臺文琦,孫興國,△,郝 璐,宋 雅,徐 凡,周晴晴,徐丹丹,張 也,劉 方,王繼楠,石 超,于 紅,馮 靜,曹建忠
(1.國家心血管病中心,中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院阜外醫(yī)院,北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院心血管疾病國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,心血管疾病國家臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,北京 100037;2.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬康復(fù)醫(yī)院,重慶 400050;3.湖北省中醫(yī)院,湖北省中醫(yī)藥研究院,武漢 430006;4.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京康復(fù)醫(yī)院,北京100144;5.北京第一康復(fù)醫(yī)院,北京 100044)
2015 年成人高血壓患病率為27.9%,且患病率隨年齡增加而升高;2002 至2012 年中國成人血脂異常患病率大幅上升;2013 年中國成人糖尿病標(biāo)化患病率為10.9%,且老年人、城市居民、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、超重和肥胖者中患病率較高[1]。目前,臨床上對該類慢病的治療主要以藥物為主,表面上可以降壓、降糖、降脂,但并不能從根本上治療疾病。在整體整合生理學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)新理論體系[2-5]指導(dǎo)下,以運(yùn)動(dòng)為核心的慢病診療經(jīng)實(shí)踐證明有效:患者經(jīng)心肺運(yùn)動(dòng)試驗(yàn)(cardiopulmonary exercise testing, CPET)評估,按照Δ50%功率制定運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度[6-10],結(jié)合連續(xù)血糖、連續(xù)逐搏血壓、動(dòng)靜脈脈搏波、心電心音、睡眠呼吸等多功能監(jiān)測制定運(yùn)動(dòng)頻次,從而得到完整的個(gè)體化運(yùn)動(dòng)方案,配合被動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)(體外反搏)和八段錦、拉伸運(yùn)動(dòng)等,再加上對飲食、睡眠等各種生活方式的調(diào)整,以期改善患者的整體功能狀態(tài),讓機(jī)體自主地從失代償狀態(tài)向正常轉(zhuǎn)歸,實(shí)現(xiàn)異常指標(biāo)的逆轉(zhuǎn),且減藥、停藥后不反彈[11]。
橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波與心臟舒縮及動(dòng)脈血管直徑、血管壁彈性、血液黏度等密切相關(guān),包含人體的許多生理病理學(xué)特征信息[12]。本課題組發(fā)現(xiàn)慢病患者的脈搏波波形異于正常人,切跡出現(xiàn)率較低、甚至消失,在單次精準(zhǔn)功率運(yùn)動(dòng)后,患者的脈搏波波峰變高、波形變窄、切跡出現(xiàn)率升高[13]。前期我們觀察了靜息狀態(tài)下長期慢病患者的重搏波特征及單次個(gè)體化運(yùn)動(dòng)對重搏波的影響[14],本研究將分析運(yùn)動(dòng)前后長期慢病患者的脈搏波波形及所有特征點(diǎn)改變,在整體分析的基礎(chǔ)上加入個(gè)體化分析,以探討橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波作為評價(jià)指標(biāo),評估運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)化管控對長期慢病患者的療效。
選擇2017 年6 月至2019 年6 月經(jīng)我們團(tuán)隊(duì)管理的已明確診斷為高血壓和(或)糖尿病和(或)高脂血癥的長期(病程≥5 年)慢病患者16 例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):在未使用降壓藥物的情況下,非同日3 次測量診室血壓,收縮壓≥140 mmHg 和(或)舒 張 壓≥90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)[15];(2)高脂血癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):血漿總膽固醇>6.2 mmol/L(240 mg/dl)和(或)血漿甘油三酯>2.3 mmol/L(200 mg/dl)和(或)低密度脂蛋白膽固醇>4.1 mmol/L(160 mg/dl)和(或)高密度脂蛋白膽固醇<1.0 mmol/L(40 mg/dl)[16];(3)糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):有典型糖尿病癥狀(多飲、多尿和不明原因的體重下降)加上隨機(jī)血糖≥11.1 mmol/L(200 mg/dl)和(或)空腹血糖(FPG)≥7.0(126 mg/dl)和(或)75 g 葡萄糖負(fù)荷后2 h 血糖≥11.1 mmol/L(200 mg/dl)[17]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):心腦血管病急性期,妊娠期,認(rèn)知功能障礙,下肢功能障礙或活動(dòng)不便者,合并有其他疾病或并發(fā)癥。所有入組患者均簽署知情同意書。同時(shí),我們選用本實(shí)驗(yàn)室同期研究的16 例年輕健康正常人和13 例新確診慢病患者的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較異同。
使用意大利科時(shí)邁(COSMEDS.R.L.)公司Quark PFT Ergo 型心肺運(yùn)動(dòng)測試系統(tǒng),測試前進(jìn)行氣體容量定標(biāo)、高中低三流速定標(biāo)、空氣校準(zhǔn)、O2和CO2兩點(diǎn)式系統(tǒng)自身定標(biāo)及代謝模擬器定標(biāo)[18]。受試者先坐位完成靜態(tài)肺功能檢查,然后在功率自行車上按照美國加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(Harbor-UCLA)醫(yī)學(xué)中心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)用連續(xù)遞增功率方案完成癥狀限制性極限CPET(即直到腿酸乏力或出現(xiàn)呼吸困難、胸痛、頭暈、惡心等癥狀時(shí)方可停止):先在功率自行車上靜息3 min;然后以約60 r/min 的速率無負(fù)荷熱身3 min;根據(jù)年齡、性別和預(yù)估功能狀態(tài)等選擇20~40 W/min 的遞增功率,使受試者在6~10 min 內(nèi)達(dá)到癥狀限制性極限狀態(tài),獲得最大負(fù)荷功率;最后是5~10 min 的恢復(fù)期,全程嚴(yán)密監(jiān)護(hù)受試者的12 導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電、血氧飽和度、血壓、氣體交換情況等。然后,運(yùn)用美國Harbor-UCLA 醫(yī)學(xué)中心臨床試驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原則對CPET 采集得到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,按照每次呼吸(breath-by-breath)分隔導(dǎo)出原始數(shù)據(jù),再經(jīng)過每秒切割(second-by-second),計(jì)算每10 s 的平均數(shù)據(jù)來制作新9 圖,用V-slope 法測得無氧閾,獲得無氧閾功率[19]。
