MVRDV設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

首爾空中花園 “首爾路7017”

MVRDV設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

2017年5月20日，首爾市長樸元淳宣布名為 “首爾路7017”的空中花園正式向公眾開放，該空中人行綠道是由前城市高架橋改造而成。廢棄的城市高架橋以線性公園的形式得以重生，形成可供行人和游客駐足游憩的植物展廊，覆蓋了超過200種鄉(xiāng)土樹木、灌木、花卉。MVRDV聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人韋尼·馬斯（Winy Maas）在演講中介紹：“空中花園以生動的植物百科的形式，向公眾展示了韓國自然遺產(chǎn)的部分精華?！?/p>

1總平面圖Masterplan

由廢棄高架橋改造而成的空中花園長983m，收集了至少50個科的植物（喬木、灌木和花卉），約228個主要品種及亞種，它們被栽植于645個不同的種植池中進(jìn)行展示，囊括了種類眾多的韓國鄉(xiāng)土植物，在日益發(fā)展的首爾市中心區(qū)開辟出真正的“城市植物小鎮(zhèn)”?！靶℃?zhèn)”中總計(jì)包括新種植的24 000棵植物（喬木、灌木和花卉），許多植物將在未來10年逐漸達(dá)到其成熟期株高。

首爾空中花園被官方命名為“首爾路7017”，“7017”源于2個重要年份的結(jié)合——原城市高架橋在1970年建成并于2017年改造為空中花園而獲得重生。首爾中央火車站旁的步行高架廊道，將進(jìn)一步使城市（特別是中央車站區(qū)）變得更綠色、更友好、更具吸引力，從而在更大范圍內(nèi)將城市綠地連接起來。

自2015年5月MVRDV贏得此項(xiàng)目后，其最大的挑戰(zhàn)是將既有的高架橋改造成16m高、囊括品種繁多的韓國鄉(xiāng)土植物的鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的公共花園。為了將20世紀(jì)70年代的廢棄高架橋改造成空中花園，借此改變首爾中心區(qū)的大量流動人群的生活方式，MVRDV將這座老舊的公共設(shè)施改造為全新的綠色地標(biāo)，成為推動城市區(qū)域發(fā)展的綠化催化劑。在市政當(dāng)局及當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g組織的協(xié)助下，景觀設(shè)計(jì)和城市顧問團(tuán)隊(duì)在密集的城市環(huán)境中引入了最多樣化的植物群落，并通過新的人行橋和樓梯將高架橋與周邊的酒店、商店和花園串連起來。

MVRDV聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人韋尼·馬斯介紹道：“我們的設(shè)計(jì)將韓國自然遺產(chǎn)的部分精華，以生動的植物百科形式展示于城市中心。主要理念是讓城市居民與自然緊密聯(lián)系，同時為其提供觀賞首爾火車站和崇禮門的絕佳視野?？罩谢▓@既是具有教育意義的植物園，也是孕育各類物種的城市苗圃，同時隨著植物的生長和移植，未來將以城市花園的形式延伸至城市的各個角落。所有植物以不同的科來組織，形成不同大小和高度的盆栽，通過韓文字母排序，產(chǎn)生別具一格的空間布局?！?/p>

2鳥瞰圖Aerial view

3-1支線剖面——會議中心Section branch—Convention Center

3-2支線剖面——加油站Section branch—Gas Station

3-3支線剖面——樂天瑪特Section branch—Lotte Mart

3-4支線剖面——首爾廣場Section branch—Seoul Square

3-5花園剖面——表面綠化Section garden—Green Facade

3-6花園剖面——溫室村Section garden—Greenhouse Village

3-7花園剖面——口袋花園Section garden—Pocket Garden

3-8花園剖面——屋頂Section garden—Rooftop

3-9主剖面——自行車停車位Section main—Bike Parking

3-10主剖面——消失的橋Section main—Disapearing Bridge

3-11主剖面——南大門市場Section main—Namdamun Market

3-12主剖面——首爾要塞Section main—Seoul Fortress

3-13主剖面——首爾廣場Section main—Seoul Plaza.

