陳翔宇 繆炳榮 雒耀祥 蔣釧應(yīng) 楊樹(shù)旺
摘 要:為了研究車(chē)下吊掛設(shè)備對(duì)高速列車(chē)車(chē)體彈性振動(dòng)的影響,文章搭建了車(chē)體與吊掛設(shè)備的剛?cè)狁詈洗瓜騽?dòng)力學(xué)模型,通過(guò)對(duì)比剛?cè)狁詈夏P秃投鄤傮w模型的加速度功率譜密度研究了車(chē)體柔性對(duì)車(chē)輛垂向振動(dòng)特性的影響;通過(guò)控制變量法改變吊掛設(shè)備的懸掛參數(shù),分析了不同的懸掛系統(tǒng)頻率、懸掛系統(tǒng)阻尼比和懸掛質(zhì)量對(duì)車(chē)體中心位置的加速度幅頻特性的影響;最后,將吊掛設(shè)備視為動(dòng)力吸振器,采用Jacquot動(dòng)力吸振器參數(shù)優(yōu)化理論對(duì)懸掛參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明,合理的選擇吊掛設(shè)備的懸掛參數(shù)可以有效的抑制的車(chē)體彈性振動(dòng)。
關(guān)鍵詞:吊掛設(shè)備;功率譜密度;幅頻特性;DVA
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):U270.1+1 ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ?文章編號(hào):1671-7988(2019)12-99-07
Abstract: In order to study the influence of suspended devices on the elastic vibration of high-speed railway vehicle, this paper builds a rigid-flexible coupled vertical dynamics model of vehicle body and suspension equipment. Firstly, by com -pares the acceleration power spectrum of rigid-flexible coupling model and multi-rigid model, the effects of vehicle body flexibility on vertical vibration of vehicle has been studied; Secondly, the suspension parameters of the suspended devices are changed, such as the frequency of suspension systems, the damping ratio of the suspension system and the suspension mass, then, the acceleration amplitude and frequency characteristics of to the center position of the vehicle body has been analyzed. Finally, the suspension equipment is regarded as the dynamic vibration absorber. The optimization of the suspension parame -ters by JACQUOT dynamic vibration absorber parameter optimization theory shows that the suspension parameters of the suspension equipment can effectively suppress the elastic vibration of the vehicle body.
Keywords: suspended devices; power spectral density; amplitude-frequency characteristics; DVA
CLC NO.: U270.1+1 ?Document Code: A ?Article ID: 1671-7988(2019)12-99-07
引言
與其他交通工具相比,高速列車(chē)的速度和舒適度是其最重要的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。但隨著車(chē)輛運(yùn)行速度的提高及車(chē)體輕量化導(dǎo)致的剛度不足等問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),車(chē)體自身的彈性振動(dòng)對(duì)車(chē)輛運(yùn)行品質(zhì)的影響越來(lái)越顯著。鐵道車(chē)輛車(chē)體振動(dòng)可分為剛性和彈性?xún)煞N模態(tài)。影響垂向乘坐舒適性的剛性模態(tài)是沉浮,俯仰和滾轉(zhuǎn)模態(tài),這些模態(tài)通常位于1 Hz左右的相對(duì)較低的頻率范圍內(nèi)[1];彈性模態(tài)是指車(chē)體的扭曲和彎曲變形模態(tài),影響到垂向乘坐舒適性的彈性模態(tài)大多數(shù)是一階彈性模態(tài),這種模態(tài)經(jīng)常發(fā)生在接近4到10 Hz的頻率范圍內(nèi),而人類(lèi)往往對(duì)此頻率十分敏感[2]。為了體現(xiàn)車(chē)體的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)過(guò)程,必須考慮車(chē)體的彈性振動(dòng)。此外,彈性振動(dòng)除了會(huì)導(dǎo)致列車(chē)乘客對(duì)特定頻率范圍內(nèi)的振動(dòng)十分敏感,影響到其乘坐舒適度,同時(shí)也可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致車(chē)體疲勞,影響到車(chē)輛的動(dòng)態(tài)性能和使用壽命[3][4]。
國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)于彈性車(chē)體的垂向振動(dòng)特性做了大量研究,Dumitriu M、Carlbom等人對(duì)軌道車(chē)輛的車(chē)體結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行了全面研究。這些研究通過(guò)搭建數(shù)值仿真模型來(lái)模擬研究了車(chē)體結(jié)構(gòu)在不同等級(jí)的軌面激勵(lì)作用下的彈性振動(dòng)以及乘坐舒適度的差異[5][6][7];Diana G等人對(duì)主要影響車(chē)體舒適性能的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)特定的軌道波長(zhǎng)和車(chē)速可能會(huì)對(duì)車(chē)體模態(tài)的振動(dòng)水平產(chǎn)生重大影響[8]。周勁松等人建立了包含結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼的鐵道車(chē)輛垂向剛?cè)狁詈蟿?dòng)力學(xué)模型,并運(yùn)用該模型,采用基于虛擬激勵(lì)法的快速平穩(wěn)性算法,研究了鐵道客車(chē)車(chē)體彈性對(duì)運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)車(chē)體彈性低至一定數(shù)值時(shí),將導(dǎo)致車(chē)體強(qiáng)烈振動(dòng),運(yùn)行速度越高,對(duì)車(chē)體的剛性要求越高[9]。宮島等人建立了包含車(chē)體彈性的鐵道車(chē)輛垂向剛?cè)狁詈舷到y(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,提出了基于格林函數(shù)法的車(chē)輛系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)偏微分方程求解方法,計(jì)算獲得車(chē)體振動(dòng)加速度功率譜及車(chē)輛運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)性,分析了幾何濾波與車(chē)體彈性共振的關(guān)系[10]。
安裝在車(chē)體底架上的吊掛設(shè)備是影響乘客乘坐舒適性的關(guān)鍵部件,因?yàn)樗麄冑|(zhì)量往往很大,吊掛設(shè)備與車(chē)體之間的耦合振動(dòng)能夠?qū)?chē)體的振動(dòng)模態(tài)產(chǎn)生顯著的影響。鄔平波等人建立了一個(gè)剛?cè)狁詈系能?chē)輛系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,根據(jù)梁的模態(tài)分析理論對(duì)設(shè)備的懸架參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。另外,還從車(chē)體模態(tài)的角度分析了底架設(shè)備的懸架參數(shù)與車(chē)體模態(tài)頻率之間的關(guān)系[11]。Sun W等人建立了鐵道車(chē)輛與車(chē)下懸掛設(shè)備的剛?cè)狁詈洗瓜騽?dòng)力學(xué)模型,并利用該模型,采用協(xié)方差法分析了吊掛設(shè)備的不同懸掛方法對(duì)高速列車(chē)運(yùn)行質(zhì)量的影響。[12]。但是上述研究少有將吊掛設(shè)備視為動(dòng)力吸振器設(shè)備(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)DVA),并利用DVA的特性消減彈性車(chē)體(歐拉伯努利梁)彈性振動(dòng)的相關(guān)研究。
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