醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯注釋與簡要講解

Key Facts

Definition:benign osteoblastic tumor with central core of vascular osteoid tissue,peripheral sclerosis.

Osteoid osteoma (OO)=tumor of children,young adults.

10% in spine (most common cause of painful scoliosis in adolescents).

Classic presentation=night pain relieved by salicylates/NSAIDS.

Imaging findings:less than 1.5 cm round low density and surrounding sclerosis.

osteoid osteoma 骨樣骨瘤

scoliosis 脊柱側(cè)凸

salicylates 水楊酸鹽

NSAIDS,nonsteroidal antiinflamma

tory drugs 非甾體抗炎藥

Imaging Findings

General features

Best imaging clue:hypodense nidus with calcification,surrounding sclerosis;neural arch>>vertebral body.

neural arch 椎弓

CT finding

NECT:lesion less than 1.5 cm (larger=osteoblastoma); well-defined low density nidus,and/or calcification; variable surrounding sclerosis.

nidus （瘤）巢

CECT:variable enhancement.

MR findings

T1WI:hypo-or iso-intense (compared to marrow).

T2WI:hyperintense or intermediate signal; variable calcification (very hypointense); surrounding hyperintensity may reflect inflammation.

Variable enhancement (minimal to intense).

Other modality findings

Radiography:(1)Classic appearance:discrete round or oval nidus with surrounding sclerosis; lesion at or near apex (concave aspect) of scoliotic curve.

(2)Common appearance:normal,subtle sclerosis,sometimes only scoliosis.Radionuclide scans:(1)Nidus shows marked radiotracer accumulation.

(2)“Double density sign”=small central high uptake (nidus) with surrounding less intense zone of uptake (osseous reaction).

concave aspect （椎弓）凹面

Imaging recommendations

Radionuclide scan and NECT.

MR if radiculopathy or myelopathy.

Differential Diagnosis

Osteoblastoma:Larger (>1.5 cm); expansile lesion of neural arch or pedicle;neurologic deficits more common.

Sclerotic metastasis,Lymphoma:Older patients; often involves pedicle,

鑒別診斷包括：

osteoblastoma 骨母細胞瘤

sclerotic metastasis 成骨轉(zhuǎn)移

Fig1 A 12-year-old male with low back pain relieved by salicylates.a)Coronal and b)axial non-enhanced CT shows a discrete lucent mass with a calcified nidus in the left pedicle of the S1 vertebra.Note the surrounding reactive sclerosis and small size (<1.5 cm),characteristic for osteoid osteoma.c)Axial T2WI,d)enhanced axial T1WI and e)coronal enhanced T1WI shows edema around the mass with enhancement.

destroys posterior body cortex; associated soft-tissue mass common.

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC):Larger,expansile; often multicystic with hemorrhagic fluid-fluid levels.

Benign (Nonneoplastic) reactive sclerosis:Facet sclerosis (spondylolysis;contralateral to absent pedicle); unusual or chronic infection (rare).

lymphoma 淋巴瘤

aneurysmal bone cyst 動脈瘤樣骨囊腫

benign (nonneoplastic) reactive sclerosis 良性（非腫瘤性）反應(yīng)性骨硬化

Pathology

General path commentsLocation:femur>tibia>hands/feet>vertebral; Lumbar>cervical>thoracic>sacrum;posterior element(lamina,facet,pedicle);vertebral body<10%.

Epidemiology:(1)12% of all benign skeletal neoplasms.(2)10% in axial skeleton.(3)59% lumbar,27 cervical,12% thoracic,2% sacrum.(4)Majority of patients between 10-20 years.(5)M:F=2-3:1

Gross pathologic-surgical features

Sharply-demarcated,round,pink-red mass (nidus).

Microscopic features:(1)Nidus:well-organized interconnecting trabecular bone in various stages of maturity within a highly vascular fibrous connective tissue stroma.(2)Similar to osteoblastoma.(3)No malignant degeneration.

Clinical Issues

Presentation

Night pain with relief from salicylates/NSAIDS.

Symptoms:painful scoliosis,focal or radicular pain,gait disturbance,muscle

典型臨床癥狀：

（1）可為非甾體抗炎藥控制的夜間痛；（2）痛性脊柱側(cè)彎；局部或放射痛；（3）70%脊柱側(cè)彎伴有肌肉

atrophy.

Scoliosis (70%) related to muscle spasm.

In pediatric patients,torticollis,spinal stiffness,scoliosis may occur.

痙攣；（4）兒童患者可出現(xiàn)斜頸（torticollis）、脊柱僵直或側(cè)彎。

Natural history

Surgical resection is curative in most cases.Spontaneous healing has been reported.

Treatment

Complete excision:(1)New:CT-guided percutaneous excision.(2)Thermo-/photocoagulation.

Conservative observation (patients with well controlled symptoms).

percutaneous excision 經(jīng)皮切除

thermocoagulation 熱消融

photocoagulation 激光消融

Prognosis

Recurrence extremely rare after surgical excision.