根據(jù)受試者CPET 結(jié)果計(jì)算運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度:Δ50%功率=(無氧閾功率-功率遞增速率×0.75)/2+(最大負(fù)荷功率-功率遞增速率×0.75)/2[20-24]。在CPET 完成的一周內(nèi)(期間受試者不進(jìn)行任何適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練),完成單次精準(zhǔn)功率運(yùn)動(dòng):采用醫(yī)療級精準(zhǔn)功率計(jì)自行車,以60 r/min 左右的速率蹬車,運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間限定30 min,前后各加2 min 低功率(20 W)熱身和恢復(fù),運(yùn)動(dòng)期間可根據(jù)自身情況休息與再運(yùn)動(dòng),全程嚴(yán)密監(jiān)護(hù)受試者的連續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)心電、血氧、血壓等信息以確保安全[11]。
1.3.1 運(yùn)動(dòng)前后橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波的采集
采用杭州高聯(lián)醫(yī)療設(shè)備廠生產(chǎn)的左右心功能同步檢測分析儀采集脈搏波。囑受試者安靜平躺在床上,將動(dòng)脈傳感器探頭放置在橈動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)較強(qiáng)處,用松緊帶固定,根據(jù)橈動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)強(qiáng)弱、位置,調(diào)整松緊帶的松緊程度和探頭位置,必要時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)傳感器旋帽調(diào)整探頭的伸出長度,直至動(dòng)脈波形大小、形狀滿意。靜脈傳感器放置在鎖骨頭與胸鎖乳突肌交界處的以頸內(nèi)、頸外和鎖骨下三支靜脈為主匯合形成的球部,應(yīng)注意避開頸部的動(dòng)脈影響,壓上大小適當(dāng)?shù)纳炒?,保證波形基線的平穩(wěn),并調(diào)整探頭的長度、位置和方向,以獲得理想的波形。心音傳感器放置在心前區(qū)第二肋間附近,用細(xì)沙袋壓住。心電信號取心電圖的第二導(dǎo)聯(lián)信號,心電電極分別接左、右下肢和右上肢。準(zhǔn)備工作就緒后,在軟件界面輸入受試者姓名、性別、年齡、身高、體重等基本信息,然后開始脈搏波采集,待波形穩(wěn)定后開始記錄。每次測量記錄并保存50 s 的波形數(shù)據(jù)。受試者結(jié)束運(yùn)動(dòng)后立即平躺在床上,連接好設(shè)備,采集并記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)后10 min、20 min、30 min 的脈搏波數(shù)據(jù)。為保證脈搏波采集的穩(wěn)定性和重復(fù)性,所有波形采集工作均由同一位受過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化培訓(xùn)的研究人員執(zhí)行。
1.3.2 脈搏波數(shù)據(jù)處理
采集完50 s 的脈搏波并保存,先讓軟件自動(dòng)識別每個(gè)脈搏波特征點(diǎn):脈搏波起始點(diǎn)(B)、主波波峰點(diǎn)(P1)、重搏波波谷點(diǎn)(PL)、重搏波波峰點(diǎn)(P2)、脈搏波結(jié)束點(diǎn)(E),然后人工復(fù)檢,剔除掉干擾波。從儀器中導(dǎo)出脈搏波特征點(diǎn)對應(yīng)的橫坐標(biāo)(時(shí)間T)和縱坐標(biāo)(幅值Y)的原始數(shù)據(jù),在Excel 2010 中進(jìn)一步處理:(1)將上一個(gè)脈搏波的結(jié)束點(diǎn)E 視為下一個(gè)脈搏波的起始點(diǎn)B(即YB= YE);將TB 歸零,YB 不變,得到主要觀察指標(biāo):TP1、TPL、TP2、TE及 YB、YP1、YPL、YP2;(2)計(jì)算得出次要觀察指標(biāo):ΔYP1(YP1-YB,即P1 的相對幅值)、ΔYPL(YPL-YB,即PL 的相對幅值)、ΔYP2(YP2-YB,即P2 的相對幅值),TE-TPL(舒張期)、(TE-TPL)/TPL(舒張期/收縮期)、脈率,S1(B 和P1 之間斜率,即主波升支斜率)、S2(PL 和P2 之間斜率,即重搏波升支斜率),ΔYP2-ΔYPL(重搏波幅度)、TP2-TPL(重搏波時(shí)間);(3)重搏波定性分析:定義波峰明顯的重搏波為YP2>YPL,即脈搏波下降支出現(xiàn)波谷后又有明顯的上升;無明顯波峰的重搏波為YP2 ≤YPL,即波谷后無明顯的上升,脈搏波下降支出現(xiàn)平臺或一直下降至結(jié)束點(diǎn);計(jì)算波峰明顯的重搏波出現(xiàn)率(50 s 內(nèi)YP2>YPL 的 波形個(gè)數(shù)/波形總個(gè)數(shù)×100%);④首先對每位受試者的50 s 脈搏波數(shù)據(jù)個(gè)體化分析,再將所有數(shù)據(jù)求均值進(jìn)行整體分析。
16 例長期慢病患者,其中男性14 例,女性2 例;年齡(53.7±12.6,28~80)歲;身高(171.7±6.6,155~183)cm;體質(zhì)量(80.0±13.5, 54~98)kg(表1)。與新確診慢病患者的基礎(chǔ)資料無顯著差異;與年輕健康正常人相比,年齡、體質(zhì)量較大(P均<0.05)。
Tab.1 Basic information of patients with long-term chronic diseases (±s , n=16)
Tab.1 Basic information of patients with long-term chronic diseases (±s , n=16)
M: Male; F: Female; Overweight: BMI is 24 to 27.9; obesity: BMI is 28 to 31.9*P<0.05 vs normal people
Number Gender(M/F)Age(year)Height(cm)Weight(kg) Diagnosis 1 M 61 168 85 Coronary heart disease stent surgery, hypertension,hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity 2 M 63 180 75 Hypertension, hyperlipidemia 3 M 62 172 70 Hypertension, hyperlipidemia Coronary heart disease stent surgery, hypertension,hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, type 2 diabetes, peripheral atherosclerosis, obesity 5 M 80 176 88 Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, carotid plaque, aortic sclerosis,overweight 6 M 66 166 64 Lacunar infarction, peripheral atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia 7 M 51 173 85 Diabetes, carotid atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, overweight 4 M 56 177 95 28 183 94 Coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia,overweight 9 M 50 170 83 Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity 8 M 10 M 39 176 91 Hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease stent surgery, obesity 11 M 46 171 67 Coronary heart disease after stent surgery, hyperlipidemia 12 F 60 155 54 Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, lacunar infarction 13 M 37 170 98 Hypertension, abnormal glucose metabolism, obesity 14 M 48 175 95 Coronary heart disease stent surgery, type 2 diabetes,hyperlipidemia, obesity 15 F 54 170 70 Hyperlipidemia, lacunar infarction, hypertension 16 M 58 165 66 Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, dilated heart disease All patients 14/2 53.7±12.6* 171.7±6.6 80.0±13.5*
