金敏 陳平鈺 李洪超 馬愛(ài)霞
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) R978.7 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1001-0408(2021)10-1262-10
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.10.18
摘 要 目的:比較格卡瑞韋(GLE)/哌侖他韋(PIB)、來(lái)迪派韋(LDV)/索磷布韋(SOF)、SOF/維帕他韋(VEL)、艾爾巴韋(EBR)/格拉瑞韋(GZR)復(fù)合制劑和達(dá)諾瑞韋(DNV)+聚乙二醇干擾素聯(lián)合利巴韋林(P/R)等5種直接抗病毒藥物方案治療慢性丙型病毒性肝炎的有效性與安全性。方法:計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane圖書(shū)館、Web of Science、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、維普網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),檢索時(shí)間均為建庫(kù)起至2020年6月,收集5種直接抗病毒藥物方案治療慢性丙型病毒性肝炎的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT)。篩選文獻(xiàn)、提取數(shù)據(jù)后,采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)員手冊(cè)5.1.0推薦的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),采用Stata 15.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。結(jié)果:共納入48項(xiàng)RCT,試驗(yàn)組患者共計(jì)12 227例。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,獲得持續(xù)病毒學(xué)應(yīng)答(SVR)率由高到低依次為GLE/PIB>LDV/SOF>SOF/VEL>EBR/GZR>DNV+P/R,其中GLE/PIB、LDV/SOF、SOF/VEL、EBR/GZR的加權(quán)SVR率均在95%以上。任何嚴(yán)重的不良事件發(fā)生率、任何不良事件發(fā)生率由低到高依次均為EBR/GZR 關(guān)鍵詞 慢性丙型病毒性肝炎;直接抗病毒藥物;有效性;安全性;Meta分析 Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of 5 Direct Antiviral Agents in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection JIN Min1,CHEN Pingyu1,2,LI Hongchao1,2,MA Aixia1,2(1. School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; 2. Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China) ABSTRACT? ?OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 5 direct antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection as glecaprevir (GLE)/pibrentasvir (PIB), ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF), SOF/velpatasvir (VEL), elbasvir (EBR)/grazoprevir (GZR) compound preparation and danoprevir (DNV)+peginterferon combined with ribavirin (P/R). METHODS: Retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database and other databases, RCTs about 5 direct antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection were collected during the inception to Jun. 2020. After literature screening and data extraction, the quality of included literatures were evaluated with bias risk evaluation tool recommended by Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 48 RCTs with 12 227 patients in trial group were included. Results of Meta-analysis showed that the descending order of sustained virological response (SVR) rate was GLE/PIB>LDV/SOF>SOF/VEL>EBR/GZR>DNV+P/R; weighted SVR rates of GLE/PIB, LDV/SOF, SOF/VEL and EBR/GZ were more than 95%. The incidence of any severe adverse event and adverse event in ascending order was EBR/GZR
KEYWORDS? ?Chronic hepatitis C infection; Direct antiviral agent; Efficacy; Safety; Meta-analysis
