邸曉華 柴鳴榮 黃桂蘭
[摘要]目的 檢測(cè)EV71和COXa16感染手足口病(HFMD)患兒血清白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)和白細(xì)胞介素-37(IL-37)水平并分析其意義。方法 選取2012年1月1日~2017年12月31日我院兒科收治175例HFMD患兒作為研究對(duì)象,其中確診的單純EV71感染患兒100例,單純CoxA16感染患兒65例,EV71和CoxA16合并感染患兒10例,另選取同期50例健康體檢兒童作為對(duì)照組,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(ELISA)法檢測(cè)血清IL-6和IL-37水平并分析其關(guān)系。結(jié)果 EV71組、CoxA16組及EV71合并CoxA16組的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);EV71組的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于CoxA16組、EV71合并CoxA16組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。EV71組重癥患兒的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于輕癥患兒,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。EV71組IL-6與IL-37水平成正相關(guān)(P<0.05);EV71組IL-6與外周血單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值成正相關(guān)(P<0.05);EV71組IL-37水平與外周血中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值成正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 IL-6和IL-37參與了EV71和COXa16感染所致HFMD發(fā)病的病理生理過程,并與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]手足口病;EV71;CoxA16;白細(xì)胞介素-6;白細(xì)胞介素-37
[中圖分類號(hào)] R725.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)8(b)-0071-04
[Abstract] Objective To detect the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-37 (IL-37) in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by EV71 and COXa16 infections and to analyze their clinical significance. Methods A total of 175 children with HFMD admitted to pediatrics department of our hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017 were collected as subjects of study, and among of them 100 children were diagnosed with EV71 infection, 65 children with CoxA16 infection, 10 children with EV71 and CoxA16 co-infection. Another 50 healthy children at the same period were selected as the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-37 and their relationship was analyzed. Results The levels of IL-6 and IL-37 in EV71 group, CoxA16 group and EV71 combined with CoxA16 group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6 and IL-37 in EV71 group were significantly higher than those in CoxA16 group and EV71 combined with CoxA16 group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6 and IL-37 of severe children in EV71 group were significantly higher than those in mild children, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between IL-6 and IL-37 levels in EV71 group (P<0.05). The level of IL-6 in EV71 group was positively correlated with the absolute value of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P<0.05). The level of IL-37 in EV71 group was positively correlated with the absolute value of peripheral blood neutrophils (P<0.05). Conclusion The IL-6 and IL-37 are involved in the pathogenesis of HFMD caused by EV71 and CoxA16 infections, and related to the severity of the disease.
[Key words] Hand, foot and mouth disease; EV71; CoxA16; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-37