2.2.1 運(yùn)動(dòng)前靜息脈搏波
16 例長期慢病患者靜息脈搏波主要觀察指標(biāo):YB(91.5±10.8,71.1~108.6)、YP1(203.6±24.7,162.7~236.3)、YPL(127.1±6.2,118.2~140.3)、YP2(125.9±6.2,115.7~137.7)、TP1(137.2±22.3,103.0~197.1)、TPL(368.7±29.5,316.3~434.0)、TP2(422.7±32.8,376.9~494.7)、TE(883.4±95.0,672.2~1003.3),次要觀察指標(biāo):ΔYP1(112.1±33.8,60.3~157.5)、ΔYPL(35.5±14.2,17.5~66.2)、ΔYP2(34.4±13.3,20.0~62.9)、TE-TPL(514.6±85.4,341.4~621.9)、(TE-TPL)/TPL(1.4±0.2,1.0~1.7)、脈 率(68.8±8.4,59.8~89.3)、S1(0.9±0.3,0.4~1.4)、S2(0.0±0.0,-0.1~0.0)、ΔYP2-ΔYPL(-1.2±2.6,-6.5 ~2.5)、TP2-TPL(54.0±10.8,33.6~81.1)。與正常人相比,長期慢病患者的YP1、YP2、ΔYP1、ΔYP2、S1、S2、ΔYP2-ΔYPL、TP2-TPL 較?。≒均<0.05);與新確診患者相比, YPL 較大,而ΔYP2-ΔYPL 較?。≒均<0.05)(主要觀察指標(biāo)的個(gè)體化和整體分析見表2,次要觀察指標(biāo)見表6)。
Tab.2 Information on main observation indexes and individualized response of resting radial artery pulse wave in patients with longterm chronic diseases(±s, min ~ max)
Tab.2 Information on main observation indexes and individualized response of resting radial artery pulse wave in patients with longterm chronic diseases(±s, min ~ max)
*P<0.05 vs normal people; #P<0.05 vs newly diagnosed patients with chronic disease
Number The number of 50 s pulse wave YB YP1 YPL YP2 TP1 TPL TP2 TE 1 42 95.6±9.1 209.1±9.2 124.9±8.1 125.9±8.0 145.6±9.5 389.3±19.4 437.4±18.8 1003.3±39.6 69.0~114.0 183.0~228.0 93.0~142.0 95.0~143.0 125.0~170.0 355.0~445.0 395.0~495.0 920.0~1120.0 2 54 81.7±9.9 232.4±9.5 127.7±8.5 128.8±7.5 127.6±8.5 366.8±12.4 421.8±13.1 944.4±24.8 50.0~100.0 210.0~240.0 109.0~148.0 115.0~148.0 105.0~155.0 340.0~385.0 390.0~450.0 895.0~1025.0 3 52 75.0±3.0 232.5±3.1 140.3±2.3 137.7±2.1 126.7±6.3 359.3±7.5 392.9±9.7 981.3±17.5 70.0~84.0 227.0~240.0 134.0~145.0 133.0~143.0 115.0~145.0 340.0~380.0 370.0~410.0 940.0~1020.0 4 50 101.6±5.9 177.5±8.2 133.1±6.4 130.3±6.2 163.2±15.9 399.4±27.1 450.1±21.9 997.4±19.1 86.0~113.0 161.0~195.0 120.0~148.0 119.0~145.0 135.0~215.0 345.0~475.0 400.0~515.0 960.0~1055.0 5 60 98.0±5.3 189.0±4.7 126.4±4.6 125.0±4.1 159.3±24.5 380.1±28.2 417.1±29.4 843.7±27.9 79.0~106.0 180.0~196.0 115.0~135.0 117.0~133.0 125.0~200.0 335.0~465.0 365.0~505.0 775.0~895.0 6 28 108.6±13.2 175.2±12.4 129.2±12.8 130.3±12.5 127.5±17.8 348.9±38.4 401.6±45.7 862.7±39.0 76.0~130.0 154.0~195.0 109.0~166.0 109.0~166.0 100.0~185.0 190.0~400.0 210.0~465.0 705.0~905.0 7 72 102.4±4.4 162.7±4.1 126.7±4.4 127.3±4.3 134.4±8.1 340.5±21.7 399.5±22.4 701.6±20.3 93.0~113.0 154.0~173.0 115.0~140.0 120.0~141.0 120.0~150.0 305.0~435.0 345.0~490.0 645.0~755.0 8 48 94.1±8.9 167.6±7.7 132.4±5.7 129.4±6.1 197.1±15.7 434.0±24.0 494.7±23.1 885.9±41.9 78.0~110.0 154.0~184.0 118.0~144.0 117.0~144.0 175.0~285.0 380.0~520.0 460.0~600.0 780.0~1035.0 9 66 95.5±7.9 193.5±7.3 121.0±6.7 121.8±6.8 123.5±7.3 330.8±13.0 387.2±14.5 672.2±15.9 79.0~124.0 179.0~222.0 107.0~142.0 107.0~143.0 110.0~155.0 300.0~375.0 340.0~430.0 630.0~705.0 10 49 102.8±11.9 190.0±14.9 120.3±13.1 122.8±12.7 142.2±21.7 399.2±51.8 480.3±65.7 931.9±46.1 80.0~126.0 160.0~220.0 93.0~145.0 93.0~148.0 115.0~225.0 340.0~600.0 380.0~640.0 845.0~1040.0 11 55 71.1±2.8 225.0±5.1 137.4±3.2 134.0±2.3 127.5±4.6 365.7±10.2 422.6±13.3 905.9±33.2 66.0~76.0 211.0~233.0 130.0~144.0 128.0~138.0 120.0~140.0 335.0~390.0 390.0~445.0 825.0~975.0 12 56 83.3±2.8 222.8±3.3 124.1±3.3 117.6±3.1 114.0±5.1 361.9±7.5 417.8±9.6 892.9±15.3 76.0~93.0 215.0~237.0 115.0~138.0 110.0~133.0 100.0~125.0 345.0~375.0 395.0~440.0 840.0~920.0 13 54 86.3±2.9 226.7±5.1 128.1±2.4 128.9±2.4 103.0±4.4 