丙型病毒性肝炎是由丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染引起的傳染病,普通人群感染HCV后可能發(fā)展為慢性丙型病毒性肝炎(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“慢性丙肝”)[1]。2015年,全球約有7 100萬(wàn)人感染HCV,且每年的新增病例約300萬(wàn)[2]。HCV可分為6種基因分型,我國(guó)的慢性丙肝類(lèi)型包含HCV1、HCV2、HCV3和HCV6型,且以HCV1b型感染居多[3-4]?;诼员我鸬牟涣己蠊捌鋫魅拘詫?duì)公共衛(wèi)生的巨大威脅,同時(shí)基于直接抗病毒藥物(DAAs)顯著的療效,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)提出了“2030丙肝消除計(jì)劃”,旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)2030年消除病毒性肝炎對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生威脅這一目標(biāo)[1,5]。慢性丙肝的抗病毒治療以患者獲得持續(xù)病毒學(xué)應(yīng)答(SVR)為目標(biāo),且經(jīng)治療后獲得SVR的患者視為達(dá)到病毒學(xué)治愈的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1]。
傳統(tǒng)的慢性丙肝治療方案為聚乙二醇干擾素聯(lián)合利巴韋林(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“P/R”),雖然該方案的價(jià)格較低,但患者的SVR率也較低[6]。2010年后,安全高效的DAAs成為慢性丙肝的主要推薦治療方案,主要包括來(lái)迪派韋(LDV)/索磷布韋(SOF)、SOF/維帕他韋(VEL)、格卡瑞韋(GLE)/哌侖他韋(PIB)、艾爾巴韋(EBR)/格拉瑞韋(GZR)的復(fù)合制劑以及達(dá)諾瑞韋(DNV)聯(lián)合P/R方案[1]。同時(shí),上述藥物也是我國(guó)醫(yī)保支付重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的藥物。這些DAAs主要靶向HCV的非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白,抑制HCV RNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄,從而發(fā)揮治療HCV感染的作用[7]。根據(jù)作用靶蛋白的不同,DAAs分為NS3/4A蛋白酶抑制劑(如GLE、GZR)、NS5B抑制劑(如SOF)和NS5A抑制劑(如PIB、LDV、VEL、EBR、DNV)[7]。經(jīng)DAAs治療后,患者的SVR率較傳統(tǒng)P/R方案有所提高,同時(shí)藥物相互作用和不良事件也較少[1]。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外已有關(guān)于DAAs治療慢性丙肝的研究,但這些研究多數(shù)為單一用藥方案,且結(jié)論尚未統(tǒng)一[8-55]。同時(shí),由于DAAs藥物眾多、療效接近,尚無(wú)針對(duì)多種DAAs治療不同基因型、治療史及肝硬化狀態(tài)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)?;诖?,本研究采用Meta分析的方法比較了GLE/PIB、LDV/SOF、SOF/VEL、EBR/GZR復(fù)合制劑和DNV+P/R等5種直接抗病毒藥物方案治療慢性丙肝的有效性與安全性,旨在為臨床用藥提供循證參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
根據(jù)PICOS(P表示研究對(duì)象,I表示干預(yù)措施,C表示對(duì)照措施,O表示干預(yù)措施的診療效果,S表示研究設(shè)計(jì)方案)原則[56]設(shè)定本研究文獻(xiàn)的納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.1.1 研究類(lèi)型 國(guó)內(nèi)外公開(kāi)發(fā)表的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT);語(yǔ)種限定為中文和英文。
1.1.2 研究對(duì)象 年齡≥18歲;HCV感染超過(guò) 6 個(gè)月或感染日期不明;抗HCV 及 HCV RNA陽(yáng)性,即HCV RNA載量≥1×104 IU/mL,肝臟組織病理學(xué)檢查符合《丙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版)》中的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1];HCV基因型和肝硬化狀態(tài)不限。
1.1.3 干預(yù)措施 試驗(yàn)組以GLE/PIB、LDV/SOF、SOF/VEL、EBR/GZR復(fù)合制劑和DNV+P/R方案等為干預(yù)措施,劑量和用法用量不限。本研究未具體限定對(duì)照組的干預(yù)措施,其措施包括安慰劑、延遲治療或其他等。
1.1.4 結(jié)局指標(biāo) 有效性指標(biāo):①SVR率。安全性指標(biāo):②任何嚴(yán)重的不良事件,③任何不良事件以及經(jīng)調(diào)研后認(rèn)為需要處理的不良反應(yīng)(包括④惡心/嘔吐、⑤皮疹、⑥失眠)。SVR率=SVR的患者例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%[1]。
1.1.5 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①未報(bào)告所需結(jié)局指標(biāo)的文獻(xiàn);②病例報(bào)告和觀(guān)察性研究;③摘要;④綜述;⑤描述性報(bào)告和述評(píng);⑥重復(fù)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn);⑦會(huì)議論文。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略
