徐田軍 呂天放 趙久然 王榮煥 陳傳永 劉月娥 劉秀芝 王元東 劉春閣

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玉米生產(chǎn)上3個(gè)主推品種光合特性、干物質(zhì)積累轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)及灌漿特性

徐田軍**呂天放**趙久然*王榮煥*陳傳永 劉月娥 劉秀芝 王元東 劉春閣

北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院玉米研究中心 / 玉米DNA指紋及分子育種北京重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 北京 100097

以當(dāng)前玉米生產(chǎn)主推品種鄭單958、先玉335和京科968為試驗(yàn)材料, 考察其光合特性、干物質(zhì)積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)及籽粒灌漿特性, 以揭示高產(chǎn)玉米品種的產(chǎn)量形成特性, 為玉米高產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)提供依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明: (1)產(chǎn)量以京科968最高、先玉335次之、鄭單958最低, 京科968分別較鄭單958和先玉335高14.55%和7.93%。(2)穗位葉凈光合速率和冠層光合能力表現(xiàn)為京科968>先玉335>鄭單958, 且吐絲期>乳熟期。京科968吐絲期和乳熟期的穗位葉凈光合速率分別比先玉335高7.84%和16.78%, 比鄭單958高22.23%和24.44%; 冠層光合能力分別較先玉335高38.77%和58.41%, 較鄭單958高50.83%和56.49%。(3)花后干物質(zhì)積累量、轉(zhuǎn)移量、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率和干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對(duì)籽粒貢獻(xiàn)率均以京科968最高, 分別比先玉335高13.72%、21.20%、6.32%和4.77%, 比鄭單958高31.87%、39.96%、18.49%和10.42%。(4)籽粒灌漿參數(shù)在不同品種間存在較大差異, 京科968與先玉335的平均灌漿速率(0.73和0.75 g 100-grain–1d–1)相當(dāng), 且均高于鄭單958 (0.67 g 100-grain–1d–1); 活躍灌漿期以鄭單958 (53.69 d)最長、京科968 (51.02 d)次之、先玉335 (48.95 d)最短。(5)相關(guān)分析表明, 產(chǎn)量與凈光合速率顯著正相關(guān), 與花后干物質(zhì)積累量及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率極顯著正相關(guān)。京科968具有較高的光合效率、花后干物質(zhì)積累量及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率、灌漿速率及較長的灌漿持續(xù)期, 是較鄭單958和先玉335高產(chǎn)的重要原因。

玉米; 光合特性; 干物質(zhì)積累轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn); 籽粒灌漿

玉米是我國種植面積最大、總產(chǎn)量最高的第一大糧食作物, 對(duì)保障國家糧食安全和滿足市場(chǎng)需要發(fā)揮著主力軍作用[1-2]。玉米產(chǎn)量主要取決于穗粒數(shù)和粒重[3], 而粒重與光合特性、干物質(zhì)積累分配、灌漿速率、灌漿持續(xù)期等密切相關(guān)[4-6]。

光合作用為作物的產(chǎn)量形成提供主要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)[7-8]。葉片是作物光合作用的主要場(chǎng)所, 90%的干物質(zhì)來自葉片的光合作用[9-10], 光合特性與產(chǎn)量密切相關(guān)[11-12]。提高玉米葉片的光合速率, 延長其光合有效功能期, 促進(jìn)光合產(chǎn)物積累及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn), 有利于提高粒重, 進(jìn)而增加產(chǎn)量[13-15]。光合產(chǎn)物對(duì)玉米籽粒干物質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)很大, 此外花前及花后臨時(shí)貯藏在莖葉鞘等營養(yǎng)器官中的干物質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)也很重要[16-17]。研究表明, 在一定范圍內(nèi)玉米干物質(zhì)積累量與產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān), 干物質(zhì)積累越多, 產(chǎn)量越高; 莖、葉、鞘等營養(yǎng)器官的干物質(zhì)積累、轉(zhuǎn)移與分配是玉米籽粒產(chǎn)量形成的重要因素, 其中葉片和苞葉的干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量對(duì)籽粒貢獻(xiàn)率較大, 莖鞘和穗軸的貢獻(xiàn)率相對(duì)較小[18-20]。玉米籽粒的灌漿持續(xù)期和灌漿速率決定了粒重和產(chǎn)量[21-22], 籽粒灌漿特性受播期[23-25]、密度[26]、肥料[27]等外部環(huán)境條件的影響, 但主要取決于品種的遺傳特性[28]。