351.6±11.6 395.2±14.6 941.5±44.8 80.0~92.0 220.0~240.0 122.0~135.0 125.0~138.0 90.0~110.0 330.0~375.0 360.0~425.0 860.0~1070.0 14 55 97.8±4.2 208.1±6.2 122.5±4.1 122.7±3.6 125.9±4.4 364.0±12.0 421.5±14.4 921.0±50.2 91.0~105.0 182.0~224.0 106.0~130.0 110.0~131.0 110.0~135.0 330.0~390.0 390.0~455.0 630.0~1035.0 15 61 80.7±4.8 209.5±7.1 118.2±4.5 116.0±4.3 129.4±7.3 391.7±10.9 446.9±11.5 815.3±37.9 69.0~99.0 196.0~230.0 106.0~127.0 106.0~127.0 110.0~145.0 360.0~410.0 420.0~470.0 755.0~920.0 16 60 90.3±7.5 236.3±6.2 121.1±7.8 115.7±7.5 148.9±6.4 316.3±10.2 376.9±17.3 832.9±11.7 75.0~104.0 218.0~240.0 105.0~136.0 101.0~129.0 135.0~160.0 295.0~350.0 335.0~415.0 810.0~860.0 All patients 862 91.5±10.8 203.6±24.7* 127.1±6.2# 125.9±6.2* 137.2±22.3 368.7±29.5 422.7±32.8 883.4±95.0 71.1~108.6 162.7~236.3 118.2~140.3 115.7~137.7 103.0~197.1 316.3~434.0 376.9~494.7 672.2~1003.3
2.2.2 單次個(gè)體化運(yùn)動(dòng)后的脈搏波變化
運(yùn)動(dòng)后10 min,YB、 YPL、YP2、TPL、TE 減小,YP1 增大;ΔYPL、TE-TPL、(TE-TPL)/TPL 減小,而ΔYP1、脈率、S1、ΔYP2-ΔYPL、 TP2-TPL 增大(P均<0.05)。與正常人相比,長期慢病患者的YB、脈率、ΔYP2-ΔYPL、 TP2-TPL 較 小,YP1、YPL、TP1、ΔYP1、ΔYPL、ΔYP2 較大(P均<0.05);與新確診患者相比, YP1、TE、TE-TPL、(TE-TPL)/TPL較大,而脈率較?。≒均<0.05,表3)。
Tab.3 The main observation index information and individualized response of long-term chronic disease patients 10 minutes after exercise (±s, min ~ max)
Tab.3 The main observation index information and individualized response of long-term chronic disease patients 10 minutes after exercise (±s, min ~ max)
*P<0.05 vs normal people; #P<0.05 vs newly diagnosed chronic disease patients; $P<0.05 vs resting value
Number The number of 50 s pulse wave YB YP1 YPL YP2 TP1 TPL TP2 TE 1 62 92.7±3.3 220.5±5.9 110.7±3.9 116.9±2.7 123.4±4.4 336.3±14.4 405.1±11.2 781.2±17.9 82.0~100.0 207.0~230.0 100.0~117.0 112.0~123.0 115.0~130.0 310.0~355.0 380.0~425.0 750.0~825.0 2 74 64.4±12.7 240.3±6.2 97.4±13.7 103.6±13.1 120.4±12.1 339.5±8.6 396.6±18.3 686.8±21.3 39.0~88.0 212.0~249.0 67.0~125.0 75.0~129.0 85.0~145.0 320.0~355.0 360.0~440.0 615.0~725.0 3 53 76.5±2.0 224.5±3.2 138.5±3.1 136.5±3.4 120.9±6.0 355.1±8.9 392.5±11.1 951.6±21.1 73.0~80.0 217.0~231.0 133.0~146.0 131.0~143.0 100.0~130.0 330.0~370.0 365.0~415.0 905.0~1000.0 4 55 102.0±5.6 195.3±6.6 123.5±6.7 124.7±6.4 136.0±10.3 356.4±18.7 414.5±23.6 915.8±25.2 85.0~111.0 181.0~208.0 102.0~138.0 105.0~135.0 120.0~190.0 335.0~435.0 365.0~500.0 875.0~1005.0 5 66 69.4±7.4 233.3±4.7 111.5±5.2 112.0±5.6 123.8±7.4 315.1±13.0 359.7±13.2 642.7±14.7 56.0~87.0 221.0~240.0 100.0~123.0 100.0~125.0 110.0~165.0 285.0~360.0 330.0~410.0 610.0~710.0 6 53 82.5±6.0 240.1±1.3 111.7±10.9 116.9±10.6 104.4±11.5 336.5±8.6 387.7±10.6 802.4±18.3 71.0~104.0 238.0~249.0 63.0~155.0 73.0~159.0 85.0~140.0 325.0~375.0 370.0~420.0 730.0~870.0 7 87 81.3±8.5 220.3±12.9 98.2±8.1 101.8±8.0 125.3±5.6 322.4±9.6 385.2±12.8 583.7±8.7 62.0~98.0 194.0~240.0 81.0~113.0 85.0~121.0 105.0~135.0 295.0~345.0 355.0~420.0 565.0~600.0 8 65 60.9±8.8 230.3±10.6 103.4±9.7 106.7±9.0 128.3±6.2 349.7±15.8 432.7±17.8 694.0±23.2 36.0~78.0 208.0~241.0 62.0~119.0 69.0~122.0 105.0~140.0 325.0~420.0 390.0~490.0 650.0~750.0 9 24 93.0±12.5 213.0±12.0 113.3±11.9 120.0±11.0 122.3±5.5 309.8±7.0 390.4±11.2 574.6±8.6 82.0~124.0 195.0~240.0 96.0~142.0 107.0~148.0 115.0~135.0 300.0~325.0 360.0~410.0 560.0~590.0 10 70 88.2±5.2 227.6±6.0 79.1±5.0 90.5±5.4 147.1±6.2 431.4±11.9 577.4±25.2 712.6±10.8 73.0~101.0 214.0~240.0 70.0~93.0 77.0~106.0 125.0~160.0 410.0~475.0 510.0~620.0 685.0~730.0 11 66 74.4±3.7 218.1±3.8 123.2±3.5 123.6±3.6 122.3±3.5 349.2±9.0 401.7±8.5 768.3±23.5 54.0~79.0 204.0~225.0 109.0~129.0 111.0~130.0 115.0~130.0 335.0~370.0 370.0~415.0 725.0~815.0 12 55 78.2±2.3 219.6±3.8 128.9±2.4 123.7±2.2 142.5±4.5 377.5±9.5 430.2±10.5 907.5±12.8 74.0~85.0 212.0~228.0 124.0~134.0 120.0~128.0 135.0~155.0 360.0~400.0 400.0~460.0 865.0~935.0 13 61 84.5±5.1 224.6±4.1 117.6±4.2 118.3±4.9 110.9±4.0 