于然 賈立群 婁彥妮
[摘要] 目的 挖掘中藥外用治療手足綜合征(HFS)的組方規(guī)律。 方法 以“手足綜合征”或“手足皮膚反應(yīng)”為關(guān)鍵詞在萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、中國知網(wǎng)、維普網(wǎng)檢索2019年9月之前的所有文獻(xiàn),篩選中藥外治組方,使用Excel 2019進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入,對(duì)組方中的中藥進(jìn)行頻數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,對(duì)高頻中藥使用R語言3.6.0的“arules”包進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析,尋找關(guān)聯(lián)性較強(qiáng)的中藥組合。此外SPSS 20.0對(duì)高頻中藥進(jìn)行聚類分析,得出治療HFS最主要的功效集合。 結(jié)果 共納入80個(gè)外治組方,使用頻率>10次的中藥有15味。關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián)性最強(qiáng)的藥對(duì)有11個(gè),藥物間關(guān)聯(lián)性最強(qiáng)的中藥有4味:黃芪、紅花、桂枝、當(dāng)歸。聚類分析將高頻中藥主要聚為兩類:益氣活血、溫經(jīng)通絡(luò)。 結(jié)論 中藥外用治療HFS主要以益氣活血、溫經(jīng)通絡(luò)為主,同時(shí)配合清熱解毒、養(yǎng)血潤(rùn)燥。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 中藥組方;外治;手足綜合征;關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則;數(shù)據(jù)挖掘;用藥規(guī)律
[中圖分類號(hào)] R242? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)05(c)-0139-04
Exploration on the rule of traditional Chinese medicine in external treatment of hand foot syndrome based on association rule and cluster analysis
YU Ran1,2? ?JIA Liqun2? ?LOU Yanni2▲
1.Internal Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Health Ministry, Beijing? ?100029, China; 2.Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100029, China
[Abstract] Objective To search and analyze medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for hand foot syndrome (HFS). Methods Articles were searched from CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP network by the words of “hand foot syndrome” or “hand foot skin reaction” before September 2019. The formulas of external use for HFS was screened, and the data was logged in excel 2019. The association rules were conducted using “arules” of R 3.6.0 to search for TCM composition with strong association and cluster analysis was conducted by SPSS 20.0 for herbs of high frequency to research main combination of TCM for HFS. Results Eighty TCM formulas was included. There were 15 herbs that using frequency was more than 10. According to medication rules, 11 herb-partners had strong combination. Herbs which had the most strong internal relationship were Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Flos Carthami, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Angelicae Sinensis. Cluster analysis produced two main treatment aspects: benefiting qi for activating blood circulation, warming womb and channels and dredging channels. Conclusion The external application of TCM in treating HFS is mainly through benefiting qi for activating blood circulation, warming womb and channels and dredging channels, as well as clearing heat and removing toxicity and nourishing blood for moistening dryness.
[Key words] Herbal formula; External treatment; Hand foot syndrome; Association rules; Data mining; Regularity of herbal medicine
手足綜合征(HFS)是一種由化療藥物引起的手足皮膚不良反應(yīng)。HFS的總發(fā)病率為6%~64%,卡培他濱發(fā)病率為50%~60%[1]。HFS主要表現(xiàn)為皮膚色素沉著、腫脹、開裂、脫皮、疼痛、指甲脫落[2-3],甚至導(dǎo)致患者指紋消失,無法指紋識(shí)別[4]。個(gè)別可能致死[5]。HFS機(jī)制目前不清,可能與COX炎癥受體、卡培他濱藥物累積及代謝有關(guān)[6-7]。維生素B6及尿素軟膏有效性仍有爭(zhēng)論[8-11]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,普瑞巴林[12]、塞來昔布[13]及康復(fù)新液[14]是治療HFS潛在有效的藥物。目前最有效的措施仍為局部護(hù)理[2]和藥量調(diào)整。但是減藥、停藥可能會(huì)影響抗腫瘤療效[15-16]。中藥煎劑泡洗在臨床上有一定療效,文獻(xiàn)中不乏有經(jīng)驗(yàn)報(bào)道,甚至隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究[17],但中藥運(yùn)用多基于皮損辨證及個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn),用藥組方各有差異。本文目的即通過文獻(xiàn)檢索及數(shù)據(jù)挖掘探索中藥泡洗治療HFS的用藥規(guī)律。
