位語從句。

[例12]【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷】Unfortunately， there is no magic list that I can offer. 不幸的是，我無法提供魔法清單。

分析：該句中，主句是there is no magic list，從句是that I can offer，list作為先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞that連接定語從句。

[例13]【2021新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】 But like all performances， there are moments when things go wrong. 但就像所有的表演一樣，也有出錯的時候。

分析：該句中，主句是there are moments，從句是when things go wrong，moments充當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when連接定語從句。

[例14]【2022年上海卷】As a best practice， we recommend leaving all valuables at home， even if your child has a bracelet or necklace that they never take off， there is still the chance that it could be lost while swimming or participating in camp activities.作為一種最佳做法，我們建議將所有貴重物品留在家中。即使您的孩子有一個從未摘下的手鐲或項鏈，它仍有可能在游泳或參加營地活動時丟失。

分析：該句中，there is still the chance為主句，that it could be lost為從句，從句對前面名詞chance起著解釋說明作用，因此that在此引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

鞏固訓(xùn)練5

①【2021年上海卷】There is a lot""" "we can learn from the land that surrounds us and the best way to acquire that knowledge is by traveling and experiencing.

②【2021年浙江卷】There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home """"neighbourhood children gather to play.

③【2020年天津卷】From Snoopy to Spider-Man and bears to butterflies， there isn’t much""" "he hasn’t drawn.

④【2021年上海卷】There is a dominant school of thought""" energy access can be achieved around the world with only carbon-free sources.

參考答案：①that ②where" ③that ④that

六、there be句型的時態(tài)

There be句型可應(yīng)用于不同的時態(tài)，時態(tài)主要體現(xiàn)在be動詞的變化上，一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)用is或are；一般過去時態(tài)用was或were；一般將來時態(tài)用will be或is/are going to be; 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)用has done或have done；過去完成時態(tài)用had done。

[例15]【2022新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age， with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. 對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實，新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球變化，在過去幾千年中，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。

分析： 該there be句型在句中充當(dāng)confirm的賓語，時態(tài)和主句保持一致，運用了一般過去時態(tài)的單數(shù)謂語was。

[例16]【2020年上海卷】The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world.全世界人口為70億，預(yù)計到今年年底，世界上每五個人將擁有一部智能手機。

分析：該there be句型的時間狀語為by the end of this year，表將來，故謂語動詞運用了一般將來時態(tài)will be。

鞏固訓(xùn)練6

①【2021新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】 Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots， bar crawls and karaoke. There""" （be） also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.

②【2021新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷】There """"（be） some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.

③【2017年上海卷】Paper sizes are in inches. If an image’s dimensions （尺寸） don’t exactly match the papers dimensions there """"（be） a wider margin on the narrowest side.

④【2020年天津卷】 While there""" （be） real progress in the e-plane industry， the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone’s feet firmly on the ground.

參考答案：①is ②were" ③will be ④has been

七、there be句型的情態(tài)動詞

There be句型還可以和情態(tài)動詞連用，用來表示推測，表示“可能有，可能存在”之意，當(dāng)然，與不同的情態(tài)動詞連用具有不同的含義，與must，can’t，may，might連用可以表示對現(xiàn)在的推測；與must have been，can’t have been，may have been，might have been連用表示對過去的推測。

[例17]【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷】If you’re lucky， there might be a pocket park near where you live， but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 如果你幸運的話，你住的地方附近可能有一個口袋公園，但在城市里找到相對天然野生的地方是不尋常的。

分析：該there be句型中使用了情態(tài)動詞might，是表示對現(xiàn)在的可能性推測，表示“現(xiàn)在有可能有……”之意。

[例18] There must have been several hundred people present just before the show began. 在演出開始前，場內(nèi)肯定已有好幾百人了。

分析：該there be句型中使用了must have been，表示對過去的肯定推測，表示“過去某時肯定有……”。

鞏固訓(xùn)練7

①This letter is addressed to someone else ─ there """"be some mistake.