3-14主剖面——螺旋樓梯Section main—Spiral Stairs

3-15主剖面——體育公園Section main—Sports Park

整個線性公園由若干個小花園集合而成，每個小花園都有其獨(dú)特的組成、香氣、色彩及特性等。其景觀隨著四季更迭而變化：秋季槭樹科（五角楓）鮮艷奪目，春季櫻花和杜鵑盛放，冬季以常綠針葉樹為主，而夏季則是灌木和果樹枝繁葉茂的時期。韋尼·馬斯表示：“這里不僅僅只是植物‘圖書館’ ，也是一系列的公共活動空間，某些地方花壇較大，植被種植高度抬升，其下方設(shè)有商店、畫廊、茶室、劇院、信息中心、維護(hù)設(shè)施、餐廳等不同功能的空間，因此高架橋?qū)l(fā)展為生機(jī)盎然的空中花園小鎮(zhèn)?！?/p>

這些功能也有助于優(yōu)化使用者的體驗(yàn)，通過在花園中創(chuàng)造有活力的公共空間，在文化及商業(yè)的層面上與城市緊密結(jié)合。將一些未來可種植在更大花壇中的種子和植物種在小型移動盆栽中，形成靈活的花園。各種樓梯、電梯、人行橋、扶梯等設(shè)施將空中花園與城市連接起來，與周邊的城市結(jié)構(gòu)形成彈性關(guān)系。夜幕降臨時，更親近自然的藍(lán)色燈光點(diǎn)亮空中花園，與周邊的城市燈光形成對比，每逢盛大節(jié)日或慶?；顒?，燈光的顏色也隨之變化。

4模型圖Model

5激活點(diǎn)Activators labelled

（編輯/任京燕）

設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所：MVRDV

業(yè)主：首爾市政府

項(xiàng)目面積：高架橋938m段（9 661m2）

設(shè)計(jì)完成時間：2015年

施工完成時間：2017年

競賽階段: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Kai Wang, ángel Sánchez Navarro, Jaewoo Lee, Antonio Luca Coco, Matteo Artico and Jaime Domínguez Balgoma

深化設(shè)計(jì): Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Mafalda Rangel, Kai Wang, Daehee Suk, Daan Zandbergen, Dong Min Lee and Sen Yang

合作方：

景觀建筑師：Ben Kuipers，代爾夫特， 荷蘭

合作建筑師：DMP，首爾， 韓國

結(jié)構(gòu)顧問：Saman Engineering， 首爾， 韓國

合作景觀設(shè)計(jì)師： KECC，首爾， 韓國

建筑結(jié)構(gòu)顧問：Cross，首爾，韓國

機(jī)電工程：Samsin，首爾，韓國

交通工程：Song Hyun Ramp;D， 首爾，韓國

燈光設(shè)計(jì)：Rogier van der Heide and Nanam ALD， 首爾， 韓國

攝影：Ossip van Duivenbode

翻譯：于博、胡一可、宋捷

校對：于博、胡一可

6 983m 長的高架橋改造成公共空間花園走廊983 meters long overpass is converted into public space garden corridor

May 20th 2017, Mayor of Seoul, Won-soon Park officially opens Seoul’s new public garden Skygarden, Seoullo 7017, a 983-metre botanical floating walkway, a transformed former city highway. Reborn as a linear park with over 200 local species of trees, shrubs and fl owers are lined as a walkable plant library for residents and visitors to the city. “Skygarden offers a living dictionary of plants which are part of the natural heritage of South Korea”. Winy Maas, MVRDV co-founder, said in his introduction speech today.

Located in the heart of Seoul, a true plant village has been realised on a former inner city highway in an ever-changing urban area accommodating the biggest variety of Korean plant species and transforming it into a public 983-metre long park gathering 50 families of plants including trees, shrubs and fl owers displayed in 645 tree pots, collecting around 228 species and sub-species. In total, the park will include 24,000 plants (trees, shrubs and flowers) that are newly planted many of which will grow to their fi nal heights in the next decade.

Seoullo, the Korean name for Skygarden translates to ‘towards Seoul’ and ‘Seoul Street’, while 7017 marks the overpass’ construction year of 1970, and its new function as a public walkway in 2017. The pedestrianised viaduct next to Seoul’s main station is the next step towards making the city and especially the central station district, greener, friendlier and more attractive, whilst con-necting all patches of green in the wider area.

7 首爾空中花園24 小時可通行，夜晚也有燈光照明Seoul air garden is available 24 hours a day with lighting at night

Since the project was won by MVRDV in May 2015, the main challenge of the Skygarden has been to transform the existing overpass into a public garden, overlaying a matrix of Korean fl ora onto the 16m elevated steel and concrete structure. How to transform a 1970’s highway into a Skygarden and how to change the daily life of thousands of people who cross Seoul’s city centre every day? From the start, MVRDV engaged with this need to change the forgotten and existing infrastructure into a green symbol that will become a catalyst for a greener quarter for Seoul. Together with the municipality, local NGO’s, landscape teams and city advisers are committed to accommodating the biggest diversity of fl ora into a strictly urban condition. New bridges and stairs connect the viaduct with hotels, shops and gardens.

