于南南
【摘 要】在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,聽說(shuō)讀寫四項(xiàng)技能,寫的難度是最大的。寫作是一種思維活動(dòng),是學(xué)生表達(dá)思想的方式。寫作能力訓(xùn)練是發(fā)展學(xué)生思維能力和表達(dá)能力的有效途徑,也是衡量教學(xué)效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。在高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,寫作課教學(xué)模式也是容易被人忽視的。小組活動(dòng),作為一種有效的教學(xué)方式已經(jīng)越來(lái)越受到重視。因此,把小組活動(dòng)與高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)相結(jié)合,可以全面提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作能力,發(fā)展英語(yǔ)核心素養(yǎng)。下面以一節(jié)寫作課Write A Book Review(撰寫書評(píng))為例,將我在本節(jié)課中的小組活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)與大家分享,希望起到拋磚引玉的作用,引起大家對(duì)此話題的思考與討論。
【關(guān)鍵詞】高中英語(yǔ);寫作課;小組活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)
本節(jié)課的教學(xué)過(guò)程分為寫作前、寫作中、寫作后三個(gè)階段。相應(yīng)地,小組活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)也緊密圍繞這三個(gè)階段而展開。
一、寫作前信息輸入:話題導(dǎo)入→范文閱讀→范文分析
Step I Lead-in
There is an old Chinese saying:“Read ten thousand books, travel ten thousand miles.” Maybe it is possible for someone to travel ten thousand miles, but can anyone really read ten thousand books?
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)中國(guó)古語(yǔ):“讀萬(wàn)卷書,行萬(wàn)里路”。引出行萬(wàn)里路易,讀萬(wàn)卷書難的事實(shí),從而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀書評(píng)這種方式達(dá)到博覽群書的目的。
Step II Before Writing
1.Read an example.
The Old Man and the Sea, a world- famous novel, was written by American author Ernest Hemingway.
The novel vividly describes an old fisherman called Santiago. At first, Santiago was looked down upon by others because of his fruitless efforts in fishing. In the end, he proved his ability and won others respect by catching a large marlin and fighting with many sharks. The Old Man and the Sea was such a great work that it won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature for it in 1954.
What the novel impresses me most is the bravery and determination Santiago showed when faced with great difficulty. He is a real hero and the perseverance is exactly what we should learn from him today.
2. Analyze the example.
(1) The structure of the essay:
How many parts are there of the essay? Whats the main idea of each part?
(2) The language of the easy:
When writing a book review, we can use the present/ past tense and the third person.
(3) The outline of the book review and some useful expressions.
Introduction Part:
… a world- famous novel, was written by…
…,which was one of the most well-known novels in the world, was written by…
Plot Part:
…vividly describes…
At first…In the end…
The main character of the novel was… who…
The story goes like this…
Achievement Part:
…was such a great work that it won the Pulitzer Prize.
…won the Nobel Prize in Literature…
Opinion Part:
What the novel impresses me most is…
The reason why it is my favorite novel is that…
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在寫作前,通過(guò)閱讀范文《老人與?!返臅u(píng),學(xué)生兩兩一組總結(jié)段落大意,指出書評(píng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),分為Introduction,Plot,Achievement,Opinion四部分。針對(duì)這四部分,分別在范文中勾畫出有用的表達(dá)方式并通過(guò)進(jìn)一步的頭腦風(fēng)暴,想出更多地句型,使學(xué)生對(duì)書評(píng)這一體裁在結(jié)構(gòu)形式和語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容上,形成一定的知識(shí)建構(gòu),為接下來(lái)的寫作奠定基礎(chǔ)。
二、寫作中信息輸出:構(gòu)思→寫提綱→起草→校訂成文
Step III While-writing
1.Discuss and choose one favorite book.(Chinese/ English)
2.Discuss and write down the outline of your book review.
3. Write a book review.
When writing, pay attention to the follow aspects:
(1)The content should be true and complete.
(2)The structure should be well organized and smoothly developed. Pay attention to the linking words.
(3)The language should have no grammatical mistakes, with exact spelling and relatively changed sentence patterns.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在寫作中,采取小組討論的方法,確定一本寫作的書籍后,擬定提綱。在此過(guò)程中,學(xué)生需針對(duì)自己組內(nèi)商定的書籍,將相應(yīng)的信息填充到下面的表格當(dāng)中。注意提綱內(nèi)容為關(guān)鍵的詞匯或者短語(yǔ),而非具體的句子。
三、寫作后修改評(píng)價(jià):自改互改→講評(píng)例文→總結(jié)歸納→小組評(píng)價(jià)→作業(yè)
Step IV Post-writing
1.Correct your composition in groups.
2.Improve your own composition.
3.Display the composition before the class.
Step V Homework
Polish your essay after class. We will have a presentation next class.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在寫作后,通過(guò)自改和小組內(nèi)互改的形式,發(fā)現(xiàn)并更正錯(cuò)誤。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主與合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力,間接地鞏固和加深語(yǔ)法知識(shí),發(fā)展學(xué)生思維能力。接下來(lái)小組內(nèi)交流,選出最想展示的作品。全班學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下,講評(píng)例文,從作文內(nèi)容的完整性,結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范性,語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性、豐富性、思想性等方面進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。
在此過(guò)程中有以下需要注意的幾點(diǎn):
1.小組內(nèi)互改時(shí),教師要提醒學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)作文的基本要求。寫作的優(yōu)劣取決于內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)格技巧的運(yùn)用。一篇好的文章應(yīng)該結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語(yǔ)言流暢、整體統(tǒng)一、和諧連貫、內(nèi)容充實(shí)簡(jiǎn)潔。必要時(shí)可以把要求簡(jiǎn)要地寫在黑板上,使學(xué)生的互評(píng)有據(jù)可依。
2.組內(nèi)互評(píng)時(shí)要留下評(píng)價(jià)的痕跡,例如勾畫出突出的地方,改正語(yǔ)法和拼寫錯(cuò)誤等,為接下來(lái)講評(píng)例文做準(zhǔn)備。
3.講評(píng)例文時(shí),先由組內(nèi)成員說(shuō)明推薦其展示的原因,再調(diào)動(dòng)其他小組共同評(píng)價(jià),達(dá)到取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,合作學(xué)習(xí),共同交流的目的。
綜上所述,在英語(yǔ)寫作課教學(xué)中,寫作前通過(guò)兩兩一組總結(jié)文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容;寫作中小組討論提綱;寫作后小組內(nèi)互評(píng)互改,討論評(píng)價(jià)例文都是小組合作設(shè)計(jì)的具體體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然,小組活動(dòng)在英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)實(shí)施過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到很多的困難和挑戰(zhàn),在接下來(lái)的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,我會(huì)不斷地反思和總結(jié),使小組活動(dòng)更好地服務(wù)于英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
[1]王篤勤.英語(yǔ)教學(xué)策略論[M].外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,2002.5