②There """"have been a rain last night， for the ground is so wet.

③The assistant principal is in critical condition. The mayor says there """"have been some pre-existing health problems，but he is not sure.

④Without caring for students， there""" "not be sufficient communication between students and teachers.

參考答案：①must "②must "③may ④can

八、there be句型的拓展句型

There be句型的拓展句型有以下兩類，第一類為there +be+no+n. + to do/in doing sth.，常見的表達有There be no good/sense/use/point/ harm/+（in）doing sth.意為“做……沒有好處/毫無道理/ 毫無用處/沒有意義/沒有壞處；There be no need to do sth.意為“沒必要做某事”；第二類為there +be+no+V-ing，常見的表達有There be no telling/ saying/talking/ joking/ denying，意為“不可能知道/不可能說清/談不上/不可開玩笑/不可否認(rèn)”。

[例19]【2017年上海卷】There are classes for the mothers of babies， but there’s no helping with your mum and dad growing old.這里有為嬰兒母親開設(shè)的課程，但對你變老的父母沒有任何幫助。

分析：此處使用了there +be+no+V-ing.句型結(jié)構(gòu)。

[例20]【2018江蘇卷書面表達】There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers， but they are often misleading and unreliable.不可否認(rèn)，這樣的評級可能會給消費者帶來便利，但它們往往具有誤導(dǎo)性和不可靠性。

分析：此處使用了there +be+no+V-ing.句型結(jié)構(gòu)。

鞏固訓(xùn)練8

①There is no point in """"（push） them unless they are talented and they enjoy it.

②Some of these ideas are worth pursuing， but there is no need """"（reinvent） the wheel.

③There is no""" （joke） about it， so you should take it seriously， and you shouldn’t take it lightly.

④Though China is already famed for its culture， there is no harm in""" （promote） something the country does well.

參考答案：①pushing "② to reinvent "③joking ④ promoting

綜合訓(xùn)練：請用there be句型將下列句子翻譯成英文。

1.【2022年全國乙卷書面表達】為了學(xué)好英語，我們可以做很多事情。

2.【2022年全國乙卷書面表達】大約有65%的學(xué)生更喜歡聽英語歌曲，而50%的學(xué)生選擇看英語電影。

3.【2021年3月天津卷書面表達】更重要的是，走在自然保護區(qū)，你有機會看到稀有動物，如大熊貓和金絲猴。這里還保護著許多稀有植物。

4.【2020年1月上海卷書面表達】中國新年即將到來。與此同時，住房和鐵路建設(shè)工地晝夜不停地運轉(zhuǎn)，數(shù)百名農(nóng)民工在這里放棄了寶貴的家庭團聚，以趕在最后期限前完成任務(wù)。

5.【2019年全國Ⅱ卷書面表達】至于比賽的詳細(xì)信息，可能會有幾十支球隊將進行循環(huán)比賽。

6.【2019年全國Ⅲ卷書面表達】屆時將有才華橫溢的學(xué)生進行精彩的表演。

參考答案：

1.There are many things we can do to learn English well.

2.There are roughly 65% of the students preferring to listen to English songs while 50% of the students choose to watch English movies.

3.What’s more， walking in the nature reserve， you have a chance to see rare animals like giant pandas， golden monkeys. There are also many species of rare plants protected here.

4.The Chinese New Year is round the corner. Meanwhile， there are housing and railway construction sites running round the clock where hundreds of migrant workers sacrifice their precious family reunion to meet the deadline.

5.As for the detailed information of the match， there will be probably dozens of teams which are going to make a revolving competition.

6.Then there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students.

【作者簡介：中小學(xué)一級教師，賀州市優(yōu)秀教師、優(yōu)秀班主任。曾在《中學(xué)生英語》《英語周報》《賀州教育》等期刊獨立發(fā)表文章10余篇，主持賀州市規(guī)劃課題1項，參與并完成賀州市規(guī)劃課題3項】

責(zé)任編輯 吳昊雷