目前, 圍繞我國玉米生產(chǎn)主推大品種的產(chǎn)量、光合效率、干物質(zhì)積累分配及灌漿特性等系統(tǒng)深入研究的相關(guān)報(bào)道還較少。本文就此展開深入研究, 旨在為解析玉米高產(chǎn)機(jī)制和指導(dǎo)玉米高產(chǎn)高效生產(chǎn)提供理論參考。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗(yàn)材料與地點(diǎn)

以我國玉米生產(chǎn)中種植面積66.7萬公頃以上的主推大品種鄭單958 (ZD958)、先玉335 (XY335)和京科968 (JK968)為試驗(yàn)材料。2015年和2016年, 在北京市昌平區(qū)國家精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技示范園區(qū)開展試驗(yàn), 兩年均于5月10日播種, 10月7日收獲。試驗(yàn)田土壤0~20 cm耕層含有機(jī)質(zhì)1.11%、全氮0.08%、有效氮65.6 μg g–1、速效磷65.2 μg g–1和速效鉀124.02 μg g–1。

1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

12行區(qū), 行長5 m, 行距0.60 m, 小區(qū)面積36 m2。隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列, 3次重復(fù)。留苗密度為67 500株hm–2。管理同當(dāng)?shù)卮筇锷a(chǎn)。

1.3 測(cè)定內(nèi)容及方法

1.3.1 葉面積指數(shù) 在三葉期、拔節(jié)期、大喇叭口期、吐絲期、乳熟期和成熟期測(cè)定每小區(qū)生長一致的6株。

葉面積=葉片最大長度×最大寬度×0.75

葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)=單株葉面積×單位土地面積株數(shù)/單位土地面積

1.3.2 葉片光合速率及氣體交換參數(shù)的測(cè)定 吐絲前選擇生長一致的植株掛牌標(biāo)記。分別在吐絲期和乳熟期, 用LI-6400XT光合測(cè)定儀測(cè)定穗位葉的凈光合速率(n, μmol CO2m–2s–1)。選擇晴朗天氣上午10:00—12:00, 測(cè)定每處理3株, 重復(fù)3次。采用開放式氣路, 穗位葉附近的CO2濃度為400 μmol mol–1左右, 光合有效輻射為1600 μmol m–2s–1。

1.3.3 冠層光合能力 冠層光合能力是凈光合速率和葉面積指數(shù)的綜合反映。冠層光合能力=凈光合速率(n)×葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)[29]。

1.3.4 干物質(zhì)積累、分配及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) 吐絲期和成熟期, 取代表性植株5株, 吐絲期按莖、葉、鞘, 成熟期按莖、葉、鞘、雌穗(穗軸、苞葉和籽粒)分別進(jìn)行處理。105℃殺青30 min, 然后80℃烘干至恒重, 分別稱重。計(jì)算單株玉米器官干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率等[30]。

花后干物質(zhì)積累量(kg hm–2) = 成熟期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量?吐絲期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量

干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移量(kg hm–2) = 吐絲期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量?成熟期地上部營養(yǎng)器官干物質(zhì)積累量

干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率(%) = 干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移量/吐絲期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量×100

干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率(%)=干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移量/籽粒干重×100