1 資料與方法
1.1 數(shù)據(jù)來源
由于發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)中HFS與手足皮膚反應(yīng)時(shí)有混淆,故以“手足綜合征”或“手足皮膚反應(yīng)”檢索2019年9月前所有文獻(xiàn),以確保檢索全面。從中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、維普共檢索出119篇與中藥治療相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),經(jīng)篩選得到75個(gè)中藥外治組方。將組方編號(hào)后錄入Excel表,并根據(jù)《中國藥典》[18]統(tǒng)一藥名。經(jīng)雙人核對(duì),確保錄入準(zhǔn)確。見圖1。
1.2 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則基于R語言3.6.0“arules”包[19]的Apriori算法進(jìn)行,分別計(jì)算各關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則的支持度、置信度和提升度。支持度表示前項(xiàng)藥物和后項(xiàng)藥物同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的頻率;置信度表示前項(xiàng)藥物出現(xiàn)的前提下后項(xiàng)藥物出現(xiàn)概率[置信度(X=>Y)=支持度(X=>Y)/支持度(X)];提升度表示規(guī)則可靠性[提升度(X=>Y)=置信度(X=>Y)/支持度(X)],提升度=1表明前后項(xiàng)藥物無關(guān)聯(lián),提升度>1表明兩者關(guān)聯(lián),其中>3表明強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián),而提升度<1表明兩者相排斥。此外使用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)75個(gè)中藥外治方進(jìn)行聚類分析,采用二分類數(shù)據(jù)平方Euclidean距離法,探索HFS主要證型規(guī)律。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 頻數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)
治療HFS共有方劑80個(gè),中藥113味,前4味中藥為桂枝、紅花、當(dāng)歸、黃芪,出現(xiàn)頻率均>40%。其中5個(gè)方劑僅含單味中藥,分別是紫草、黃柏、金銀花。前15味中藥出現(xiàn)頻數(shù)、頻率見表1。
2.2 藥味藥性分析
對(duì)頻數(shù)>10次的15種中藥進(jìn)行藥味藥性分析,同一種藥物具有多種藥味的均算在內(nèi)。藥性主要有溫(261次,68.3%)、寒(53次,13.9%)、平(68次,17.8%),藥味主要包括甘(244次,47.9%)、辛(167次,32.8%)、苦(73次,14.3%)、酸(25次,4.9%)。見圖2。
2.3 關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析
排除僅單味中藥的方劑(黃柏)后對(duì)中藥頻數(shù)>10的14味中藥進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析,設(shè)最小支持度閾值為0.3,最小置信度閾值為0.8,結(jié)果共產(chǎn)生612個(gè)規(guī)則,分布見圖3,散點(diǎn)圖顏色越深表明提升度越大。關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析按支持度排序前10的關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則見表2,按提升度排序前10的關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則見表3。此外,對(duì)出現(xiàn)頻率較高的14味中藥進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖分析,連線越粗表明其關(guān)聯(lián)性越強(qiáng)。見圖4。
兩藥組合與三藥組合各取前5)
2.4 聚類分析
主要被聚為兩大類,其中威靈仙、細(xì)辛、紫草、桃仁、金銀花、川烏及當(dāng)歸、黃芪、桂枝、紅花分別聚為一類,川芎、赤芍、雞血藤、白芍聚類效果不佳。見圖5。此外,在第一類中明顯產(chǎn)生兩小類,分別是威靈仙+細(xì)辛和紫草+金銀花。
3 討論
HFS是一種藥物依賴性不良反應(yīng),停藥或減量后逐漸自愈,時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短隨皮膚修復(fù)速度而異。臨床上中藥泡洗手腳可減輕癥狀,加速皮膚修復(fù)由于中藥干預(yù)HFS文獻(xiàn)有限,所以文獻(xiàn)中認(rèn)為出現(xiàn)次數(shù)>10次為高頻中藥,對(duì)組方中14味高頻中藥進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則+中藥網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系分析,中藥外洗治療HFS最主要的用藥為黃芪、紅花、當(dāng)歸、桂枝,主要作用為益氣活血、溫經(jīng)通絡(luò)?,F(xiàn)代研究也顯示,黃芪、當(dāng)歸、紫草三藥可明顯促進(jìn)皮膚創(chuàng)傷愈合[20]。黃芪、桂枝其實(shí)是黃芪桂枝五物湯的重要組成,《金匱要略》:“血痹,……外證身體不仁,黃芪桂枝五物湯主之?!盚FS由化療藥毒引起血敗肉腐、氣血不通,出現(xiàn)肢體感覺異常,肌膚不榮則皸裂變暗,正符合血痹定義。提升度較高的組合中也發(fā)現(xiàn),活血通絡(luò)中藥常聯(lián)合使用。
聚類分析研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)歸、黃芪、桂枝、紅花被明顯聚為一類,與關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則分析結(jié)果一致,黃芪為補(bǔ)氣要藥,當(dāng)歸、紅花為活血經(jīng)典組合,《醫(yī)學(xué)真?zhèn)鳌庋吩唬骸皻鉃檠畮?,血為氣之母?!睔庋偸窍噍o相成。同時(shí)紅花、當(dāng)歸配伍使用可促進(jìn)有效成分析出[21]。HFS多氣血失常、寒凝血瘀紅花配當(dāng)歸活血養(yǎng)血,再加桂枝溫經(jīng)通絡(luò),在臨床上也多獲佳效。紫草-金銀花明顯聚為一小類,起到清熱解毒的作用,而中藥藥味和藥性分析也顯示,治療HFS的中藥以甘溫辛散為主,兼苦寒降泄。
總結(jié)分析中藥主要通過益氣活血、溫經(jīng)通絡(luò)治療HFS,同時(shí)加用清熱解毒、養(yǎng)血潤(rùn)燥中藥協(xié)同增效。本研究主要基于所發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)及用藥概率進(jìn)行,臨床運(yùn)用中并不一定拘泥于高頻藥物,如黃柏在臨床中也有一定療效[22]。本文只是對(duì)中藥治療HFS的初步探索,對(duì)臨床用藥有一定的參考價(jià)值,仍需進(jìn)一步對(duì)其有效性及可靠性進(jìn)行研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-12-05? 本文編輯:李亞聰)