李繼明 李蓓 戴梓寧
【摘 要】 目的:探討影響無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者再次獻(xiàn)血的相關(guān)因素及招募策略。方法:在2016年7月至2018年9月期間無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者600例作研究對(duì)象:將獻(xiàn)血一次后未再次獻(xiàn)血者設(shè)為對(duì)照組(n=351),將再次獻(xiàn)血者設(shè)為研究組(n=249);應(yīng)用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查方式分析無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血知識(shí)掌握情況、獻(xiàn)血意愿和動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者再次獻(xiàn)血的影響,采取統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件比較臨床數(shù)據(jù),并對(duì)此提出無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血招募策略。結(jié)果:①研究組獻(xiàn)血者中具有自愿無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血意愿者比率高于對(duì)照組(x2=18.216,P=0.000),拒絕再次無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血意愿的比率低于對(duì)照組(x2=25.088,P=0.000),②研究組中因方便自己用血、單位規(guī)定而作無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血行為者比率低于對(duì)照組(x2=51.595、40.781,P=0.000),因社會(huì)榮譽(yù)而獻(xiàn)血者比率高于對(duì)照組(x2=44.124,P=0.000);③研究組獻(xiàn)血中有無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血不影響健康、得知無(wú)需進(jìn)補(bǔ)、知道獻(xiàn)血隔半年認(rèn)知者比率高于對(duì)照組(x2=6.144、6.588、7.939,P=0.065),而知道自我排除者比率低于對(duì)照組(x2=66.559,P=0.000)。結(jié)論:無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血知識(shí)掌握情況、獻(xiàn)血意愿和動(dòng)機(jī)均可影響無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者再次獻(xiàn)血,加強(qiáng)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血相關(guān)知識(shí)宣教、保留主要獻(xiàn)血團(tuán)體,對(duì)于招募無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血隊(duì)伍有重大裨益。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血;再次獻(xiàn)血;相關(guān)因素;招募策略;知識(shí)宣教
【中圖分類號(hào)】R192.6
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1005-0019(2019)12-022-02
Abstract Objective:to explore the related factors and recruitment strategies affecting the second blood donation of unpaid blood donors. Methods: from July 2016 to September 2018, 600 cases of unpaid blood donors were studied. Those who did not donate blood again after the first donation were set as the control group (n=351), and those who donated blood again were set as the research group (n=249). Questionnaire survey was used to analyze the influence of knowledge, willingness and motivation of blood donation on the second blood donation of unpaid blood donors. Statistical software was used to compare clinical data, and the recruitment strategy of unpaid blood donation was proposed. Results: (1) the ratio of the team in a voluntary unpaid blood donors to blood donation willingness is higher than the control group (2 = 18.216, P = 0.000), refused to the will of unpaid blood donation again ratio is lower than the control group (2 = 25.088, P = 0.000), (2) convenient for their blood, unit in team, and the ratio of unpaid blood donors blood donation behavior is lower than the control group (2 = 51.595, 40.781, P = 0.000), blood donors by social honor ratio is higher than the control group (2 = 44.124, P = 0.000). (3) In the study group, the percentages of those who donated blood without compensation without affecting their health, knew that they did not need supplement and knew that the interval between half a year was higher than those in the control group. (x2=6.144, 6.588, 7.939, P=0.065),The rate of knowing self-exclusion was lower than that of the control group (x2=66.559, P=0.000). Conclusion:the knowledge of blood donation without compensation, willingness and motivation of blood donation can all influence unpaid blood donors to donate blood again. Strengthening the education of knowledge related to blood donation without compensation and retaining the main blood donation groups are of great benefit to the recruitment of unpaid blood donation teams.