收獲指數(shù)=籽粒產(chǎn)量/收獲時(shí)總干物質(zhì)重

1.3.5 籽粒灌漿參數(shù) 吐絲前選擇生長健壯一致的果穗掛牌標(biāo)記, 統(tǒng)一授粉。于授粉后第15、22、29、36、43、50、57、64、71和78 d取樣。每次從各小區(qū)取3穗, 取中部籽粒100粒, 稱鮮重, 在105℃烘箱中殺青30 min后, 80℃烘干至恒重, 測(cè)定最終百粒重。以授粉后天數(shù)(d)為自變量、授粉后每隔7 d測(cè)得的百粒重為因變量(), 參照朱慶森等[31]的方法, 利用Richards方程(1+e-)-1/D模擬籽粒灌漿過程。籽粒灌漿速率:e-/(1+e)(D+1)/D, 式中:為粒重(g);為最終粒重(g);為授粉后天數(shù)(d);為回歸方程所確定的參數(shù), 計(jì)算下列灌漿特征參數(shù):

最大灌漿速率max= (max/)[1-(max/)]

平均灌漿速率ave=/(2+4)

達(dá)到最大灌漿速率的時(shí)間max= (ln-ln)/

灌漿活躍期(約完成總積累量的90%)= 2(+2)/

1.3.6 產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素 成熟期收獲每個(gè)小區(qū)中間的4行果穗, 隨機(jī)選取30個(gè)考察穗行數(shù)、行粒數(shù)、千粒重。收獲穗全部脫粒后自然風(fēng)干, 用水分儀測(cè)定水分后, 按14%含水量折合成公頃產(chǎn)量。

1.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

采用Microsoft Excel 2007處理和計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù), 采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行方差分析和多重比較(采用LSD法), 采用SigmaPlot 10.0軟件作圖。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 生育期天數(shù)

由表1可知, 2015年和2016年參試品種的生育期表現(xiàn)為京科968和鄭單958相當(dāng), 均為126 d和127 d, 先玉335較鄭單958和先玉335少3 d。

2.2 產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素

由表2可知, 產(chǎn)量、穗粒數(shù)和百粒重在品種和年際間差異顯著, 以京科968最高、先玉335次之、鄭單958最低。其中, 京科968產(chǎn)量、實(shí)收穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)和百粒重分別較先玉335高7.93%、3.28%、0.23%和5.43%, 較鄭單958高14.55%、2.20%、3.15%和15.53%。

2.3 光合特性

2.3.1 光合作用 由圖1可知, 凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、胞間CO2濃度和蒸騰速率在品種和生育時(shí)期間均存在顯著差異。吐絲期和乳熟期的穗位葉凈光合速率表現(xiàn)為京科968 (35.35 μmol m–2s–1和28.72 μmol m–2s–1) > 先玉335 (32.58 μmol m–2s–1和23.93 μmol m–2s–1) >鄭單958 (27.49 μmol m–2s–1和21.70 μmol m–2s–1), 且在乳熟期京科968凈光合速率顯著高于先玉335和鄭單958, 氣孔導(dǎo)度表現(xiàn)為京科968 (0.65 μmol m–2s–1和0.58 μmol m–2s–1) >先玉335 (0.59 μmol m–2s–1和0.41 μmol m–2s–1) >鄭單958 (0.31 μmol m–2s–1和0.21 μmol m–2s–1), 而胞間CO2濃度表現(xiàn)為鄭單958>先玉335>京科968; 蒸騰速率表現(xiàn)為先玉335>京科968>鄭單958; 不同生育時(shí)期間, 表現(xiàn)為灌漿期高于乳熟期。

表1 參試品種生育期

表2 參試品種的產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素

同一列數(shù)字后不同小寫字母表示不同處理間差異達(dá)0.05 顯著水平。**表示在< 0.01水平差異顯著, *表示在< 0.05水平差異顯著。

Values within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments. **: significantly different at< 0.01; *: significantly different at< 0.05.

圖1 參試品種的凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、胞間CO2濃度和蒸騰速率

SS: 吐絲期; MK: 乳熟期。ZD958: 鄭單958; XY335: 先玉335; JK968: 京科968。誤差線上字母不同表示品種類型間存在顯著差異 (< 0.05)。

SS: silking stage; MK: milking stage. ZD958: Zhengdan 958; XY335: Xianyu 335; JK968: Jingke 968. Different letters above error bars indicate significant difference between two types of varieties (< 0.05).

