包倩倩 柴澤英 崔婭瀅
[摘要] 目的 探討預(yù)見性護理對剖宮產(chǎn)瘢痕部位妊娠圍術(shù)期并發(fā)癥的干預(yù)效果。 方法 選取自2016年7月~2018年12月我院接診的134例剖宮產(chǎn)瘢痕部位妊娠產(chǎn)婦為研究對象。按照隨機數(shù)字表法將產(chǎn)婦分為對照組(n=67)和研究組(n=67)。對照組產(chǎn)婦予以常規(guī)傳統(tǒng)護理,研究組產(chǎn)婦予以預(yù)見性護理。觀察比較兩組產(chǎn)婦臨床指標、并發(fā)癥情況以及護理滿意度。 結(jié)果 研究組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中出血量(201.19±12.43)mL明顯少于對照組(310.55±16.52)mL,研究組產(chǎn)婦住院時間、肛門排氣時間、初次母乳喂養(yǎng)時間[(7.46±2.47)d、(14.61±3.60)h、(15.38±2.57)h]均明顯短于對照組[(11.78±3.61)d、(24.48±5.61)h、(25.76±4.64)h],差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);研究組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(5.97%)明顯低于對照組(25.37%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);研究組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(8.95%)明顯低于對照組(25.38%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);研究組產(chǎn)婦護理滿意度(94.03%)明顯高于對照組(82.09%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 對剖宮產(chǎn)瘢痕部位妊娠產(chǎn)婦予以圍術(shù)期預(yù)見性護理效果滿意,減少產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中出血量,縮短手術(shù)時間和初次母乳喂養(yǎng)時間。有效降低產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,進一步提高產(chǎn)婦對護理的滿意度,值得各地醫(yī)院推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 瘢痕部位妊娠;剖宮產(chǎn);預(yù)見性護理;圍術(shù)期;并發(fā)癥
[中圖分類號] R473.71? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)22-0166-04
Interventional effect of predictive nursing on perioperative complications of cesarean section scar pregnancy
BAO Qianqian1? ?CHAI Zeying2? ?CUI Yaying1
1.Operating Room,Taizhou Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 317000,China;2.Department of Gynecology,Taizhou Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 317000,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of predictive nursing on perioperative complications of cesarean section scar pregnancy. Methods A total of 134 pregnant women with cesarean section scars who were admitted to our hospital from July 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled. Maternal women were divided into control group(n=67) and study group(n=67) according to the random number table method. The pregnant women in the control group were given routine traditional care, and the maternal women in the study group were given predictive nursing. The clinical indicators, complications and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were observed and compared. Results The intraoperative blood loss(201.19±12.43) mL in the study group was significantly less than that of the control group(310.55±16.52) mL. The maternal hospitalization time, anal exhaust time, and initial breastfeeding time in the study group[(7.46±2.47)d,(14.61±3.60)h, (15.38±2.57)h] were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(11.78±3.61)d, (24.48±5.61)h, (25.76±4.64)h], and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of intraoperative complications in the study group(5.97%) was significantly lower than that in the control group(25.37%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the study group(8.95%) was significantly lower than that of the control group(25.38%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The maternal satisfaction with nursing(94.03%) in the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(82.09%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The perioperative predictive nursing for pregnant women with cesarean section scars has satisfactory results, which can reduce the amount of bleeding during maternal surgery, shorten the operation time and initial breastfeeding time. And it can effectively reduce the incidence of complications during and after surgery, and further improve maternal satisfaction with nursing. It is worth promoting in hospitals around the world.