計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane圖書(shū)館、Web of Science、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、維普網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。英文檢索詞為“HCV”“Hepatitis? C”“Ledipasvir”“Sofosbuvir”“Velpatasvir”“Glecaprevir”“Pibrentasvir”“Elbasvir”“Grazoprevir”“Danoprevir”;中文檢索詞為“丙型肝炎”“丙肝”“來(lái)迪派韋”“索磷布韋”“維帕他韋”“格卡瑞韋” “哌侖他韋”“艾爾巴韋”“格拉瑞韋”“達(dá)諾瑞韋”等,采用主題詞與檢索詞結(jié)合的檢索方式。檢索時(shí)限均為各數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建庫(kù)起至2020年6月。同時(shí)向各藥企咨詢(xún),由藥企醫(yī)學(xué)部提供其他途徑的補(bǔ)充文獻(xiàn)。
1.3 文獻(xiàn)篩選與資料提取
由兩名研究者根據(jù)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)立篩選文獻(xiàn)、提取資料并交叉核對(duì);如遇分歧,則由第3名研究者協(xié)助判斷。根據(jù)事先設(shè)計(jì)好的數(shù)據(jù)提取表格提取相關(guān)信息,包括第一作者及發(fā)表年份、例數(shù)、性別、年齡、干預(yù)措施和結(jié)局指標(biāo)等。
1.4 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)員手冊(cè)5.1.0推薦的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),包括隨機(jī)方法、分配隱藏、對(duì)受試者和研究者施盲、結(jié)局評(píng)估的盲法、結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)完整性、選擇性報(bào)告結(jié)果和其他偏倚來(lái)源,每個(gè)方面均分為低偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、不清楚和高偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[57]。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用Stata 15.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。對(duì)于不同干預(yù)措施的有效性指標(biāo),計(jì)算其合并的加權(quán)SVR率、加權(quán)不良事件發(fā)生率和相應(yīng)的效應(yīng)量(ES)及95%置信區(qū)間(CI);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)度(RR)及其95%CI表示;計(jì)量資料則采用加權(quán)均數(shù)差(WMD)及其95%CI表示;連續(xù)型變量的結(jié)局指標(biāo)采用WMD進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)合并。各研究間異質(zhì)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn)和I 2檢驗(yàn),若各研究間無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)異質(zhì)性(P>0.1,I 2≤50%),采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析;反之,則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。采用倒漏斗圖進(jìn)行發(fā)表偏倚分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果與納入研究基本信息
初檢各數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)共獲得相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)8 465篇,其他途徑獲得文獻(xiàn)4篇。經(jīng)閱讀標(biāo)題、摘要及全文后,最終納入文獻(xiàn)48篇[8-55],試驗(yàn)組患者共計(jì)12 227例。其中,GLE/PIB有8篇[11,15,27,45-46,51,53-54]、LDV/SOF有15篇[8-10,14,24,26,31-32,37,39-40,42-43,47,50]、SOF/VEL有9篇[12,16,18-20,22,29,43-44]、EBR/GZR有12篇[13,17,23,28,34-36,38,48-49,52,55]、DNV+P/R有5篇[21,25,30,33,41]。文獻(xiàn)篩選流程見(jiàn)圖1;納入研究基本信息(試驗(yàn)組)見(jiàn)表1(表中,除明確說(shuō)明用藥頻次外,其余用藥頻次均為每天1次;RBV表示利巴韋林,若無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,其劑量為按患者體質(zhì)量給藥,即<75 kg者每天1 000 mg,≥75 kg者每天1 200 mg;RTV表示利托那韋;GLE/PIB、LDV/SOF、SOF/VEL、EBR/GZR、RTV均為片劑,口服給藥;P/R為注射劑,靜脈注射給藥,由于本研究對(duì)照組的干預(yù)措施未作具體限定,故表中未列出對(duì)照組信息)。
2.2 納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果
36項(xiàng)研究提及隨機(jī)序列產(chǎn)生的方法[9-10,12,14-15,17,19,21,23-29,31-42,44-46,48-52,54],19項(xiàng)研究采用分配隱藏[12-13,17,20-21,23,25-26,28,33,35,37,39,41,44,48-49,52,54];7項(xiàng)研究使用盲法[11-12,20,28,34,52,54];40項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)完整[8-10,12-30,32-35,37,39,41,44-49,51-55];所有研究均未選擇性報(bào)告,均不清楚是否存在其他偏倚來(lái)源,詳見(jiàn)圖2、圖3。
2.3 Meta分析結(jié)果
2.3.1 SVR率 GLE/PIB等5種藥物方案治療SVR率的Meta分析結(jié)果如表2所示。