2.3.2 冠層光合能力 由圖2可知, 參試品種的葉面積指數(shù)隨生育期天數(shù)呈S型變化, 播種后65 d之前差別不大, 之后則差異較大, 表現(xiàn)為京科968>鄭單958>先玉335。葉面積指數(shù)在吐絲期達(dá)峰值, 其中京科968最大, 為5.32。先玉335和鄭單958分別為4.62和4.35。由圖1 (凈光合速率)和圖2可知, 冠層光合能力在品種間表現(xiàn)為京科968>先玉335>鄭單958, 不同生育期間表現(xiàn)為吐絲期>乳熟期, 其中吐絲期京科968的冠層光合能力較先玉335和鄭單958高38.77%和50.83%, 乳熟期分別高58.41%和56.49%。

圖2 參試品種葉面積指數(shù)和冠層光合能力

縮寫同圖1。誤差線上字母不同表示品種類型間存在顯著差異(< 0.05)。

Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different letters above error bars indicate significant difference between two types of varieties (< 0.05).

2.4 干物質(zhì)積累、分配及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)

由表3可知, 花后干物質(zhì)的積累量、轉(zhuǎn)移量、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率以及干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率均表現(xiàn)為京科968>先玉335>鄭單958。其中, 京科968的花后干物質(zhì)積累量、轉(zhuǎn)移量和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率分別比先玉335高13.72%、21.2%、6.33%, 比鄭單958高31.87%、39.96%和18.49%。收獲指數(shù)在品種間差異不顯著, 京科968為0.56, 鄭單958和先玉335均為0.55。

2.5 灌漿特性

2.5.1 粒重和灌漿速率 由圖3可知, 籽粒灌漿期間百粒重呈“慢—快—慢”的S型變化趨勢(shì), 籽粒灌漿速率呈“先升后降”的單峰變化。最大灌漿速率表現(xiàn)為先玉335>京科968>先玉335; 到達(dá)最大灌漿速率的時(shí)間以先玉335最早、鄭單958次之、京科968最晚。

表3 參試品種的花后干物質(zhì)積累、分配及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)

同一列數(shù)字后不同小寫字母表示不同處理間差異達(dá)0.05 顯著水平。

Values within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level among different treatments.

圖3 參試品種的籽粒灌漿動(dòng)態(tài)和灌漿速率

縮寫同圖1。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1.

2.5.2 灌漿參數(shù) 由表4可知, 用Richards模型可以較好地?cái)M合籽粒灌漿過程, 決定系數(shù)為0.9932~0.9987。3個(gè)品種達(dá)到最大灌漿速率的時(shí)間(max)以先玉335最早(23.48 d), 鄭單958次之(25.97 d), 京科968最晚(28.54 d); 最大灌漿速率(max)和平均灌漿速率(ave)表現(xiàn)為先玉335>京科968>鄭單958; 達(dá)到最大灌漿速率時(shí)的生長量(max)表現(xiàn)為京科968>先玉335>鄭單958, 活躍灌漿期()表現(xiàn)為鄭單958 (53.69 d)>京科968 (51.02 d)>先玉335 (48.95 d)。由此可見, 鄭單958雖然活躍灌漿期長, 但平均灌漿速率低; 先玉335雖然灌漿速率高, 但活躍灌漿期短, 京科968灌漿速率與先玉335相當(dāng), 但活躍灌漿期相對(duì)較長。

2.6 灌漿參數(shù)、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率和光合特性與產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性分析

由表5可知, 產(chǎn)量與花后干物質(zhì)積累量(0.99**)、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率(0.96**)極顯著正相關(guān), 與凈光合速率(0.97*)顯著正相關(guān), 與平均灌漿速率正相關(guān), 但未達(dá)到顯著水平, 與活躍灌漿期呈負(fù)相關(guān), 但不顯著。

表4 參試品種的籽粒灌漿特征參數(shù)

表5 灌漿參數(shù)、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率和光合特性與產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性分析

1: 平均灌漿速率;2: 活躍灌漿期;3: 凈光合速率;4: 花后干物質(zhì)積累量;5: 干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率;6: 產(chǎn)量。**表示在< 0.01水平差異顯著,*表示在< 0.05水平差異顯著。

1: the average grain filling rate;2: active grain filling stage;3: net photosynthetic rate;4: dry matter accumulation after siling;5:translocation efficiency of dry matter;6: yield.**Significantly different at< 0.01;*significantly different at< 0.05.