Key words:voluntary blood donation; Second blood donation; Related factors; Recruitment strategy; Knowledge education
無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血,指的是自愿將自身血液無(wú)償奉獻(xiàn)于需要輸血治療者,屬于社會(huì)公益事業(yè)[1]。據(jù)報(bào)道[2],無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血會(huì)受獻(xiàn)血者意愿、動(dòng)機(jī)、知識(shí)掌握程度而受影響。為驗(yàn)證上述觀點(diǎn)正確性,開(kāi)展了本次分組對(duì)照試驗(yàn),分析影響無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者再次獻(xiàn)血的相關(guān)因素,并據(jù)此提出招募策略,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料 納入無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者600例作研究對(duì)象,納入時(shí)間是2016年7月至2018年9月,將其按照獻(xiàn)血后第1年內(nèi)有無(wú)再次獻(xiàn)血行為分成對(duì)照組、研究組,分別是351例、249例。其中,對(duì)照組獻(xiàn)血者為獻(xiàn)血一次后未再次獻(xiàn)血者:男175例,女176例;年齡為18~54歲,平均年齡為(37.49±4.87)歲;文化程度:小學(xué)64例,中學(xué)153例,大學(xué)134例;研究組獻(xiàn)血者為獻(xiàn)血一次后再次獻(xiàn)血者:男91例,女90例;年齡為20~54歲,平均年齡為(37.79±4.35)歲;文化程度:小學(xué)33例,中學(xué)120例,大學(xué)28例;兩組獻(xiàn)血者除獻(xiàn)血后第1年內(nèi)獻(xiàn)血行為不通過(guò),其余資料信息如年齡、文化程度和性別分布等均保持了同質(zhì)性(P>0.05)。
1.2 研究方法 應(yīng)用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查方式,掌握獻(xiàn)血者基本信息、獻(xiàn)血過(guò)程中的感受、獻(xiàn)血意愿、獻(xiàn)血?jiǎng)訖C(jī),獲得相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),采取統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件包20.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。本研究共發(fā)放問(wèn)卷600份,回收問(wèn)卷600分,回收率100.00%,且全部問(wèn)卷均填寫(xiě)有效。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件包,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異表示為P<0.05:(%)行x2檢驗(yàn)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血意愿對(duì)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血行為影響 研究組獻(xiàn)血者中具有自愿無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血意愿者比率高于對(duì)照組,拒絕再次無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血意愿的比率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),而2組在被同伴激勵(lì)組團(tuán)獻(xiàn)血意愿上的比率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)表1.
2.2 無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血?jiǎng)訖C(jī)對(duì)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血行為影響 研究組中因方便自己用血、單位規(guī)定而作無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血行為者比率低于對(duì)照組,因社會(huì)榮譽(yù)而獻(xiàn)血者比率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),而在奉獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心方面的比率無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)表2.
2.3 無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血知識(shí)掌握程度對(duì)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血行為影響 研究組獻(xiàn)血中有無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血不影響健康、得知無(wú)需進(jìn)補(bǔ)、知道獻(xiàn)血隔半年認(rèn)知者比率高于對(duì)照組,而知道自我排除者比率低于對(duì)照組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表2.
3 討論
無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血在全球醫(yī)療體系中均占據(jù)重要地位,而我國(guó)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血工作依然處于發(fā)展階段,血液需求量較大,而獻(xiàn)血者人數(shù)不足[2]。據(jù)報(bào)道[3~5],獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血后第一年內(nèi)再次獻(xiàn)血,對(duì)獻(xiàn)血者本人有益,可促使其養(yǎng)成定期獻(xiàn)血行為,但相當(dāng)部分獻(xiàn)血者在獻(xiàn)血后第1年內(nèi)無(wú)再次獻(xiàn)血行為。
鑒于此,筆者認(rèn)為有必要分析影響無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者再次獻(xiàn)血的相關(guān)因素,從而調(diào)整招募策略,以促進(jìn)獻(xiàn)血者定期獻(xiàn)血,補(bǔ)充國(guó)內(nèi)血庫(kù)庫(kù)存,并因此展開(kāi)本次回顧性研究,結(jié)果提示:無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血后第1年內(nèi)再次獻(xiàn)血者有無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血不影響健康、指導(dǎo)自我排除、知道獻(xiàn)血隔半年認(rèn)知者較多,因社會(huì)榮譽(yù)而獻(xiàn)血者較多,有自愿無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血意愿者較多,可見(jiàn)獻(xiàn)血?jiǎng)訖C(jī)、意愿和知識(shí)掌握確實(shí)對(duì)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血行為有影響。因此,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血知識(shí)宣傳,告知眾人無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血所獲得的社會(huì)榮譽(yù),鼓勵(lì)人們自愿獻(xiàn)血。
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