①GLE/PIB——有8項(xiàng)研究報(bào)道了GLE/PIB治療的SVR率[11,15,27,45-46,51,53-54]。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,GLE/PIB治療的加權(quán)SVR率為99%[95%CI(0.98,0.99),P<0.001]。
②LDV/SOF——有15項(xiàng)研究報(bào)道了LDV/SOF 治療的SVR率[8-10,14,24,26,31-32,37,39-40,42-43,47,50]。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,LDV/SOF治療的加權(quán)SVR率為97%[95%CI(0.96,0.97),P<0.001]。
③SOF/VEL——有9項(xiàng)研究報(bào)道了SOF/VEL治療的SVR率[12,16,18-20,22,29,43-44]。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,SOF/VEL治療的加權(quán)SVR率為96%[95%CI(0.95,0.97),P<0.001]。
④EBR/GZR——有12項(xiàng)研究報(bào)道了EBR/GZR 治療的SVR率[13,17,23,28,34-36,38,48-49,52,55]。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,EBR/GZR治療的加權(quán)SVR率為95%[95%CI(0.93,0.96),P<0.001]。
⑤DNV+P/R——有5項(xiàng)研究報(bào)道了DNV+P/R治療的SVR率[21,25,30,33,41]。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,DNV+P/R治療的加權(quán)SVR率為69%[95%CI(0.60,0.77),P<0.001]。
亞組分析結(jié)果如表3所示(表中P值均小于0.05)。
①HCV基因型的不同——分別有25項(xiàng)[8-9,12,14,19,21,25-27,29-34,36-39,41-42,44-45,49,54]、8項(xiàng)[10-11,13,19,22,29,42,51]、11項(xiàng)[18-19,22-24,27,38,42,44,53-54]、4項(xiàng)[40,42,47,50]和3項(xiàng)[15,24,43]研究報(bào)道了HCV 1、2、3、4、6型患者的SVR率。結(jié)果,GLE/PIB治療HCV 1、2型的加權(quán)SVR率較高,分別為100%[95%CI(0.99,1.00),P<0.05]、99%[95%CI(0.98,1.00),P<0.05];EBR/GZR治療HCV 3型的加權(quán)SVR率較高,為99%[95%CI(0.98,1.00),P<0.05];SOF/VEL治療HCV 6型的加權(quán)SVR率較高,為100%[95%CI(0.99,1.00),P<0.05]。
②肝硬化——分別有16項(xiàng)[12,14-16,18,26-27,30,34,36,38-40,44,50,54]、23項(xiàng)[11-15,19,21,25-26,30,32,34,37-38,40-41,43-45,49-51,53]研究報(bào)道了伴或不伴肝硬化患者的SVR率。結(jié)果,對(duì)于伴或不伴肝硬化的患者,GLE/PIB治療的加權(quán)SVR率均較高,分別為100%[95%CI(0.99,1.00),P<0.05]、99%[95%CI(0.98,1.00),P<0.05]。
③治療史——分別有22項(xiàng)[9,13,17,19,23-26,30,32,35-38,41-43,47-49,52-53]、24項(xiàng)[8,12-13,15,17,21,23-24,26-27,29,31,34-37,42,44-47,50-51,53]研究報(bào)道了初治和經(jīng)治患者的SVR率。結(jié)果,GLE/PIB初治患者的加權(quán)SVR率較高,為99%[95%CI(0.98,1.00),P<0.05];LDV/SOF經(jīng)治患者的加權(quán)SVR率較高,為99%[95%CI(0.98,1.00),P<0.05]。
④ 療程——分別有1項(xiàng)[26]、9項(xiàng)[15,19,32,37,39,43,47,51,54]、28項(xiàng)[8-12,14-16,18-20,22,24,26-27,29,31,37,40,42-47,50,53-54]、2項(xiàng)[46,53]和7項(xiàng)[8-9,14,16,29,40,50]研究報(bào)道了治療6、8、12、16、24周的SVR率。結(jié)果,當(dāng)療程為8周和12周時(shí),均以GLE/PIB治療的加權(quán)SVR率較高,分別為98%[95%CI(0.97,0.99),P<0.05]、99%[95%CI(0.98,1.00),P<0.05];當(dāng)療程為24周時(shí),LDV/SOF治療的加權(quán)SVR率較高,為98%[95%CI(0.97,0.99),P<0.05]。
⑤聯(lián)合用藥——分別有25項(xiàng)[8-9,13-14,16-19,23-24,26-27,29,32,35,37-40,42,44-45,47,49-50]、37項(xiàng)[8-13,15-16,18-20,22-24,26-28,31-32,34-35,38-39,42-55] 、2項(xiàng)[17,36]、2項(xiàng)[17,23]研究報(bào)道了聯(lián)合RBV或不聯(lián)合RBV、聯(lián)合SOF或不聯(lián)合SOF治療的SVR率。結(jié)果,LDV/SOF聯(lián)合RBV治療的加權(quán)SVR率,為98%[95%CI(0.97,0.99),P<0.05],高于LDV/SOF不聯(lián)合RBV治療的加權(quán)SVR率93%[95%CI(0.91,0.96),P<0.05];SOF/VEL不聯(lián)合RBV治療的加權(quán)SVR率為97%[95%CI(0.96,0.98),P<0.05],高于SOF/VEL聯(lián)合RBV治療的加權(quán)SVR率94%[95%CI(0.91,0.97),P<0.05];EBR/GZR不聯(lián)合RBV治療的加權(quán)SVR率為96%[95%CI(0.94,0.97),P<0.05],高于EBR/GZR聯(lián)合RBV治療的加權(quán)SVR率91%[95%CI(0.88,0.95),P<0.05]。