358.4±17.3 417.3±19.7 821.8±59.4 75.0~100.0 218.0~236.0 108.0~125.0 109.0~128.0 100.0~120.0 325.0~415.0 360.0~460.0 730.0~1005.0 14 79 83.9±4.3 233.4±6.4 88.6±4.8 100.8±4.0 118.8±4.3 333.9±6.5 459.9±12.5 633.7±14.1 74.0~92.0 220.0~240.0 77.0~97.0 92.0~108.0 105.0~125.0 315.0~350.0 430.0~490.0 610.0~660.0 15 64 77.8±4.5 221.0±7.6 115.4±3.4 114.0±4.1 128.8±5.9 376.4±11.2 427.5±12.3 791.6±37.8 67.0~86.0 212.0~238.0 109.0~122.0 104.0~123.0 115.0~140.0 350.0~400.0 395.0~455.0 740.0~900.0 16 64 92.1±3.4 236.5±4.3 113.8±3.6 114.0±3.5 138.8±7.0 314.1±10.3 367.0±16.4 793.0±21.2 86.0~99.0 228.0~240.0 107.0~120.0 108.0~121.0 125.0~150.0 295.0~340.0 335.0~415.0 765.0~835.0 All patients 998 81.4±11.0*$ 224.9±11.4 *#$ 110.9±15.0 *$ 114.0±11.3$ 125.9±11.1 * 347.6±30.0$ 415.3±50.2 753.8±114.7#$60.9~102.0 195.3~240.3 79.1~138.5 90.5~136.5 104.4~147.1 309.8~431.4 359.7~577.4 574.6~951.6
與靜息相比,運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 的YB、YPL、YP2、TPL、TE、TE-TPL、(TE-TPL)/TPL 減 小, YP1、ΔYP1、脈率、S1、S2、ΔYP2-ΔYPL、 TP2-TPL 增大(P均<0.05)。與正常人相比,長期慢病患者的脈率、S2、ΔYP2-ΔYPL、 TP2-TPL 較 小,TP1、ΔYPL 較大(P均<0.05);而與新確診患者相比, YP1、TE和ΔYP1 均較大,脈率較?。≒均<0.05,表4)。
Tab. 4 The main observation index information and individualized response of long-term chronic disease patients 20 minutes after exercise (±s, min ~ max)
Tab. 4 The main observation index information and individualized response of long-term chronic disease patients 20 minutes after exercise (±s, min ~ max)
*P<0.05 vs normal people; #P<0.05 vs newly diagnosed chronic disease patients; $P<0.05 vs resting value
Number The number of 50 s pulse wave YB YP1 YPL YP2 TP1 TPL TP2 TE 1 66 95.9±4.5 210.1±7.0 111.8±5.5 118.1±4.3 122.0±4.5 333.5±14.6 402.7±12.3 768.9±17.7 83.0~105.0 190.0~220.0 93.0~119.0 104.0~126.0 115.0~130.0 305.0~355.0 375.0~450.0 730.0~805.0 2 69 95.3±8.0 198.5±9.0 114.1±9.0 120.1±8.9 112.9±7.2 328.1±13.5 395.5±21.9 732.5±17.1 80.0~118.0 178.0~226.0 98.0~136.0 103.0~143.0 90.0~140.0 295.0~365.0 360.0~480.0 690.0~770.0 3 52 81.5±1.8 224.1±2.2 136.9±2.0 137.8±2.1 114.8±5.7 351.6±11.0 387.8±10.4 963.9±17.2 78.0~86.0 220.0~230.0 132.0~142.0 132.0~142.0 105.0~130.0 320.0~375.0 365.0~405.0 910.0~1005.0 4 54 88.8±9.9 240.8±7.0 107.8±7.5 111.7±5.7 142.4±22.4 371.2±15.7 437.0±16.8 923.2±32.3 66.0~103.0 211.0~249.0 88.0~124.0 92.0~124.0 110.0~195.0 345.0~425.0 410.0~475.0 860.0~975.0 5 15 65.9±8.7 243.5±5.5 101.0±13.4 106.7±10.6 150.3±18.1 344.3±15.9 400.0±22.4 681.3±21.3 53.0~86.0 238.0~250.0 86.0~131.0 94.0~131.0 120.0~190.0 330.0~375.0 360.0~435.0 640.0~725.0 6 59 87.7±9.6 237.4±5.6 111.1±10.7 117.4±9.0 105.0±7.9 333.5±8.1 389.8±16.3 832.2±14.4 63.0~119.0 212.0~249.0 53.0~141.0 77.0~149.0 85.0~125.0 305.0~350.0 355.0~440.0 800.0~870.0 7 61 54.2±12.0 240.1±6.4 89.1±10.6 100.3±9.2 134.8±9.4 331.1±8.8 416.1±13.3 613.6±7.6 37.0~72.0 226.0~250.0 61.0~104.0 74.0~114.0 120.0~160.0 315.0~355.0 385.0~445.0 600.0~625.0 8 50 81.4±13.9 229.3±15.5 106.2±14.4 112.2±13.7 130.5±5.8 345.5±20.8 420.0±33.8 711.7±23.1 55.0~114.0 185.0~241.0 79.0~142.0 86.0~144.0 115.0~145.0 315.0~425.0 370.0~555.0 665.0~765.0 9 70 86.6±4.6 197.4±6.0 110.1±5.2 119.3±4.4 126.8±6.1 314.8±8.0 394.0±9.5 621.4±12.6 71.0~96.0 177.0~206.0 89.0~121.0 103.0~128.0 115.0~145.0 295.0~330.7 370.0~420.0 590.0~655.0 10 65 83.6±8.8 239.9±1.8 73.7±9.4 98.4±8.4 134.8±14.9 392.6±12.7 550.5±12.3 774.1±16.6 56.0~100.0 234.0~252.0 47.0~90.0 73.0~114.0 110.0~180.0 370.0~450.0 525.0~580.0 740.0~815.0 11 61 69.5±2.7 235.7±2.7 128.2±2.8 127.0±2.9 123.3±5.2 358.2±8.7 401.5±9.8 826.7±31.6 62.0~76.0 230.0~240.0 121.0~134.0 120.0~133.0 115.0~135.0 335.0~375.0 385.0~425.0 745.0~880.0 12 55 79.8±6.6 196.8±4.2 134.6±5.0 128.8±4.7 142.2±6.3 372.4±9.6 427.1±10.5 912.3±11.4 46.0~88.0 175.0~202.0 110.0~142.0 105.0~135.0 130.0~155.0 345.0~395.0 405.0~450.0 890.0~940.0 13 57 86.2±3.3 225.0±7.7 123.3±6.1 124.8±5.8 104.0±3.2 348.9±10.4 395.8±13.2 