“Our design offers a living dictionary of plants which are part of the natural heritage of South Korea and now, existing in the city centre. The idea here is to connect city dwellers with nature, while at the same time also offering the opportunity of experiencing these amazing views to the Historical Seoul Station and Namdaemun Gate. Skygarden is an educational arboretum, a nursery for future species and one that in the future will act as a garden which can extend to other parts of Seoul as the plants grow and are transferred to new homes”, says Winy Maas, founding partner of MVRDV.“They are planted in containers of different size and height, and organised in groups off a milies. The families are ordered according to the Korean alphabet. This leads to surprising spatial compositions”.

8 延伸段: 可激活周邊區(qū)域的綠植和公共空間, 將空中花園與周邊在視覺上和交通上都連接起來Extension: Activate the surrounding plants and public spaces, and make the garden and the surroundings connected together visually and physically

9 高架橋提供了在首爾市中心創(chuàng)造全新的公共空間的絕佳機(jī)會The overpass offers an excellent opportunity to create a new public space in the heart of Seoul

10 空中花園極大地縮減火車站周邊的步行時間The air garden greatly reduces the walking time around the train station

The linear park was designed as a collection of small gardens, each one with its very own composition, perfume, colour and identity. The landscape will change according to the seasons∶ the bright colours of leaves in autumn of the Aceraceae family (maples), the blossom of cherry trees and rhododendron in spring, the evergreen conifers trees in winter and shrubs and trees bearing fruit in summer. “But it is not only a ‘library’ of plants, a series of pots are bigger. Here the plants are lifted. Underneath there are shops, galleries, tea houses, a theatre, information centres, maintenance boots and restaurants, thus the viaduct is getting inhabited by a plant village”, continues Maas.

These contribute to enhancing the experience of users, boosting the park with activities that engage the city on a cultural and commercial level. Small mobile pots are added for seeds and plants that can be used afterwards in the bigger pots. Mul-tiple stairs, lifts, bridges and escalators connect the city to the new park, rebounding it to the adjacent urban fabric. At night, the Skygarden is illuminated in blue lights in contrast to the bright city lights as the colour is friendly to nature. During festivals and celebrations, different colours can also be changed.

11 人行通道提供了連接首爾火車站與周邊的空中步行通道The walkway provides access to Seoul train station and the surrounding area

The Designer: MVRDV

The Client: Seoul municipality government

The Project Area: 938-metre section of elevated highway (9,661 m2)

The Design Completion Time: 2015

The Construction Completion Time: 2017

Competition: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Kai Wang, ángel Sánchez Navarro, Jaewoo Lee, Antonio Luca Coco, Matteo Artico and Jaime Domínguez Balgoma

Design Development: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Wenchian Shi, Kyosuk Lee, Mafalda Rangel, Kai Wang, Daehee Suk, Daan Zandbergen, Dong Min Lee and Sen Yang

Partners:

Landscape Architect: Ben Kuipers, Delft, Netherlands

Local Architect: DMP, Seoul, Korea

Structure: Saman Engineering, Seoul, Korea

Local Landscape Designer: KECC, Seoul, Korea

Architectural Structure: Cross, Seoul, Korea

MEP: Samsin, Seoul, Korea

Traffic Engineers: Song Hyun Ramp;D, Seoul, Korea

Lighting Design: Rogier van der Heide and Nanam ALD, Seoul, Korea

Images: Ossip van Duivenbode

Translator: YU Bo, HU Yi-ke, SONG Jie

Proofreader: YU Bo, HU Yi-ke

12 一系列因地制宜的活動及設(shè)施如茶館、咖啡館、花店、街市、圖書館和溫室等，將打造一個活躍且生機(jī)盎然的空中花園A series of local facilities such as tea houses, cafes, florists, markets, libraries and greenhouses, etc., will create an active and vibrant air garden

13 MVRDV利用韓國當(dāng)?shù)刂参?，排列以韓文字母順序?yàn)橐罁?jù)，以不同的植物來識別不同的空間類型，使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)更具多樣性MVRDV selected species of Korean local plants and arranged them in alphabetical order based on Korean. Different plants can be symbols of various types of spaces, creating ecologycal diversity as well

14一座真正的植物園棲居首爾市中心，不同規(guī)格的花壇也可作為行人休憩的座位A real botanical garden is in the heart of Seoul. The flower beds of various sizes can also be used as seats for pedestrians

Seoullo 7017, Seoul’s Skygarden

MVRDV