2.3.2 安全性 分別有46項(xiàng)[8-30,32-41,43-55]、43項(xiàng)[8-16,18-20,22-30,32-40,43-55]、29項(xiàng)[8-9,11-13,16,19-27,29,32-33,35,37,39,41,43-45,49-51,54]、22項(xiàng)[8-9,12,16,18-22,24,26-27,30,32-33,35,37,40-41,44-45,50]、18項(xiàng)[8-9,15,19,23-26,29,32-33,35,37,40-41,44,50-51]研究報(bào)道了患者任何嚴(yán)重的不良事件、任何不良事件、惡心/嘔吐、皮疹、失眠發(fā)生率。任何嚴(yán)重的不良事件和任何不良事件發(fā)生率從低到高依次均為EBR/GZR 2.4 發(fā)表偏倚分析 以GLE/PIB治療的SVR率為指標(biāo)繪制倒漏斗圖,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖4。由圖4可知,有3個(gè)研究散點(diǎn)在倒漏斗圖外,其余各研究散點(diǎn)均分布于倒漏斗圖范圍內(nèi),且倒漏斗圖兩側(cè)分布不對(duì)稱(chēng),提示本研究存在發(fā)表偏倚的可能性較大(其余指標(biāo)所得結(jié)果相似,圖略)。 3 討論 直接抗病毒藥物是治療HCV的靶向特異性小分子化合物[58]。近年來(lái),隨著抗HCV感染DAAs的出現(xiàn),慢性丙肝治療的新時(shí)代也隨之開(kāi)啟。但DAAs在我國(guó)上市時(shí)間嚴(yán)重晚于他國(guó),且價(jià)格普遍較昂貴,患者因無(wú)法負(fù)擔(dān)而導(dǎo)致病情惡化,這使得我國(guó)慢性丙肝患者的治療率較低,給我國(guó)乃至全球“丙肝消除計(jì)劃”的實(shí)現(xiàn)造成了阻礙[59]。在真實(shí)世界的臨床實(shí)踐中,本研究納入的5種慢性丙肝治療方案的療效顯著[60-64]。目前,我國(guó)用于治療慢性丙肝的藥物較多,但缺乏DAAs治療方案之間的比較研究,加之DAAs對(duì)于不同基因型、肝硬化狀態(tài)、治療史患者的有效性也存在未知性。為此,本研究對(duì)5種DAAs治療慢性丙肝的有效性與安全性進(jìn)行比較。 本研究結(jié)果顯示,5種藥物方案治療慢性丙肝的加權(quán)SVR率由高到低為GLE/PIB>LDV/SOF>SOF/VEL> EBR/GZR>DNV+ P/R。亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)于HCV 1、2型患者,以GLE/PIB治療的SVR率較高,HCV 3、6型患者分別以EBR/GZR、SOF/VEL治療的SVR率較高;無(wú)論是否伴有肝硬化,均以GLE/PIB治療的SVR率較高;對(duì)于初治患者,GLE/PIB的SVR率較高,而對(duì)于經(jīng)治患者,則LDV/SOF的SVR率較高;療程方面,8周和12周療法均以GLE/PIB治療的SVR率較高;聯(lián)合和不聯(lián)合RBV時(shí),分別以L(fǎng)DV/SOF和SOF/VEL治療的SVR率較高。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),DNV+P/R治療的SVR率均顯著低于其他4種藥物方案,筆者分析其原因可能為DNV為我國(guó)首個(gè)研發(fā)的小分子直接抗病毒藥物[65],目前的RCT較少,且通常需要聯(lián)合P/R或其他DAAs使用。 安全性方面,任何嚴(yán)重的不良事件和任何不良事件發(fā)生率從低到高依次均為EBR/GZR 綜上所述,GLE/PIB、LDV/SOF、SOF/VEL、EBR/GZR治療慢性丙肝的有效率較高且接近,尤以GLE/PIB治療的加權(quán)SVR率最佳;安全性方面,以EBR/GZR、GLE/PIB相對(duì)較好。本研究的局限性如下:(1)納入研究的總體質(zhì)量不高,且多數(shù)RCT未實(shí)施盲法,具有較高的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可能影響分析結(jié)果;(2)由于本研究納入的RCT在設(shè)計(jì)上多為兩種DAAs直接比較或者同種DAAs不同劑量或不同治療周期的比較,缺乏5種DAAs方案的直接比較,也缺乏空白對(duì)照,因此只進(jìn)行了單臂Meta分析,而無(wú)法進(jìn)行成組Meta分析或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)Meta分析,其不確定性較高;(3)納入的研究大多為國(guó)外研究,國(guó)內(nèi)研究較少,在患者基線(xiàn)特征上可能存在差異。因此,本結(jié)論尚需更多高質(zhì)量RCT進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。 參考文獻(xiàn) [ 1 ] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)肝病學(xué)分會(huì),中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)感染病學(xué)分會(huì).丙型肝炎防治指南:2019年版[J].中華肝臟病雜志,2019,27(12):962-963. [ 2 ] World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report:2017
[R/OL]. [2021-04-15]. https://www.who.int/hepatitis/pub- lications/global-hepatitis-report7.
[ 3 ] RAO H,WEI L,LOPEZ-TALAVERA J C,et al. Distribution and clinical correlates of viral and host genotypes in Chinese patients? with chronic hepatitis C virus infection[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2014,29(3):545-553.
[ 4 ] CHEN Y,YU C,YIN X,et al. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in mainland China[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect,2017,6(11):e95.