876.9±91.7 75.0~91.0 204.0~239.0 105.0~131.0 107.0~133.0 100.0~110.0 330.0~370.0 370.0~425.0 655.0~1020.0 14 64 82.1±3.9 233.3±6.4 98.4±4.5 108.9±3.4 119.2±4.0 333.0±7.6 425.4±15.1 699.1±20.1 72.0~90.0 216.0~240.0 88.0~106.0 100.0~117.0 110.0~125.0 310.0~345.0 385.0~455.0 660.0~735.0 15 61 82.1±4.4 198.1±5.3 125.7±4.2 120.9±3.9 138.2±6.1 381.3±14.9 435.5±14.5 817.0±21.0 66.0~101.0 182.0~213.0 112.0~138.0 109.0~138.0 125.0~155.0 355.0~420.0 405.0~465.0 775.0~865.0 16 59 93.6±5.1 233.4±5.7 114.7±5.4 119.5±5.1 135.3±6.0 302.5±8.8 363.6±13.7 817.3±24.4 84.0~106.0 222.0~240.0 104.0~126.0 108.0~128.0 115.0~150.0 290.0~330.0 330.0~400.0 785.0~875.0 All patients 918 82.1±11.0$ 224.0±17.6#$ 111.7±16.5 $ 117.0±10.4 $ 127.3±13.7* 346.4±24.3 $ 415.1±41.1 785.8±104.7 #$54.2~95.9 196.8~243.5 73.7~136.9 98.4~137.8 104.0~150.3 302.5~392.6 363.6~550.5 613.6~963.9
運(yùn)動(dòng)后30 min,與靜息值相比,YPL、TPL、TE 、TE-TPL 減 小, 脈 率、ΔYP2-ΔYPL、 TP2-TPL、S2 增大(P均<0.05)。與正常人相比,長期慢病患者的脈率、TP2-TPL 較小,ΔYPL 較大(P均<0.05);而TE、TE-TPL 較新確診患者大,脈率較?。≒均<0.05,表5)。
Tab. 5 The main observation index information and individualized response of long-term chronic disease patients 30 minutes after exercise (±s, min ~ max)
Tab. 5 The main observation index information and individualized response of long-term chronic disease patients 30 minutes after exercise (±s, min ~ max)
#P<0.05 vs newly diagnosed chronic disease patients; $P<0.05 vs resting value
Number The number of 50 s pulse wave YB YP1 YPL YP2 TP1 TPL TP2 TE 1 55 100.0±6.9 207.9±7.6 116.3±6.5 122.2±6.2 114.4±4.3 327.0±11.1 392.8±14.5 838.0±25.6 75.0~111.0 183.0~220.0 101.0~126.0 106.0~133.0 105.0~120.0 300.0~350.0 365.0~470.0 790.0~890.0 2 65 95.3±16.9 179.0±56.4 102.7±23.6 172.6±55.0 94.0±31.5 383.2±66.9 465.7±95.4 769.4±61.3 66.0~136.0 98.0~240.0 64.0~226.0 103.0~240.0 35.0~200.0 110.0~495.0 115.0~610.0 340.0~870.0 3 51 87.9±1.5 212.3±2.3 135.1±1.9 137.0±1.9 110.7±4.4 347.9±8.3 385.7±10.6 972.6±16.5 84.0~91.0 207.0~217.0 130.0~138.0 132.0~141.0 105.0~120.0 330.0~365.0 365.0~410.0 930.0~1005.0 4 51 90.7±7.5 238.7±4.7 111.6±5.6 112.5±5.4 139.5±19.7 376.9±14.2 428.3±15.2 940.1±28.4 70.0~104.0 225.0~249.0 100.0~129.0 102.0~130.0 110.0~195.0 330.0~420.0 385.0~460.0 895.0~990.0 5 27 80.0±12.0 231.5±9.2 110.3±11.2 107.1±11.4 176.3±28.6 359.1±26.2 406.5±27.9 723.5±39.3 53.0~103.0 211.0~240.0 89.0~137.0 88.0~128.0 135.0~225.0 325.0~405.0 365.0~465.0 650.0~800.0 6 54 89.6±6.6 239.4±3.2 110.9±6.1 119.1±6.4 101.1±7.2 334.3±5.0 395.3±7.9 846.0±16.6 62.0~109.0 217.0~240.0 91.0~126.0 94.0~131.0 90.0~120.0 325.0~345.0 380.0~415.0 785.0~875.0 7 71 62.3±9.4 238.5±5.7 90.3±10.0 106.1±8.4 135.2±12.8 320.1±6.6 411.3±11.1 631.5±8.5 43.0~91.0 221.0~247.0 61.0~115.0 84.0~134.0 115.0~160.0 305.0~335.0 380.0~440.0 615.0~645.0 8 61 68.7±9.2 227.8±12.4 112.1±9.2 115.4±9.3 127.5±5.7 346.1±17.8 411.2±26.7 717.8±39.2 49.0~89.0 196.0~241.0 82.0~145.0 95.0~149.0 115.0~140.0 320.0~395.0 345.0~460.0 665.0~820.0 9 77 91.2±2.7 184.9±2.5 119.9±2.2 124.2±2.4 119.3±4.1 306.3±5.9 372.3±11.0 658.6±10.2 85.0~97.0 179.0~191.0 115.0~126.0 118.0~131.0 110.0~125.0 290.0~320.0 355.0~410.0 635.0~685.0 10 63 85.0±6.9 238.9±3.4 80.5±6.1 103.0±6.1 133.6±12.5 391.3±8.6 546.8±12.3 800.9±16.7 58.0~100.0 216.0~240.0 69.0~97.0 94.0~121.0 115.0~160.0 370.0~410.0 520.0~575.0 770.0~855.0 11 53 78.6±3.6 211.1±3.9 129.8±4.0 127.4±3.5 120.6±4.5 374.3±10.9 422.3±11.2 872.3±33.4 64.0~84.0 203.0~219.0 113.0~138.0 113.0~133.0 115.0~130.0 355.0~395.0 395.0~445.0 805.0~960.0 12 53 75.5±3.6 216.9±3.5 132.6±2.8 125.0±2.3 167.0±7.7 384.2±12.2 437.9±12.8 942.5±13.2 56.0~82.0 210.0~231.0 126.0~139.0 120.0~130.0 150.0~185.0 360.0~415.0 410.0~465.0 900.0~965.0 13 55 76.7±9.1 229.3±7.8 126.8±8.1 125.7±7.9 112.5±6.2 359.4±11.5 416.1±21.8 898.3±44.5 37.0~85.0 196.0~240.0 82.0~139.0 82.0~139.0 95.0~135.0 335.0~380.0 370.0~475.0 820.0~1025.0 14 61 87.7±2.2 224.9±3.9 104.6±2.9 