3 討論

葉片是玉米進(jìn)行光合作用的主要器官, 是截獲光能的物質(zhì)載體[32]。葉面積大小及光合作用強(qiáng)弱對(duì)玉米生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量有重要影響[33]。前人研究表明, 延長葉片持綠期及其有效光合作用時(shí)間, 提高玉米吐絲后群體光合速率, 能夠顯著提高產(chǎn)量[34]。本研究相關(guān)分析表明, 葉片光合速率與玉米產(chǎn)量呈顯著正相關(guān)(相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.97*)。凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、胞間CO2濃度和蒸騰速率在品種和生育時(shí)期間均存在較大差異, 且在乳熟期京科968凈光合速率顯著高于先玉335和鄭單958。冠層光合能力是凈光合速率與葉面積指數(shù)的綜合反映。京科968的冠層光合能力較先玉335和鄭單958高48.6%和53.7%。在灌漿期, 參試玉米品種葉面積指數(shù)隨生育期推進(jìn)呈下降趨勢(shì), 且先玉335和鄭單958葉片衰老進(jìn)程高于京科968。京科968生育后期較強(qiáng)的凈光合速率與較高的葉面積是其獲得較高產(chǎn)量和粒重的重要生理基礎(chǔ)之一, 這與鄭友軍等研究結(jié)果一致[35]。灌漿期是玉米籽粒產(chǎn)量形成關(guān)鍵時(shí)期, 也是植株生理功能漸進(jìn)衰退時(shí)期, 產(chǎn)量最高的京科968在乳熟期仍具有較強(qiáng)的光合能力, 凈光合速率下降相對(duì)緩慢, 延長光合同化物的積累時(shí)間, 保證充足的光合產(chǎn)物供應(yīng)玉米籽粒灌漿。

籽粒干物質(zhì)也來自花后物質(zhì)積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。作物經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量由干物質(zhì)積累量決定, 花后物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)與分配對(duì)產(chǎn)量具有重要影響, 光合產(chǎn)物的積累與分配決定作物的群體產(chǎn)量[36]。本研究表明, 花后干物質(zhì)積累量、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率與產(chǎn)量之間存在極顯著正相關(guān)(相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.99**和0.96**), 而不同品種的干物質(zhì)積累、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與分配差別各異, 表現(xiàn)為花后與花前干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)的比例不同, 最終表現(xiàn)出產(chǎn)量水平的差異。京科968花后干物質(zhì)積累量和干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量分別比鄭單958高31.87%和39.96%; 干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移率比先玉335高6.33%、比鄭單958高18.49%。干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率以京科968最高, 先玉335次之, 鄭單958最低。京科968的干物質(zhì)向籽粒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與分配的能力高于先玉335和鄭單958, 有利于獲得較高的產(chǎn)量水平。

籽粒灌漿期是玉米產(chǎn)量形成的重要階段。灌漿速率受基因型和環(huán)境條件共同影響, 灌漿時(shí)間和灌漿速率決定了玉米籽粒的干物質(zhì)積累量, 灌漿速率和灌漿過程持續(xù)天數(shù)均與粒重顯著相關(guān)[37]。馬赟花等[38]和Jorge[39]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)玉米產(chǎn)量的提高主要是籽粒灌漿時(shí)間延長的結(jié)果, 建議把灌漿時(shí)間作為高產(chǎn)玉米選擇的有效指標(biāo); 而本課題組研究認(rèn)為, 灌漿速率高是提高玉米粒重和產(chǎn)量的重要因素[23-25]。本研究表明, 當(dāng)前我國玉米生產(chǎn)3個(gè)主推大品種中, 鄭單958活躍灌漿期長但平均灌漿速率低, 產(chǎn)量最低; 先玉335灌漿速率高但活躍灌漿期短, 產(chǎn)量中等; 京科968灌漿速率與先玉335相當(dāng), 活躍灌漿期相對(duì)較長, 產(chǎn)量最高。由此可見, 京科968更易實(shí)現(xiàn)高產(chǎn), 表現(xiàn)出干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率較高、光合速率較高、灌漿速率高、活躍灌漿期長, 進(jìn)而獲得高產(chǎn)。這與黃振喜等研究結(jié)果一致[40]。