[ 5 ] World Health Organization. Guidelines for the care and treatment of persons diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection:2018[EB/OL]. [2021-04-15]. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/273174.
[ 6 ] PECORARO V,BANZI R,CARIANI E,et al. New direc- tacting antivirals for the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus infection:a systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol,2019,9(4):522-538.
[ 7 ] 溫曉玉,??∑?直接抗病毒藥物治療慢性丙型肝炎的作用機(jī)制[J].臨床肝膽病雜志,2016,32(9):1699-1705.
[ 8 ] AFDHAL N,REDDY K R,NELSON D R,et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection[J]. N Engl J Med,2014,370(16):1483-1493.
[ 9 ] AFDHAL N,ZEUZEM S,KWO P,et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection[J]. N Engl J Med,2014,370(20):1889-1898.
[10] ASAHINA Y,ITOH Y,UENO Y,et al. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for treating Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus? genotype 2 infection[J]. Liver Int,2018,38(9):1552-1561.
[11] ASSELAH T,KOWDLEY K V,ZADEIKIS N,et al. Efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 weeks in patients with hepatitis C? virus genotype 2,4,5,or 6 infection without cirrhosis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2018,16(3):417-426.
[12] BOURLI?RE M,GORDON S C,F(xiàn)LAMM S L,et al. Sofosbuvir,Velpatasvir,and voxilaprevir for previously trea- ted HCV infection[J]. N Engl J Med,2017,376(22):2134-2146.
[13] BROWN A,H?ZODE C,ZUCKERMAN E,et al. Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of elbasvir±grazoprevir±ribavirin in? participants with hepatitis C virus genotype 2,4,5 or 6 infection:the C-SCAPE? study[J]. J Viral Hepat,2018,25(5):457-464.
[14] CHARLTON M,EVERSON G T,F(xiàn)LAMM S L,et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of HCV infection in patients? with advanced liver disease[J]. Gastroenterology,2015,149(3):649-659.
[15] CHAYAMA K,SUZUKI F,KARINO Y,et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with chronic? genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection with and without cirrhosis[J]. J Gastroenterol,2018,53(4):557-565.
[16] CURRY M P,OLEARY J G,BZOWEJ N,et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV in patients with decompensa- ted cirrhosis[J]. N Engl J Med,2015,373(27):2618-2628.
[17] DE L?DINGHEN V,LAFOREST C,H?ZODE C,et al.Retreatment with sofosbuvir plus grazoprevir/elbasvir plus ribavirin of patients? with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 who previously failed an ns5a-or ns3-containing regimen:the anrs HC34 revenge study[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2018,66(7):1013-1018.
[18] ESTEBAN R,PINEDA J A,CALLEJA J L,et al. Efficacy of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir,with and without ribavirin,in patients with? hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection and cirrhosis[J]. Gastroenterology,2018,155(4):1120-1127.
[19] EVERSON G T,TOWNER W J,DAVIS M N,et al. Sofosbuvir with velpatasvir in treatment-naive noncirrhotic patients with genotype 1? to 6 hepatitis C virus infection:a randomized trial[J]. Ann Intern Med,2015,163(11):818- 826.
[20] FELD J J,JACOBSON I M,H?ZODE C,et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 1,2,4,5,and 6 infection[J]. N Engl J Med,2015,373(27):2599-2607.
[21] FELD J J,JACOBSON I M,JENSEN D M,et al. Randomized study of danoprevir/ritonavir-based therapy for HCV genotype 1 patients with prior partial or null respon- ses to peginterferon/ribavirin[J]. J Hepatol,2015,62(2):294-302.
[22] FOSTER G R,AFDHAL N,ROBERTS S K,et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 2 and 3 infection[J]. N Engl J Med,2015,373(27):2608-2617.
[23] FOSTER G R,AGARWAL K,CRAMP M E,et al. Elbasvir/grazoprevir and sofosbuvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection with compensated cirrhosis:a randomized trial[J]. Hepatology,2018,67(6):2113-2126.
[24] GANE E J,HYLAND R H,AN D,et al. Efficacy of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir,with or without ribavirin,for 12 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 3 or 6 infection[J]. Gastroenterology,2015,149(6):1454-1461.
[25] GANE E J,POCKROS P J,ZEUZEM S,et al. Mericita- bine and ritonavir-boosted danoprevir with or without ribavirin in? treatment-naive HCV genotype 1 patients: INFORM-SVR study[J]. Liver Int,2015,35(1):79-89.
[26] GANE E J,STEDMAN C A,HYLAND R H,et al. Efficacy of nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir plus the NS5A inhibitor? ledipasvir or the NS5B non-nucleoside inhibitor GS-9669 against HCV genotype 1? infection[J].Gastroenterology,2014,146(3):736-743.