115.6±2.4 118.9±4.0 333.9±7.4 434.5±10.0 750.4±28.0 82.0~92.0 212.0~232.0 98.0~109.0 109.0~120.0 110.0~130.0 320.0~355.0 405.0~460.0 665.0~790.0 15 24 83.9±8.6 203.7±11.1 119.4±8.6 118.5±7.9 130.4±5.9 387.5±11.6 435.2±19.2 794.4±18.8 58.0~98.0 168.0~221.0 102.0~135.0 103.0~135.0 120.0~145.0 365.0~420.0 410.0~500.0 760.0~840.0 16 62 92.8±3.0 227.9±4.9 116.8±2.9 121.0±2.7 131.4±5.1 296.8±7.8 353.7±11.2 807.2±24.8 83.0~100.0 217.0~234.0 110.0~122.0 114.0~126.0 120.0~145.0 270.0~315.0 330.0~385.0 765.0~850.0 All patients 883 84.1±10.0 219.5±18.7 113.7±14.6$ 122.0±16.1 127.0±21.4 351.8±30.0$ 419.7±43.6 810.2±100.3#$62.3~100.0 179.0~239.4 80.5~135.1 103.0~172.6 94.0~176.3 296.8~391.3 353.7~546.8 631.5~972.6
長期慢病患者的ΔYP1 在運(yùn)動(dòng)后較靜息明顯增大,但從10 min 后開始向靜息水平恢復(fù),至30 min 時(shí)仍較大;ΔYPL 運(yùn)動(dòng)后減小并能維持30 min;ΔYP2從運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 開始增大;TE-TPL 運(yùn)動(dòng)后顯著減小,從10 min 后開始回升;(TE-TPL)/TPL 與TE-TPL變化一致;運(yùn)動(dòng)后脈率加快,10 min 時(shí)最快,此后有所降低;S1 運(yùn)動(dòng)后增大且10 min 時(shí)最大,而S2 運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 開始增大;ΔYP2-ΔYPL 和TP2-TPL 運(yùn)動(dòng)后持續(xù)增大且能維持30 min(表6)。
Tab.6 Analysis of secondary observation index information of radial artery pulse wave before and after exercise(x ± s, min ~ max)
從整體上看,長期慢病患者的主要觀察指標(biāo)YB、YPL 和YP2 在運(yùn)動(dòng)后先降低,10 min 后開始升高,且能持續(xù)到運(yùn)動(dòng)后30 min;而 YP1 運(yùn)動(dòng)后升高,10 min 后開始下降,至30 min 仍維持下降趨勢;TP1 和TE 運(yùn)動(dòng)后下降,10 min 后開始稍有回升;TPL 在運(yùn)動(dòng)后30 min 內(nèi)持續(xù)降低;TP2 運(yùn)動(dòng)后下降,在30 min 時(shí)略有升高。經(jīng)個(gè)體化分析,大部分患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后各指標(biāo)變化趨勢同上,但也存在個(gè)體化差異,例如:7 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后YB 下降幅度尤其明顯,在30 min 時(shí)又開始回升;2 號患者的YP2 運(yùn)動(dòng)后變化趨勢和整體類似,但30 min 時(shí)上升尤為顯著;12 號患者的TP1 運(yùn)動(dòng)后不降反升;10 號患者的TPL 和TP2 在運(yùn)動(dòng)后反而先出現(xiàn)升高趨勢后再下降(主要觀察指標(biāo)的個(gè)體化分析詳見圖1)。
Fig.1 Individualized response trend of radial artery pulse wave characteristic points before and after exercise in patients with longterm chronic diseases. On the whole, YB, YPL, and YP2 of patients with long-term chronic diseases decreased first after exercise,and begin to increase after 10 minutes, and can continue to 30 minutes after exercise; while YP1 increase after exercise, and began to decrease after 10 minutes, the downward trend remained at 30 minutes; TP1 and TE declined after exercise, and began to rise slightly after 10 minutes; TPL continued to decrease within 30 minutes after exercise; TP2 declined after exercise, and slightly increased at 30 minutes. After individualized analysis, most patients have the same trend of each index after exercise, but there were also individualized differences. For example, the decline YB of patient No. 7 was particularly obvious after exercise, and it started to rise again at 30 minutes; YP2 of patient No. 2 after exercise, the change trend of which was similar to the whole, but the increase was particularly significant at 30 minutes; the TP1 of patient 12 did not fall but rised after exercise; the TPL and TP2 of patient 10 increased first after exercise and then decreased
2.2.3 運(yùn)動(dòng)前后波峰明顯的重搏波出現(xiàn)率的比較
靜息狀態(tài)下,16 例長期慢病患者波峰明顯的重搏波出現(xiàn)率為28.6%,顯著低于正常人(94.5%)和新確診慢病患者(50.3%);運(yùn)動(dòng)后10 min(65.7%)、20 min(77.1%)、30 min(73.7%)的出現(xiàn)率明顯提高(P均<0.01),與新確診患者接近,但仍比同時(shí)刻正常人的低。其中,第1、2、6、7、14 和16 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后波峰明顯的重搏波出現(xiàn)率顯著升高(能達(dá)到100%),并且能持續(xù)到30 min;第4、5 和8 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后10 min 出現(xiàn)率上升明顯,但未達(dá)到100%,運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 出現(xiàn)率便開始下降;第3 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 出現(xiàn)率才開始升高,且能持續(xù)到30 min;第10和11 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后10 min 出現(xiàn)率升高,但不能維持,隨即下降;而第13 號患者類似,運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 出現(xiàn)率短暫升高后下降;第9 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后反而出現(xiàn)下降的情況,20 min 時(shí)開始回升;第12 和15 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后出現(xiàn)率不升,仍然處于低值,運(yùn)動(dòng)后30 min 稍有升高(表7,圖2)。