4 結(jié)論

玉米產(chǎn)量與花后干物質(zhì)積累量、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率極顯著正相關(guān), 與凈光合速率顯著正相關(guān)。京科968具有較高的花后干物質(zhì)積累量、干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移量和干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移率, 較高的光合速率及冠層光合能力, 以及相對(duì)較高的灌漿速率和較長的活躍灌漿期, 是較鄭單958和先玉335高產(chǎn)的重要原因。

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Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Filling Parameter of Three Main Maize Varieties in Production

XU Tian-Jun**, LYU Tian-Fang**, ZHAO Jiu-Ran*, WANG Rong-Huan*, CHEN Chuan-Yong, LIU Yue-E, LIU Xiu-Zhi, WANG Yuan-Dong, and LIU Chun-Ge

Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China

The objective of this study was to explore yield-forming characteristics of high yield maize varieties. Using three widely cultivated maize varieties Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Jingke 968 (JK968), we tested grain yield, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and grain filling characteristics. The yield of JK968 was the highest, and was 14.55% and 7.93% higher than that of ZD958 and XY335, respectively. The photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic capacity showed JK968 > XY335 > ZD958 and silking stage > milk stage. The ear photosynthetic rate of JK968 at silking stage and milk stage was 7.84% and 16.78% higher than that of XY335, as well as 22.23% and 24.44% higher than that of ZD958, respectively. The photosynthetic capacity of JK968 at silking stage and milk stage was 38.77% and 58.41% higher than that of XY335, as well as 50.83% and 56.49% higher than that of ZD958, respectively. Dry matter accumulation after silking stage, the transfer amount of dry matter, translocation efficiency of dry matter and contribution to grain dry matter for JK968 were the highest, with 13.72%, 21.20%, 6.32%, and 4.77% higher than those of XY335, as well as 31.87%, 39.96%, 18.49%, and 10.42% higher than those of ZD958, respectively. There was a big difference in grain filling parameters among those different varieties, the average filling rate of JK968 (0.73 g 100-grain–1d–1) and XY335 (0.75 g 100-grain–1d–1) was higher than that of ZD958 (0.67 g 100-grain–1d–1) and the active grain filling period of ZD958 (53.69 d) was longer than that of the JK968 (51.02 d) and XY335 (48.95 d). Maize yield was significantly correlated with net photosynthetic rate at< 0.05, and with the dry matter accumulation after silking stage and the translocation rate at< 0.01. Thus, JK968 had higher photosynthetic efficiency, dry matter accumulation after silking stage, translocation rate, grain filling rate and longer grain filling period, which is the main reason that JK968 had the higher yield than ZD958 and XY335.

maize; photosynthetic characteristics; dry matter accumulation and translocation; grain filling

2017-05-28;

2017-11-21;

2017-12-13.

10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00414

本研究由國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300106), 北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院青年科研基金(QNJJ201728), 北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院院級(jí)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(JNKYT201603), 國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(CARS-02-11)和國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31601247)資助。

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Developing Program of China (2016YFD0300106), the Youth Research Fund of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (QNJJ201728), the Innovative Team Construction Project of BAAFS (JNKYT201603), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-11), and the National Natural Science Fund Youth Science Fund Project (31601247).

(Corresponding authors趙久然, E-mail: maizezhao@126.com, Tel: 010-51503936; 王榮煥, E-mail: ronghuanwang@126.com, Tel: 010-51503703

(Contributed equally to this work

徐田軍, E-mail: xtjxtjbb@163.com; 呂天放, E-mail: 314565358@qq.com

http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1809.S.20171211.0849.010.html