[27] GANE E,POORDAD F,WANG S,et al. High efficacy of ABT-493 and ABT-530 treatment in patients with HCV genotype 1 or 3 infection and compensated cirrhosis[J]. Gastroenterology,2016,151(4):651-659.
[28] GEORGE J,BURNEVICH E,SHEEN I S,et al. Elbasvir/grazoprevir in Asia-Pacific/Russian participants with chro- nic hepatitis C virus genotype 1,4,or 6 infection[J]. Hepatol Commun,2018,2(5):595-606.
[29] IZUMI N,TAKEHARA T,CHAYAMA K,et al. Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir plus ribavirin in Japanese patients with ge- notype 1 or 2? hepatitis C who failed direct-acting antivirals[J]. Hepatol Int,2018,12(4):356-367.
[30] KAO J H,TUNG S Y,LEE Y,et al. Ritonavir-boosted danoprevir plus peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in Asian? chronic hepatitis C patients with or without cirrhosis[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2016,31(10):1757-1765.
[31] KAWAKAMI Y,OCHI H,HAYES C N,et al. Efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with ribavirin in chro- nic hepatitis C? patients who failed daclatasvir/asunaprevir therapy:pilot study[J]. J Gastroenterol,2018,53(4):548- 556.
[32] KOWDLEY K V,GORDON S C,REDDY K R,et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis[J]. N Engl J Med,2014,370(20):1879-1888.
[33] KOWDLEY K V,LAWITZ E,POORDAD F,et al. Phase 2b trial of interferon-free therapy for hepatitis C virus ge- notype 1[J]. N Engl J Med,2014,370(3):222-232.
[34] KUMADA H,SUZUKI Y,KARINO Y,et al. The combination of elbasvir and grazoprevir for the treatment of chronic HCV infection in Japanese patients:a randomized phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ study[J]. J Gastroenterol,2017,52(4):520- 533.
[35] KWO P,GANE E J,PENG C Y,et al. Effectiveness of Elbasvir and grazoprevir combination,with or without ribavirin,for treatment-experienced patients with chronic he- patitis C infection[J]. Gastroenterology,2017,152(1):164-175.
[36] LAWITZ E,POORDAD F,GUTIERREZ J A,et al.Short- duration treatment with elbasvir/grazoprevir and sofosbuvir for hepatitis C:a randomized trial[J]. Hepatology,2017,65(2):439-450.
[37] LAWITZ E,POORDAD F,HYLAND R H,et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir-based treatment of patients with chronic genotype-1 HCV? infection and cirrhosis:results from two phase Ⅱ studies[J]. Antivir Ther,2016,21(8):679-687.
[38] LAWITZ E,GANE E,PEARLMAN B,et al. Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks versus 18 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir(MK-5172)and elbasvir(MK-8742)with or without ribavirin for hepatitis C virus? genotype 1 infection in previously untreated patients with cirrhosis and patients with previous null response with or without cirrhosis(C-WORTHY):a randomised,open-label phase 2 trial[J].Lancet,2015,385(9973):1075-1086.
[39] LAWITZ E,POORDAD F F,PANG P S,et al. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in? treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus? infection(LONESTAR):an open-label,randomised,phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet,2014,383(9916):515-523.
[40] MANNS M,SAMUEL D,GANE E J,et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 or 4 hepatitis? C virus infection and advanced liver di- sease:a multicentre,open-label,randomised,phase 2 trial? ? ? ? ? ?[J]. Lancet Infect Dis,2016,16(6):685-697.
[41] MARCELLIN P,COOPER C,BALART L,et al. Rando- mized controlled trial of danoprevir plus peginterferon? ? alfa2a and ribavirin in treatment-na?ve patients with? ? ?hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection[J]. Gastroenterology,2013,145(4):790-800.
[42] MIZOKAMI M,YOKOSUKA O,TAKEHARA T,et al.Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin for 12 weeks in treatment-naive and previously treated Japanese patients with genotype 1 he- patitis C:an open-label,randomised,phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Infect Dis,2015,15(6):645-653.
[43] NGUYEN E,TRINH S,TRINH H,et al. Sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with ledipasvir+sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir+velpatasvir[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2019,49(1):99-106.
[44] PIANKO S,F(xiàn)LAMM S L,SHIFFMAN M L,et al. Sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir combination therapy for treatment-experienced patients? with genotype 1 or 3 hepatitis C virus infection:a randomized trial[J]. Ann Intern Med,2015,163(11):809-817.
[45] POORDAD F,F(xiàn)ELIZARTA F,ASATRYAN A,et al. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and prior direct-acting antiviral treatment[J]. Hepatology,2017,66(2):389-397.