Tab.7 Individualized response trend of the occurrence rate of dicrotic waves with obvious peaks before and after exercise in patients with long-term chronic diseases (%, n)
Fig.2 The individualized response pattern of the occurrence rate of dicrotic waves with obvious peaks before and after exercise for each patient. The appearance rate of dicrotic waves with obvious peaks after exercise was significantly increased(up to 100%) and lasted up to 30 minutes in 6 patients; the appearance rate of 3 patients increased significantly at 10 minutes after exercise, but did not reach 100%, and 20 minutes after exercise ,the rate began to decrease; the appearance rate of one patient only started to increase 20 minutes after exercise, and it could last up to 30 minutes; the appearance rate of 2 patients increased at 10 minutes after exercise, but it could not be maintained, and then decreased; the appearance rate of one patient increased for a short period of time into 20 minutes after exercise and then decreased. 1 patient showed a decrease after exercise, and started to rise at 20 minutes; 2 patients did not increase after exercise, and remained at a low value, but increased slightly after 30 minutes of exercise
研究表明:主波波峰高度反映左心室的射血功能和大動(dòng)脈的順應(yīng)性;重搏波波谷與主波幅度比值可反映外周阻力高低,而重搏波波峰與主波幅度比值反映動(dòng)脈順應(yīng)性與主動(dòng)脈瓣功能[25,26]。當(dāng)外周阻力較低、血管壁彈性較好時(shí),脈搏波表現(xiàn)為主波高而窄,重搏波明顯;隨著外周阻力增大、血管壁硬化程度加重,重搏波相對主波位置抬高,甚至融合,不易區(qū)分[27]。外周阻力越大,重搏波波谷越高;大動(dòng)脈順應(yīng)性越差或主動(dòng)脈瓣硬化、閉鎖不全時(shí),重搏波波峰降低[28,29]。靜息狀態(tài)下,長期慢病患者的橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波顯著異于正常波形,其上升支平緩,主波波峰較低,重搏波波峰低、幅度小、時(shí)長短,多數(shù)慢病患者重搏波消失。說明長期慢病患者的左心室射血功能減退,外周阻力高,血管彈性下降。與新確診慢病患者相比,長期慢病患者的YPL 較大、ΔYP2-ΔYPL 較小,即長期患者的重搏波更加不明顯。即使是血壓、血糖、血脂仍維持在正常范圍內(nèi)的新發(fā)患者,其脈搏波波形及特征點(diǎn)信息早已發(fā)生改變,重搏波開始變得平坦不突出[18],隨著疾病進(jìn)展,重搏波繼續(xù)變?nèi)?、甚至消失?/p>
單次個(gè)體化精準(zhǔn)功率運(yùn)動(dòng)后,長期慢病患者的脈率加快、心動(dòng)周期縮短,脈搏波上升支變陡,主波波峰升高,重搏波位置下移、波峰增高、幅度與時(shí)長增大,脈搏波趨于正常波形。多數(shù)觀察指標(biāo)從運(yùn)動(dòng)后10 min 開始向靜息水平恢復(fù),直到30 min 時(shí),脈搏波波形仍比靜息時(shí)好,但運(yùn)動(dòng)后各時(shí)間段的波形還遠(yuǎn)不及正常波形。運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅使患者的每搏量和心率發(fā)生改變,影響血壓水平;同時(shí)產(chǎn)生大量血管活性物質(zhì),起到改善血管彈性的作用;另一方面,運(yùn)動(dòng)也能調(diào)節(jié)糖、脂代謝,影響血液黏度、血流速度等血流動(dòng)力學(xué),而這些改變都能通過脈搏波反映出來[30]。因此,單次運(yùn)動(dòng)對長期慢病患者是具有一定療效的,并且這種效果能維持30 min 以上,提示我們進(jìn)一步探究長期運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)化管控對慢病患者的治療效果。運(yùn)動(dòng)后長期患者與新確診患者相比, YP1、TE 較大、脈率較小,提示新發(fā)患者可能主要依靠提升心率來增加心排血量,但對于長期患者來說,很可能服用了β 受體阻滯劑類藥物,而限制了心率的反應(yīng),所以每搏量稍大。
整體整合生理學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)新理論體系[2-5]認(rèn)為人是獨(dú)立的整體,在臨床上應(yīng)該足夠重視個(gè)體化情況。本研究中,從整體上看,單次運(yùn)動(dòng)對長期慢病患者的脈搏波影響是顯著的,以波峰明顯的重搏波出現(xiàn)率為例,運(yùn)動(dòng)后整體水平提高顯著,但從個(gè)體的角度分析,第12 和15 號患者運(yùn)動(dòng)后出現(xiàn)率一直不升,30 min 時(shí)才稍有提高,說明單次運(yùn)動(dòng)對這兩位患者的療效有限,這就需要我們進(jìn)一步探究,找到最適合這兩位患者的治療方法。16 例患者中有6 例運(yùn)動(dòng)后出現(xiàn)率上升顯著,能達(dá)到100%,并可維持30 min 以上,但不是所有患者均是這樣的反應(yīng)模式,有的患者升高幅度較小,有的運(yùn)動(dòng)后20 min 才開始升高,還有的短暫升高后立即下降。這些都提示我們在整體分析的基礎(chǔ)上需要關(guān)注個(gè)體化反應(yīng)。
綜上所述:長期慢病患者的橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波波形較矮小,重搏波不明顯甚至消失,單次精準(zhǔn)功率運(yùn)動(dòng)后,主波增高,重搏波位置降低且增大;值得注意的是,不是所有長期慢病患者的反應(yīng)都如此,需要個(gè)體化分析不同患者的情況。
本研究的樣本量太小,后期需要擴(kuò)大樣本量,以驗(yàn)證單次個(gè)體化精準(zhǔn)功率運(yùn)動(dòng)對長期慢病患者橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波的影響;由于技術(shù)限制,本研究使用的是單點(diǎn)脈搏波傳感器,為保證重復(fù)性,需要在放置傳感器處做標(biāo)記,后續(xù)我們擬用三排三列高保真?zhèn)鞲衅鞑杉}搏波,可精簡測量步驟;有待進(jìn)一步探究長期的運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)化管控對長期慢病患者的脈搏波影響以及該影響持續(xù)的時(shí)間。