俞欣 金哲 朱亮 邱云鵬 卜現(xiàn)亭 王芳
摘要 以玄武湖為調(diào)查對象,分析了湖泊近年來水質(zhì)、富營養(yǎng)化及底泥污染狀況,調(diào)查了水生植物種類及應(yīng)用頻度,水生植物群落數(shù)量特征、景觀特征及多樣性與結(jié)構(gòu)特征,探討了影響水生植物生長的因素。結(jié)果表明,玄武湖中應(yīng)用的水生植物共47種,分別隸屬于32科。其中挺水植物7種,浮水植物5種,沉水植物3種,濕生植物32種。玄武湖水生植物數(shù)量及群落結(jié)構(gòu)與DO、COD、氨氮等水質(zhì)指標(biāo)相關(guān)性較大,隨著近年來水質(zhì)的不斷改善,玄武湖的水生植物種類和數(shù)量總體上呈增長趨勢。與南京城區(qū)其他湖泊相比,玄武湖水體水生植物群落的物種相對豐富,分布也相對均勻。但是,水花生等外來入侵物種的增加、荷花等物種的大量人為種植,都會影響玄武湖水生植物群落的多樣性特征。
關(guān)鍵詞 玄武湖;水生植物;群落特征;影響因素
中圖分類號 Q948.8文獻標(biāo)識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2020)24-0081-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.24.023
開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID):
Aquatic Plants Investigation of Xuanwu Lake and Its Influence Factors
YU Xin1,JIN Zhe1,ZHU Liang2 et al (1.Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210013;2.Environment School of Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210098)
Abstract A survey was performed to analyse the water quality,eutrophication and sediment pollution of the lake body,to study the species and application frequency of aquatic plants,as well as quantitative characteristics,landscape and diversity features in Xuanwu Lake,to discuss the factors influencing the growth of the aquatic plants.The result showed,a total of 47 species of aquatic plants belonging to 32 families were applied in Xuanwu Lake,which included 7 species of emergent plants,5 species of floating plants,3 species of submerged plants,and 32 species of hygrophytes.The quantity and community structure of aquatic plants significantly correlated with water quality factors such as DO,COD and NH3-N.With the continuous improvement of water quality in recent years,the species and quantity of aquatic plants in Xuanwu Lake were increasing.Compared with other lakes in Nanjing City,the aquatic plants community of Xuanwu Lake was abundant and welldistributed relatively.However,the increase of invasive species such as alligator weed,as well as the artificial planting of lotus,will affect the diversity of aquatic plant communities in Xuanwu Lake.
Key words Xuanwu Lake;Aquatic plant;Community characteristics;Influence factor
玄武湖位于南京市區(qū)的玄武門外,湖水主要來自紫金山北麓,湖面面積3.78 km2,平均水深1.14 m,屬于典型的城市小型淺水湖泊[1]。玄武湖經(jīng)護城河通金川河入長江,另有一支由武廟閘經(jīng)秦淮河流入長江。玄武湖盛產(chǎn)魚蝦、菱、藕,水產(chǎn)資源十分豐富,玄武紅蓮即源于此湖,為中國八大觀荷勝地之一。該研究擬實地調(diào)查玄武湖湖泊中水生植物的種類和群落分布,分析湖泊水環(huán)境與湖泊水生植物間的相互影響,以期為玄武湖水生植物恢復(fù)和保護工作提供科學(xué)參考。
1 水生植物調(diào)查方法
此次湖泊水質(zhì)情況調(diào)查主要采用資料收集法和現(xiàn)場勘察法,水生植物調(diào)查采用現(xiàn)場勘查法[2]?,F(xiàn)場勘查時在重點區(qū)域設(shè)置樣地,劃分樣帶、樣方,記錄每個樣方內(nèi)的植物種類、數(shù)目,單株覆蓋面積[3]。
調(diào)查選取樣地時,一般包含4種生活型的水生植物,既包含湖濱帶區(qū)域,也包含湖中區(qū)域。多度觀測采用目測估計法,蓋度觀測方法為分別觀測單個物種蓋度,同時估計整個樣方的總蓋度。
1.1 樣地、樣帶劃分
在調(diào)查區(qū)域內(nèi)采用典型取樣方法設(shè)置樣地,并在每個樣地中設(shè)置1~3個樣帶,樣帶之間至少間隔10 m,所有樣帶垂直于水陸交界線,寬2 m,長4~14 m。每個樣帶設(shè)2~8個樣方,樣方間間隔2 m,樣方面積2 m×2 m,當(dāng)樣方跨越邊界明顯的水陸交界線時,緊貼交界線兩邊的樣方之間可無間隔,水中植物樣方設(shè)至水中不再出現(xiàn)水生維管植物為止,其余樣方沿水分梯度在陸上排列,至出現(xiàn)連續(xù)的典型旱生群落或道路邊界為止(圖1)。