手足口?。╤and,foot,and mouth disease,HFMD)是一種由腸道病毒引起的常見的流行性兒科傳染病,多發(fā)生于學(xué)齡前兒童。HFMD已成為一種主要的公共衛(wèi)生威脅,導(dǎo)致亞太地區(qū)嚴(yán)重的發(fā)病率和死亡率[1-2]。2017年我國(guó)確診的HFMD兒童共有1 952 435例[3]。腸道病毒71(Enterovirus 71,EV71)和柯薩奇病毒16(Coxsackievirus A16,COXa16)是輕度HFMD的主要致病因子。然而,已知一些EV71菌株與致命的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥有關(guān)[4-6]。近年來,許多HFMD暴發(fā)與新出現(xiàn)的腸道病毒有關(guān),包括COXa6,COXa8和COXa10[7]。這些腸道病毒與EV71和COXa16在許多HFMD暴發(fā)中共同傳播,其可能導(dǎo)致病毒共感染和基因組重組。目前,EV71和COXa16致病機(jī)制尚不十分清楚。越來越多的證據(jù)表明,炎癥細(xì)胞因子可能在EV71和COXa16發(fā)病中起核心作用[8]。白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)和白細(xì)胞介素-37(IL-37)均是機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)過程中的重要細(xì)胞因子,均在介導(dǎo)天然免疫炎癥反應(yīng)中起重要作用。目前,系統(tǒng)性研究EV71和COXa16感染HFMD患兒血清IL-6和IL-37水平的研究報(bào)道少見。本研究旨在分析IL-6和IL-37在EV71和COXa16感染HFMD患兒中的表達(dá)及其意義,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2012年1月1日~2017年12月31日我院兒科收治175例HFMD患兒作為研究對(duì)象,其中確診的單純EV71感染患兒100例,單純CoxA16感染患兒65例,EV71和CoxA16合并感染患兒10例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡30 d~12歲的HFMD患兒,HFMD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、分型參照《手足口病診療指南(2010年版)》[9]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):麻疹、口腔潰瘍、口腔炎、水痘等非HFMD的其他出疹性疾病。EV71組中,男61例,女39例;平均月齡(21.1±4.3)個(gè)月;平均中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值(4.2±1.4)×109/L;平均單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值(0.4±0.2)×109/L;重癥29例,輕癥71例;高血壓20例;皮疹92例;出冷汗27例;嘔吐28例;腦炎13例;高血糖21例;發(fā)熱>3 d 87例;呼吸機(jī)治療10例。CoxA16組中,男34例,女31例;平均月齡(19.3±3.7)個(gè)月;平均中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值(4.0±1.1)×109/L;平均單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值(0.4±0.1)×109/L;重癥10例,輕癥55例;高血壓15例;皮疹60例;出冷汗17例;嘔吐17例;腦炎5例;高血糖15例;發(fā)熱>3 d 50例;呼吸機(jī)治療5例。EV71合并CoxA16組中,男5例,女5例;平均月齡(19.7±2.3)個(gè)月;平均中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值(3.9±1.1)×109/L;平均單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值(0.4±0.1)×109/L;重癥4例,輕癥6例;高血壓2例;皮疹10例;出冷汗3例;嘔吐4例;腦炎2例;高血糖3例;發(fā)熱>3 d 7例;呼吸機(jī)治療1例。另外選取50例健康體檢兒童作為對(duì)照組。各組患兒的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患兒及對(duì)照組兒童家屬均簽署知情同意書,本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)。
1.2方法
1.2.1外周血中性粒細(xì)胞及單核細(xì)胞檢測(cè)? 采用全自動(dòng)血球分析儀檢測(cè)外周血中性粒細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值。
1.2.2酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(ELISA)檢測(cè)IL-6和IL-37水平? 采用LEGEND MAXTM Human IL-6 ELISA Kit (Biolegend公司)和Human IL-37 ELISA Kit(MyBiosource公司)檢測(cè)血清IL-6和IL-37水平,具體操作步驟參見試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布者轉(zhuǎn)換為正態(tài)分布后行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 HFDM組與對(duì)照組IL-6、IL-37水平的比較
EV71組、CoxA16組及EV71合并CoxA16組的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.810,P<0.0001;t=2.911,P=0.0043;t=2.748,P=0.0080;t=7.693,P<0.0001;t=3.487,P=0.0007;t=5.272,P<0.0001);EV71組的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于CoxA16組和EV71合并CoxA16組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.386,P=0.0009;t=4.816,P<0.0001;t=1.324,P=0.0410;t=1.337,P=0.0350);CoxA16組與EV71合并CoxA16組的IL-6、IL-37水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.003,P=0.3183;t=1.410,P=0.1613;t=1.234,P=0.2167;t=1.098,P=0.3011)(表1)。
2.2 HFDM組重癥患兒與輕癥患兒IL-6、IL-37水平的比較
EV71組重癥患兒的IL-6、IL-37水平均高于輕癥患兒,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);CoxA16組、EV71合并CoxA16組重癥患兒與輕癥患兒的IL-6、IL-37水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.3相關(guān)性分析
Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,EV71組IL-6與IL-37水平成正相關(guān)(r=0.314,P<0.01);EV71組IL-6與外周血單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值成正相關(guān)(r=0.298,P<0.05);EV71組IL-37水平與外周血中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值成正相關(guān)(r=0.257,P<0.05)。CoxA16組、EV71合并CoxA16組IL-6與IL-37水平均無相關(guān)性(r=0.089,P>0.05;r=0.064,P>0.05)。
3討論
HFMD是一種常見的傳染病,學(xué)齡前兒童多見,通常HFMD是自限性的,但少數(shù)兒童可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥,如腦膜炎,腦炎,急性弛緩性麻痹(AFP)和神經(jīng)呼吸綜合征。HFMD通常由EV71和CoxA16感染引起。免疫系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜和協(xié)調(diào)的網(wǎng)絡(luò),其動(dòng)態(tài)平衡維持機(jī)體健康。在微生物入侵后,炎癥介質(zhì)通過一系列途徑在“級(jí)聯(lián)”中產(chǎn)生,這導(dǎo)致全身性炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征。過量產(chǎn)生炎癥介質(zhì)可能導(dǎo)致組織和器官損傷。因此,機(jī)體需產(chǎn)生各種抗炎介質(zhì)以抑制過度的炎癥反應(yīng)并保護(hù)身體免受免疫損傷。促炎和抗炎介質(zhì)共存于感染誘導(dǎo)的免疫應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中,兩者的生長(zhǎng)、衰退和平衡決定了傳染病的進(jìn)化、發(fā)展和預(yù)后。本研究評(píng)估了EV71和COXa16感染HFMD患兒血清IL-6和IL-37水平變化,試圖比較不同EV71和CoxA16感染引起HFMD患兒機(jī)體免疫的差異,結(jié)果顯示,EV71組、CoxA16組及EV71合并CoxA16組的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);EV71組的IL-6、IL-37水平均顯著高于CoxA16組、EV71合并CoxA16組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);CoxA16組與EV71合并CoxA16組的IL-6、IL-37水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。提示EV71感染和CoxA16感染后激活了不同機(jī)體免疫過程。此外,在EV71感染HFMD患兒中,血清IL-6和IL-37水平與患兒癥狀輕重程度有關(guān),而CoxA16感染患兒和EV71合并CoxA16感染HFMD患兒中,血清IL-6和IL-37水平與患兒輕重癥程度無關(guān)。提示EV71感染激活的機(jī)體免疫可能與IL-6和IL-37有關(guān)。
近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外多數(shù)研究人員亦發(fā)現(xiàn)HFMD患兒可能存在多種細(xì)胞因子分泌紊亂。Han等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)HFMD患兒外周血及腦脊液中IL-6、IL-1β、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干擾素(IFN-γ)等炎性細(xì)胞因子升高與EV71感染并發(fā)腦干腦炎有關(guān)。Zhang等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn)HFMD患兒外周血GM-CSF、MIP-1β、IL-2、IL-33、IL-23分泌升高與EV71感染并發(fā)神經(jīng)損傷有關(guān)。Ye等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)EV71感染重癥HFMD患兒血漿和腦脊髓液中IL-6、IL-8和IP-10含量均顯著升高。Chen等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn)EV71感染患兒血清IL-6、IL-10和IL-13水平顯著提高,且與疾病臨床分期有關(guān)。以上結(jié)果均提示IL-6在EV71感染HFMD中極為重要。最近Cai等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與健康兒童相比,CoxA16感染HFMD患兒血清IL-6含量亦升高。不同于Cai等[14]報(bào)道,本研究中EV71感染HFMD患兒的血清IL-6含量均顯著高于CoxA16感染和EV71合并CoxA16感染HFMD患兒。Zhang等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)合并CoxA16感染相關(guān)腦炎中腦脊液IL-6含量低于單獨(dú)EV-71感染相關(guān)腦炎患兒的腦脊液水平,進(jìn)一步提示IL-6確實(shí)與不同類型的病毒感染有關(guān)。
IL-37過度產(chǎn)生與多種炎性或自身免疫過程相關(guān)。目前有關(guān)IL-37在不同病毒感染類型HFMD患兒血清中表達(dá)的研究比較少見。本研究結(jié)果顯示,HFMD患兒血清IL-37含量顯著升高,且EV71感染HFMD患兒血清IL-37含量均顯著高于CoxA16感染HFMD患兒。Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,EV71感染HFMD患兒血清IL-6與IL-37水平成正相關(guān)(P<0.05);EV71感染HFMD患兒血清IL-6水平與外周血單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值成正相關(guān)(P<0.05);EV71感染HFMD患兒血清IL-37水平與外周血中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值成正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。然而,CoxA16感染HFMD患兒和EV71合并CoxA16感染HFMD患兒血清IL-6與IL-37水平均無相關(guān)性(P>0.05),提示IL-6和IL-37可能在EV71感染HFMD患兒發(fā)病過程中具有協(xié)同作用,而在CoxA16感染HFMD患兒和EV71合并CoxA16感染HFMD患兒發(fā)病過程中無明顯協(xié)同作用,但具體機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步深入研究。
綜上所述,IL-6和IL-37參與了EV71和COXa16感染所致HFMD發(fā)病的病理生理過程,并與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-14? 本文編輯:任秀蘭)