兩組產(chǎn)婦年齡、孕周、距上次剖宮產(chǎn)時間等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);研究組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中出血量明顯少于對照組,研究組產(chǎn)婦住院時間、肛門排氣時間、初次母乳喂養(yǎng)時間均明顯短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較
兩組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中均有出現(xiàn)不同程度并發(fā)癥,研究組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較
兩組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后均有出現(xiàn)不同程度并發(fā)癥,研究組產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4兩組產(chǎn)婦護理滿意度比較
研究組產(chǎn)婦護理滿意度明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表4。
3 討論
近年來,更多的產(chǎn)婦選擇剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)進行生產(chǎn),同時醫(yī)學技術(shù)水平的不斷發(fā)展提高,使得手術(shù)的安全性有了較大的提升。但是在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)過程中,會給產(chǎn)婦的子宮造成外源性的創(chuàng)傷,有較高的可能會出現(xiàn)子宮瘢痕,在臨床醫(yī)學上這種情況被稱之為瘢痕子宮[6-7]。隨著近幾年我國二胎政策的放開,越來越多的家庭選擇二胎,瘢痕子宮在產(chǎn)婦再次妊娠時,所帶來的風險極高,并容易出現(xiàn)多種并發(fā)癥,如產(chǎn)后出血、切口感染、瘙癢疼痛等,不僅對產(chǎn)婦的生命安全造成影響,同時也影響著新生兒的生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量[8-10]。有相關(guān)研究指出,孕囊著床于瘢痕處對產(chǎn)婦的生產(chǎn)具有較大影響,增加了手術(shù)的風險,在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)中,應(yīng)盡量避開瘢痕組織,降低手術(shù)的難度與風險[11]。因此,在圍術(shù)期進行預(yù)見性護理,可以減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,降低產(chǎn)婦的分娩風險,有效保證產(chǎn)婦與新生兒的身心健康,對產(chǎn)科及產(chǎn)婦均具有十分重要的意義[12]。
預(yù)見性護理是產(chǎn)科對產(chǎn)婦進行臨床護理的重要組成部分。在產(chǎn)婦圍術(shù)期進行預(yù)見性護理具有極高的應(yīng)用價值,該護理模式以提高患者治療效果、提高護理質(zhì)量為護理核心,及時預(yù)防與及時處理為護理模式重點,在圍術(shù)期采用有助于剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)的順利完成[13-14]。在圍術(shù)期對產(chǎn)婦患者進行預(yù)見性護理干預(yù),對患者進行心理、精神、生理全方位的干預(yù)護理,即保證了手術(shù)的治療效果,同時又提高了產(chǎn)婦對護理的滿意度[15]。在術(shù)前對產(chǎn)婦進行積極的產(chǎn)前健康宣教,進行一定程度上的心理輔導,可以有效幫助產(chǎn)婦緩解心理壓力,消除產(chǎn)婦不良情緒,積極配合護理;及時了解產(chǎn)婦自身的身體狀態(tài),根據(jù)產(chǎn)婦的子宮頸開口狀態(tài),合理使用催產(chǎn)素,縮短產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)程[16-18]。在手術(shù)過程中對產(chǎn)床進行加溫加熱,減少皮膚的暴露,保持患者處于一個舒適的環(huán)境中,降低產(chǎn)婦并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的幾率[19]。在術(shù)后積極對產(chǎn)婦進行心理輔導,注意飲食情況和個人衛(wèi)生,時刻關(guān)注產(chǎn)婦的身體變化,有利于減輕患者的切口疼痛、流血情況;預(yù)防院內(nèi)感染,幫助產(chǎn)婦成功完成第一次母乳喂養(yǎng),并進一步降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率[20]。
本研究顯示,兩組產(chǎn)婦分別進行常規(guī)傳統(tǒng)護理與預(yù)見性護理。采用預(yù)見性護理的產(chǎn)婦住院時間、肛門排氣時間、初次母乳喂養(yǎng)時間均短于采用傳統(tǒng)護理方式的產(chǎn)婦,證明預(yù)見性護理方式在護理質(zhì)量上更具優(yōu)勢,對產(chǎn)婦的護理更加到位;在兩組患者術(shù)中并發(fā)癥情況的比較上,采用預(yù)見性護理的產(chǎn)婦并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于采用傳統(tǒng)護理方式的產(chǎn)婦,預(yù)見性護理針對產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中可能出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥進行預(yù)先防范,使出現(xiàn)低血壓、低體溫情況的產(chǎn)婦更少,進而降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,術(shù)中護理效果更加明顯;在兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況的比較上,采用預(yù)見性護理的產(chǎn)婦出現(xiàn)子宮破裂、產(chǎn)后出血、感染等情況的產(chǎn)婦明顯少于采用傳統(tǒng)護理的產(chǎn)婦,預(yù)見性護理針對產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后可能出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥進行預(yù)先防范,進而降低子宮破裂、產(chǎn)后出血、感染等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率;在兩組產(chǎn)婦護理滿意度程度的比較上,采用預(yù)見性護理的產(chǎn)婦滿意度相較于采用傳統(tǒng)護理的產(chǎn)婦更高,證明產(chǎn)婦及家屬更加認可預(yù)見性護理,對護理結(jié)果較為滿意。
綜上所述,對剖宮產(chǎn)瘢痕部位妊娠產(chǎn)婦予以圍術(shù)期預(yù)見性護理效果滿意,減少產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中出血量,同時縮短手術(shù)時間和初次母乳喂養(yǎng)時間。預(yù)見性護理針對產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中及術(shù)后可能出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥的預(yù)先防范,有效降低產(chǎn)婦術(shù)中、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,進一步提高產(chǎn)婦對護理的滿意度,臨床護理價值高,值得各地醫(yī)院推廣。
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(收稿日期:2019-07-01)