[46] POORDAD F,POL S,ASATRYAN A,et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 and past direct-acting antiviral treatment failure[J].Hepatology,2018,67(4):1253-1260.
[47] SHIHA G,ESMAT G,HASSANY M,et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for 8 or 12 weeks for the treatment of HCV genotype 4 infection:results from a randomised phase Ⅲ study in Egypt[J]. Gut,2019,68(4):721-728.
[48] SPERL J,HORVATH G,HALOTA W,et al. Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir and sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin:a phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trial
[J]. J Hepatol,2016,65(6):1112-1119.
[49] SULKOWSKI M,HEZODE C,GERSTOFT J,et al. Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir(MK-5172)and elbasvir(MK-8742)with or without ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 mono-infection and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection(C-WORTHY):a randomised,open-label phase 2 trial
[J]. Lancet,2015,385(9973):1087-1097.
[50] TAM E,LUETKEMEYER A F,MANTRY P S,et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for treatment of hepatitis C virus in sofosbuvir-experienced,NS5A treatment-naive patients:findings from two randomized trials[J]. Liver Int,2018,38(6):1010-1021.
[51] TOYODA H,CHAYAMA K,SUZUKI F,et al. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with chronic? genotype 2 hepatitis C virus infection[J].Hepatology,2018,67(2):505-513.
[52] WEI L,JIA J D,WANG F S,et al. Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in participants with hepatitis C virus genotype 1,4,or 6 infection from the Asia-Pacific region and Russia:final results? from the randomized C-CORAL study[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2019,34(1):12-21.
[53] WYLES D,POORDAD F,WANG S,et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 patients with cirrhosis and/or prior treatment experience:a partially randomized phase 3 clinical trial[J]. Hepatology,2018,67(2):514-523.
[54] ZEUZEM S,F(xiàn)OSTER G R,WANG S,et al. Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 weeks in HCV genotype 1 or 3 infection[J]. N Engl J Med,2018,378(4):354-369.
[55] ZEUZEM S,GHALIB R,REDDY K R,et al. Grazoprevir-elbasvir combination therapy for treatment-naive cirrhotic and? noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1,4,or 6 infection:a randomized trial[J].Ann Intern Med,2015,163(1):1-13.
[56] 李雪迎. Meta分析研究設(shè)計(jì)中的PICOS原則[J].中國(guó)介入心臟病學(xué)雜志,2016,24(11):611.
[57] HIGGINS J P,ALTMAN D G,G?TZSCHE P C,et al. The Cochrane collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials[J]. BMJ,2011,343:d5928.
[58] 王靖,何小羊.抗丙型肝炎病毒藥物研究進(jìn)展[J].國(guó)際藥學(xué)研究雜志,2015,42(5):551-560.
[59] 孟蕊,芮明軍,馬越,等.治療丙肝的第二代直接抗病毒藥物的經(jīng)濟(jì)性系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)[J].中國(guó)藥房,2020,31(23):2882- 2888.
[60] LIU C H,LIU C J,HUNG C C,et al. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection:real-world effectiveness and safety in Taiwan[J]. Liver Int,2020,40(4):758-768.
[61] CHIU W N,HUNG C H,LU S N,et al. Real-world effectiveness of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for mixed genotype hepatitis C infection:a multicenter pooled analysis in Taiwan[J]. J Viral Hepat,2020,27(9):866-872.
[62] 李劍萍,陳學(xué)福,嚴(yán)勤,等.索磷布韋維帕他韋聯(lián)合或不聯(lián)合利巴韋林治療中國(guó)成人慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染者的療效和安全性[J].中華肝臟病雜志,2020,28(10):831- 837.
[63] KRAMER J R,PUENPATOM A,ERICKSON K F,et al. Real-world effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir in HCV- infected patients in the US veterans affairs healthcare system[J]. J Viral Hepat,2018,25(11):1270-1279.
[64] 楊曉冬,賈婷,張秀靈,等.達(dá)諾瑞韋聯(lián)合長(zhǎng)效α-干擾素治療基因3型慢性丙型肝炎患者療效研究[J].實(shí)用肝臟病雜志,2021,24(1):35-38.
[65] 楊臻崢,孫友松,魏利軍,等. 2014至2018年我國(guó)自主研發(fā)并獲準(zhǔn)上市的1類(lèi)新藥概述[J].中國(guó)新藥雜志,2019,28(13):1537-1546.
[66] 黃建榮,張文宏.以達(dá)諾瑞韋為基礎(chǔ)的抗病毒方案在慢性丙型肝炎治療中的臨床研究結(jié)果解讀[J].中華傳染病雜志,2018,36(10):594-598.
(收稿日期:2020-12-08 修回日期:2021-04-15)
(編輯:陳 宏)