王俊梅
語法填空,我們都知道是對語法知識的綜合考察,掌握正確的語法知識是必須的,而且要放在語言環(huán)境中反復練習,我們的考察有對話和語篇填空兩種。所以對語言環(huán)境的理解更是必不可少的,在此筆者不多贅述。我主要想說的是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)以及掌握一定的規(guī)律使得語法填空臻于完美。我們都知道,空缺分純空和從括號中往出移兩種。下面就這兩個問題我們探討一下有什么規(guī)律可循。
一、純空
好多參考書上以及老師們就這個問題,會籠統(tǒng)地說,純空上可以填“冠詞,介詞,連詞,代詞。”其實還可以更明確些。
1介詞和冠詞的問題,看下面例。
1) Soon_________ whole city was flooded.
2) While taking part in _____ important race in 1987, he began to notice the huge amount of rubbish in the worlds oceans.
3) ______ the past, we didnt have enough food.
4) _______ the help of him, I overcame the difficult.
5) Drive time becomes safe_________ outside distractions.
分析:前兩句中the whole city是主語,an important race是賓語,一般主語,賓語,表語中的純空考察冠詞居多。后三句中in the past/with the help of him/without outside distraction ,這些短語都是做狀語的,而且已經(jīng)具備冠詞。所以缺介詞,冠詞方面其實考察a/an的情況也好總結。一個是h開頭的,一個是u開頭的單詞。第三就是數(shù)次an eighteen-year-old boy 還有幾個特殊的, a success. A failure ,a full moon , a big surprise , a smile, 以及catch the thief by the arm/ be paid by the hour,the same,否定意義的介詞只有without
2有關連詞和代詞的問題,看下面例子
1)Is this natural,________ are we to blame?
分析;前后兩句都是完整的句子,只要弄清楚兩句之間的關系就可以了,這種情況需要的是連接詞。(so, therefore, thus/ but , however ,or , otherwise)
2)The high temperatures also make more water enter the air ,______ in turn results in
3)_______ he said surprised me most.
分析;這句后半句是不太完整的從句,缺失句子成分,所以需要從句引導詞
當然,涉及到從句時要分清是何種從句,這個很重要。好多孩子主要是分不清那種從句。
3 The holiday is coming, I still dont know where to go.
在疑問句和否定句中,純空和不定式之間往往需要wh-詞 (特殊疑問詞加不定式在句中充當主語,賓語,和表語)
二、往出移動的詞
(一)動詞
1 實意動詞
1)We________(witness) many extreme weather events over the years.
2)I___________________(look) down upon since I was a pupil.
3)The rising water rushed into the cars on the roads,_______(cause) 16 deaths.
4)___________(inspire) by the success of his project , he started an even bigger progress.
分析:往出移動動詞時要分析,缺謂語,就要考慮時態(tài),語態(tài),語氣需要往出移動的動詞都不是充當謂語的,就要考慮v-ing/, done,/ to do
也要考慮having done, having been done to be doing , to have done, to have been done)
2 感官動詞(一般是考察賓語補足語)
賓語補足語----- 主動(-ing或省去to的不定式)和被動(done)
1) I often hear him_________( sing) in the next room.
2)The boss makes him __________(work) for 12 hours a day.
3 情態(tài)動詞—通??疾?情態(tài)動詞+have done 和情態(tài)動詞+ be done
例如
1)He must ___________(pass) the exam, for he was so pleased.
2)This problem can __________(solve) in this way.
4系動詞
1) Most scientists agree human activity is also __________ (responsibility)
2) I am afraid that she is________ ___ ( endangered) her health.
分析系動詞(包括get/become后 要不就用形容詞,要不就是v-ing表進行 或done表被動
5 說一下動詞被動 看下面三個例句
1)The food ____________ (make) by expert.
2)The food ______________ by expert is delicious.
3)_________ (misunderstand) is very annoying.
分析 這三句都表被動,做謂語時用be done(根據(jù)時態(tài)做相應的變化) 做定、狀、補語時用done 主語、賓語、表語時being done
(二)形容詞
1)He started an even __________ (big) program. ( a bit, a little, even .much, far.)
I find the background ____________ (strange) unreal.
2)The Yangzi River is the third _________ (long) river in the world.
形容詞 往出移動時要考慮變比較級,最高級,和副詞
注意: ( true ,whole去e加ly . -ble/-ple/-tle結尾的去e加y)
(三) 名詞 (考慮復數(shù)問題以及所有格)
For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing ___________ (compete)(四) 代詞
1 It 作形式主語和形式賓語
I find _____ easy to deal with the problem In this way.(常用于此結構的動詞make/ consider/think)
分析 只要具備以下格式就可以考慮用it
① 主語+ 謂語+___________ 賓補(n/ pron. /v-ing/. done)+to do 或that 從句
②_________ +謂語+賓語+to do 或that 從句
2 反身代詞
we should take failure as a chance to learn and improve ___________(we)
以上是筆者根據(jù)多年的教學經(jīng)驗不斷總結而成,語法填空還有好多值得我們研究的地方,比如時態(tài)的??键c,相信每個教師都有研究,也有自己獨特的方法傳授給學生。在此不再贅述。在平時的教學中,我們要手勤點,隨時總結起來,也可以讓學生自己總結。力求最大限度地減少失分。
筆者在總結過程中難免有不準確的以及不完善的地方,歡迎大家交流指正。