洪韶山
摘要:語(yǔ)法填空是近年來(lái)全國(guó)高考卷新推出的一種題型,對(duì)于該題型,教師應(yīng)如何進(jìn)行有效的復(fù)習(xí),提高應(yīng)試能力,達(dá)到事半功倍的效果呢?本文結(jié)合筆者對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空題解題技巧做了一些探究。
關(guān)鍵詞:高考語(yǔ)法;填空題;解題技巧
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G632.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2018)05-0114
先來(lái)看一下最近2年全國(guó)高考語(yǔ)法填空題的考點(diǎn)分布情況統(tǒng)計(jì):名詞6,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞13,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞10,動(dòng)詞變名4,形容詞變副詞或比較級(jí)7,代詞2,介詞6,冠詞5,定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞4,并列連詞1,狀語(yǔ)從句連詞2。
針對(duì)以上分析,筆者詳細(xì)梳理了近2年全國(guó)卷的相關(guān)考點(diǎn),并加以歸納,與讀者分享。
一、名詞:名詞的考查主要是把名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
1. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister...(days,2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
2. This trend,...has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as...(effects,2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
二、動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞主要考查動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)形式和非謂語(yǔ)形式,以及動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形式
語(yǔ)法填空由于題型的限制,謂語(yǔ)形式往往考查過(guò)去時(shí)(did)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式(does),或者考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(be done)。平時(shí)應(yīng)注意掌握動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的不規(guī)則變化。
考例:When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.(are removed, 2017全國(guó)Ⅰ)
非謂語(yǔ)形式往往考查doing(being done),done,to do三種形式,在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)后,其余提示的動(dòng)詞往往屬于非謂語(yǔ)考點(diǎn),考生要注意分析句子成分,判斷所填動(dòng)詞的正確形式(V-ing表主動(dòng),V-ed表被動(dòng),to do表未發(fā)生);有些是固定搭配需要考生熟練掌握。
1. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat.(to process,2017全國(guó)Ⅰ)
2. By 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(eating, 2017全國(guó)Ⅰ)
3. I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit)to film a special unit. (permitted,2016全國(guó)Ⅰ)
動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形式近幾年有所考查,常見(jiàn)如:choose→choice,decide→decision,succeed→success,explain→explanation,discover→discovery
考例:
1. ... youll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve).(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
2. ...the great Chinese scholar Confucius,...,influenced the
48 (develop) of chopsticks.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)
三、形容詞:主要考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞或形容詞比較級(jí)的應(yīng)用
變化為形容詞應(yīng)注意如下規(guī)則:1. 絕大多數(shù)輔音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-ly。如:polite-politely; wide-widely;2. 少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly,如:true-truly;3. 以輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí),去e加y,如: simple-simply;terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly;probable-probably;4. 以“y”結(jié)尾的,先將“y”改成“i”,再加“l(fā)y”,如:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily。
形容詞的比較級(jí)應(yīng)注意一些不規(guī)則變化形式:bad→worse, good/well→better,little→less,many/much→more,判斷比較級(jí)的應(yīng)用要注意比較是否有對(duì)象(than)或者其他提示(even,much,a little修飾)。
四、代詞:主要考查形容詞性物主代詞,名詞性物主代詞,反身代詞的正確形式
此時(shí)往往有單詞提示;如果沒(méi)有提示,最??疾閕t的用法
考例:I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.(its,2016全國(guó)Ⅰ)
五、介詞:沒(méi)有提示,往往考查固定搭配
??糹n,at,on,for,by, to,of,from, with, without 等
1. ...which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,...(as,2017全國(guó)Ⅰ)
2. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.(to,2016全國(guó)Ⅰ)
六、冠詞:沒(méi)有提示,往往考查固定搭配
1. ...while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects. (the, 2016全國(guó)Ⅰ)
七、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞
1. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,
70 is not good for the health.(which,2017全國(guó)Ⅰ)
八、并列連詞
主要考查and,but,or,so,while,both...and,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(and,2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)
九、狀語(yǔ)從句連詞
??嫉倪B詞有when,if,unless,before,as等
So get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. (as,2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
十、名詞性從句
??贾髡Z(yǔ)從句的what, 賓語(yǔ)從句的if/whether
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(how, 2015全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
語(yǔ)法填空作為一種新穎的題型,能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十個(gè)考點(diǎn)概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向,在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用,真正做到事半功倍,可較大地提高學(xué)生在此題型上的得分率。
(作者單位:福建省南安市第三中學(xué) 362300)