文／李群

圖／侯賀良

英國(guó)作家貢布里希在《寫給大家的簡(jiǎn)明世界史》一書中寫道：“在孔子學(xué)說(shuō)的影響下，偉大的中華民族比世界上別的民族更加和睦和平地共同生活了幾千年?！币苍S正因?yàn)槿绱耍玫亓私庵袊?guó)，應(yīng)該從孔子開始；要更好地了解孔子，可以隨著攝影師的鏡頭走進(jìn)曲阜。

泰山之陽(yáng)，以曲阜為核心的這個(gè)地區(qū)是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的精神文化空間。這里，文脈悠長(zhǎng)，山水鐘靈，因是孔子故里而蜚聲中外，更因孔廟、孔林、孔府成為海內(nèi)外華人心向往之的文化圣地。作為中國(guó)歷代紀(jì)念孔子、推崇儒學(xué)的表征，孔廟、孔林、孔府等古跡，展現(xiàn)了古老中國(guó)的廟堂文化和詩(shī)禮傳統(tǒng)，承載了中華民族深沉的精神追求，表達(dá)著傳統(tǒng)文化蘊(yùn)含的思想觀念、人文精神和道德規(guī)范。

久經(jīng)歷史風(fēng)雨和時(shí)代更迭，孔廟、孔林、孔府對(duì)于傳承發(fā)展孔子學(xué)說(shuō)和儒家思想發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用?？讖R是紀(jì)念、祭祀孔子的地方，里面供奉著150多位歷代圣賢大儒，他們是配享、從祀之人?？鬃拥臍v代直系子孫居住在孔府，具體負(fù)責(zé)孔廟祭祀，在弘揚(yáng)孔子學(xué)說(shuō)方面作用重大。在孔林里，安葬著一代又一代孔子后裔。這個(gè)世界上最大的家族墓地，與規(guī)模宏大的孔府一樣，不僅彰顯著家族的榮耀，也為弘揚(yáng)孔子儒家學(xué)說(shuō)發(fā)揮著積極作用。

千年禮樂歸東魯，萬(wàn)古衣冠拜素王?？讖R、孔林、孔府是中國(guó)歷代文人的精神家園，是認(rèn)知文化中國(guó)的教科書。漫步孔廟，或者走進(jìn)孔府、孔林，行走在一幢幢石碑前，就好像回到了千百年前的時(shí)光里。那些歷史上的重要人物都不約而同地出現(xiàn)在這里，讓人遐思，令人回味。

千年古城，儒潤(rùn)九州八萬(wàn)里。歲月雖流逝，在曲阜，孔子依舊鮮活地“活在”氣勢(shì)恢宏的建筑群落里，“活在”人們的思想觀念和日常行為中，如皓月當(dāng)空，長(zhǎng)明不熄，照耀著一代又一代人。

圖／周建文

圖／韋婧

圖／韋婧

E. H. Gombrich, a British writer, wrote in, “Thanks to Confucius’ teachings, all the people of China lived together for thousands of years, more contentedly and more peacefully than many other peoples of the world.” Perhaps for this reason, we should start with Confucius so as to have a better understanding of China, and could follow the photographer’s lens to approach Qufu so as to have a better understanding of Confucius.

On the south of Mount Tai, the area with Qufu at its core is a unique spiritual and cultural space. With its longstanding cultural context and splendid scenery, it not only is famous at home and abroad for being the hometown of Confucius, but has also become a glamorous cultural shrine for domestic and overseas Chinese people because of the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion. As symbols for commemorating Confucius and advocating Confucianism in all eras of China, such historic sites as the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion reveal the temple culture and poetry & ceremony tradition of ancient China, carry the profound spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, and express the thoughts & ideas, humanistic spirits and moral standards of traditional culture.

Millennia-old rites and music come from the hometown of Confucius; immortal civilization and culture originate from Confucius. The “Temple and Cemetery of Confu-cius, and the Kong Family Mansion” have been the spiritual homes of Chinese scholars of all epochs, and for textbooks on learning about Chinese culture. Walking in the Temple of Confucius, or strolling in front of various steles in the Kong Family Mansion and the Cemetery of Confucius, you may feel like stepping back thousands of years. Those historical personages all appeared here at the same time. It is thought-provoking and evocative.

In the millennia-old city, Confucianism has nurtured a vast area. Though time fleets past, Confucius remains “alive” in these imposing building complexes of Qufu, and “alive” in the thoughts, ideas and daily deeds of the people, like a bright moon shining on the people generation after generation.